Class 123 | INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES |
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1R | MISCELLANEOUS |
2 | COMBINED DEVICES |
200 | ROTARY |
201 | Reversible |
202 | With means to control degree of compression |
203 | With combusted gas treatment or handling means |
204 | With compression volume means in uninterrupted communication with expansion volume means |
205 | With fuel injection means |
210 | With ignition means |
212 | With plural compression volume means |
214 | With plural expansion volume means |
216 | With charge treatment means |
221 | With transfer means intermediate single compression volume means and single expansion volume means |
222 | Isolated charge in movable transfer element |
223 | Reciprocating or oscillating compression volume means |
228 | Compression volume means circumferentially disposed relative to expansion volume means |
229 | Transfer means in rotor |
230 | Compression volume is also expansion volume |
231 | Vane |
232 | Interengaging rotors |
234 | Compression volume means axially disposed relative to expansion volume means |
239 | Compression volume means radially disposed relative to expansion volume means |
241 | With compression, combustion, and expansion in a single variable volume |
247 | Only combustion and expansion of charge in engine |
18R | OSCILLATING PISTON |
19 | LIQUID PISTON |
21 | CONVERTIBLE CYCLE |
22 | INTERNAL COMBUSTION AND AIR |
23 | SOLID FUEL |
24R | GUNPOWDER |
25R | WATER AND HYDROCARBON |
25A | Water in charge |
25B | Water plus heat into charge |
25C | Water into cylinder |
25D | Water plus heat into charge |
25E | Water introduced by mixing with other materials |
25F | Water plus heat by mixing with other materials |
25G | Washers and cleaners |
25H | Washers and cleaners with heat |
25J | Automatic water control |
25K | Automatic water control; thermostatic |
25L | Automatic water control; suction |
25M | Automatic water control; speed |
25N | Automatic water control interconnected with throttle |
25P | Steam injection |
25Q | Cooling regulation |
26 | ADDITIONAL AIR SUPPLY |
250 | ENGINE MEANS HAVING INTERNAL VAPORIZING IN PRECHAMBER WITH ALL COMBUSTION IN MAIN CHAMBER |
253 | PRECOMBUSTION AND MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS IN SERIES |
254 | Chamber temperature control means |
255 | Vaporizing in precombustion chamber |
256 | Plural precombustion chambers |
257 | Two-cycle |
258 | Having timed valves to precombustion and main combustion chambers |
259 | Having volumetric relation between precombustion and main combustion chambers |
260 | With ignition means particularly positioned relative to precombustion and main combustion chambers |
261 | With injection means particularly positioned relative to precombustion and main combustion chambers |
262 | Having fluid whirling means |
264 | Precombustion chamber is carried by a valve |
265 | Precombustion and main chambers form an "I" head |
266 | Precombustion chamber assembly inserted in spark plug hole |
268 | Valveless precombustion chamber |
269 | Piston shape complements precombustion chamber discharge |
270 | Precombustion chamber liner or coating |
273 | Precombustion chamber mounting means |
274 | Having combustible mixture forming means |
279 | Piston carried precombustion chamber |
280 | Atomizer, deflector, or shield in precombustion chamber |
281 | Precombustion chamber shape is a figure of revolution |
282 | Figure of revolution is multishaped to form a precombustion chamber |
283 | Cylindrical |
284 | Spherical |
285 | Precombustion chamber having a specific shape |
286 | Having specific connecting passage means between precombustion and main combustion chambers |
294 | COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS HAVING FUEL INJECTION ONLY |
295 | Combustible mixture stratification means |
296 | Injector is an integral part of engine valve |
297 | Combination igniting means and injector |
298 | Injection of fuel onto igniter, deflector, heater, or atomizer |
299 | Using multiple injectors or injections |
301 | Injected fuel spraying into whirling fluid |
302 | Air entering combustion chamber through plural inlets |
304 | Injecting diverse fuels or different states of same fuel |
305 | Having a particular relationship between injection and ignition characteristics (e.g., nozzle location, spray pattern, timing relative to igniter location, timing) |
27R | BURNING BY HIGHLY COMPRESSED AIR |
27GE | Gas engines (diesel type) convertible from liquid to gas or operable with liquid and gas |
27A | Oil engine air preheated |
OIL ENGINES |
37 | MULTIPLE EXPLOSION |
38 | ATMOSPHERIC |
39 | NONCOMPRESSION |
41R | REVERSIBLE |
41.01 | COOLING |
41.02 | Automatic coolant flow control |
41.03 | Float control |
41.04 | Shutters, air valves, dampers or adjustable cowls |
41.05 | Temperature and engine operation responsive |
41.06 | Servomotor-operated type |
41.07 | Interrelated shutter and throttle control |
41.08 | Valves for fluid coolant |
41.11 | Air impeller |
41.13 | Interrelated coolant flow and throttle control |
41.14 | System drained and/or heat-storing |
41.15 | Indicators and safety devices |
41.16 | Coolant sealed in cylinder valve or piston |
41.17 | Coolant released into cylinder or valve passages |
41.18 | Convertible |
41.19 | Refrigerating cycle |
41.2 | With vapor generation and/or condensing |
41.28 | Multiple cylinders with equalized cooling |
41.29 | Parallel flow |
41.3 | Mixed air and liquid |
41.31 | With cooling of additional parts or materials |
41.34 | Internal cooling of moving parts; e.g., hollow valves, pistons, and movable cylinder |
41.35 | Piston |
41.4 | Rotary valves |
41.41 | Poppet-type valves |
41.42 | Liquid coolants other than water and water treatment |
41.43 | Movably mounted tank or radiator |
41.44 | With liquid coolant circulating means |
41.48 | Devices for cooling liquid by air flow |
41.5 | Yielding or resilient walls |
41.51 | Plural radiators and/or tanks in series |
41.52 | Engine or cylinder-mounted heat dissipators |
41.54 | With vent |
41.55 | Combined |
41.56 | Air-cooled |
41.57 | With liquid cooling |
41.58 | Flow-regulating means |
41.6 | Steam dividing vanes, baffles, conduits, or the like for multiple cylinders |
41.63 | With impelling means |
41.67 | Jacketed cylinder |
41.69 | Finned cylinder and/or head |
41.7 | Engine encasing air duct; e.g., cowling |
41.71 | Plural materials |
41.72 | With jacketed head and/or cylinder |
41.73 | Jet or spray within jacket |
41.74 | Multiple cylinder |
41.75 | Reentrant head |
41.76 | With cooled valve seats or guides |
41.79 | With passages, baffles, etc. |
41.81 | Cylinder jacket supported solely by cylinder |
41.82R | With head-cooling arrangements |
41.83 | Cylinder detachable |
41.85 | Valve seats or guides |
41.86 | CRANKCASE VENTILATION |
42 | OSCILLATING CYLINDER |
43R | ROTATING CYLINDER |
44R | Radial |
44A | Wheel |
44B | Combustion chamber is center of star |
44C | Two-cycle |
44D | Valve casing-cylinders have no valves but have ports which register with ports in casing |
44E | Cam transmission |
43A | Parallel to shaft |
43B | Toroidal cylinders |
43C | Cam transmission |
45R | ROTARY RECIPROCATING PISTON |
46R | FREE PISTON |
46A | Two chambers; one piston |
46B | Phasing means between two or more units |
46SC | Single chamber; one piston |
46E | Electric generating means |
46H | Hammer |
47R | VALVED PISTON |
47A | Charge passes from crankcase through valve in piston |
47AA | Lost motion connection actuates valve |
47AB | Inlet and exhaust valve in piston |
48R | ADJUSTABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER |
48A | Piston in head adjusted manually or mechanically |
48AA | Piston in head adjusted |
48B | Piston varied by means in crankshaft, connecting rod or piston |
48C | Cylinder or sleeve-moved |
48D | Auxiliary chamber |
50R | RECIPROCATING CYLINDER |
51R | MULTIPLE PISTON, COMMON NONRESTRICTIVE COMBUSTION CHAMBER |
51A | Four-cycle |
51AA | Four-cycle separate crankshaft for piston |
51AC | Two or more combustion chambers between the piston |
51B | Two-cycle |
52.1 | MULTIPLE CYLINDER |
52.2 | Simultaneous compression, distinct pistons, restricted communication to a single combustion chamber |
53.1 | Cylinder offset from crankshaft axis |
53.6 | Cylinders having opposing heads |
54.1 | Cylinders radiating |
56.1 | Having rotary output shaft parallel to cylinders |
56.2 | Cam on rotary output shaft |
56.3 | Swash plate type |
56.4 | Single bank of cylinders |
56.5 | Motion converting means between two banks of cylinders |
56.6 | Multiple swash plate drive |
56.7 | Single bank of cylinders |
56.8 | Motion converting means between two banks of cylinders |
56.9 | Multiple cam drives |
57.1 | Shaft rotates through piston |
58.1 | Cylinders in-line |
58.2 | Locked pistons |
58.4 | Lengthwise charging |
58.6 | Step piston |
58.7 | Cylinder supercharged by pressure pulse of released exhaust gases |
58.8 | Exhaust to next cylinder ready to fire |
58.9 | Oscillating or reciprocating, nonpoppet valve |
59.1 | Rotary valve |
59.5 | Plural carburetors |
59.6 | Multiple crankshafts |
59.7 | Two-stroke cycle |
60.1 | Locked annular piston |
DOUBLE-ACTING |
61R | Two-cycle |
62 | Combined pump and motor cylinder |
61V | Lengthwise scavenging of cylinders from cylinder head to piston |
63 | Four-cycle |
64 | SIX-CYCLE |
65R | TWO-CYCLE |
66 | Combined pump and motor cylinder |
67 | Divided pump discharge |
68 | Pump compression |
69R | Separate air and gas pumps |
70R | Pump and cylinder adjacent |
71R | Pump and cylinder coaxial |
72 | Pump and cylinder inclined |
Rear compression |
73R | Crankcase |
73A | Fuel to crankcase |
73AA | Ported piston |
73AB | Inlet valve in head |
73AC | Varies compression space |
73AD | Lubricant oil and fuel mixing devices |
73AE | Auxiliary piston moves synchronously with piston to enlarge volume of crankcase or incoming charge |
73AF | Crankcase compression with auxiliary pump means |
73B | Fuel to bypass |
73C | Fuel to cylinder |
73CA | Lengthwise scavenging of cylinders from head |
73CB | With liquid pump to separate inlet |
73CC | With gas or vapor pump to separate |
73D | Disc valves |
73E | Reentrant cylinder head |
73F | Stepped piston |
73S | Supercharging of crankcase |
73V | Valves for crankcase |
73SC | Returns charge to crankcase or rejects to exhaust |
73PP | Distinct passages from crankcase to cylinder |
73SP | Slow-speed operation |
74R | Cylinder |
65PE | Exhaust ports |
65A | Inlet and exhaust ports in two or more planes |
65B | Pumps |
65BA | Blowers |
65PD | Port deflectors |
65E | Scavenging by inertia of exhaust gas and charging by use of pressure waves |
65S | Step piston (see sub. 59 BS) |
65V | Valves |
65VB | Lengthwise scavenging list above |
65VC | Lengthwise scavenging exhaust above |
65VD | Intake and exhaust valve in top of cylinder |
65W | Whirl through piston-controlled ports |
65WV | Vacuum intake |
65SP | Single port for inlet and exhaust |
65EM | Exhaust manifolds |
65P | Ports |
306 | MEANS TO WHIRL FLUID BEFORE, UPON, OR AFTER ENTRY INTO COMBUSTION CHAMBER |
307 | Structural projection on working piston causes whirling |
308 | Having multiple oxidant inlet means |
309 | Specific spark plug location |
310 | COMBUSTION CHAMBER HAVING MULTIPLE SPARK GAPS |
311 | FOUR-CYCLE |
312 | Engine cylinder having a reciprocating sleeve valve |
315 | Multiple exhaust |
316 | Having subcharger associated with the cylinder |
317 | Crankcase compression of air or combustible mixture to be subsequently pumped into the working cylinder |
318 | Rear compression of air or combustible mixture to be subsequently pumped into the working cylinder |
76 | Scavenging |
77 | Single revolution |
78R | Variable clearance |
78A | Piston in head adjusted mechanically |
78B | Varying means is in the piston |
78C | Cylinder or sleeve moved |
78D | Auxiliary chamber |
78E | Varying means is in the connecting rod |
78F | Varying means is in the crankshaft |
79R | Single poppet valve |
79A | Rotary valve and poppet which extends through rotary valve |
79C | Concentric valves; relatively movable |
80R | Rotating valve |
80BA | Rotary valve is perpendicular to cylinder |
80BB | Rotary valve is parallel to cylinder |
80C | Sleeve valve |
80D | Disc valve |
80DA | Rotary plug |
81R | Oscillating valve |
82 | Rotating side shaft |
83 | Rotating transverse shaft |
84 | Adjacent supply and exhaust valves |
85 | Aligned supply and exhaust valves |
86 | Opposite supply and exhaust valves |
87 | Longitudinal valve and lever |
88 | Transverse valve and lever |
89 | Transverse valve and bell crank |
319 | ENGINE SPEED REGULATOR |
320 | Responsive to deceleration mode (e.g., engine acting as a brake) |
321 | Valve timing altering means (e.g., axially sliding cam shaft) |
323 | Exhaust throttling or blocking |
324 | Part of the air or combustible mixture to the engine cylinder omitted |
325 | Deceleration responsive cutoff of fuel to engine (e.g., pollution control) |
327 | Auxiliary air fed to the engine |
328 | Idle jet bypassed by a slight opening of the throttle |
329 | Having means to retard spark (e.g., ignition timing) |
330 | Engine speed reduction by overriching the combustible mixture (e.g., choking engine) |
332 | Engine speed reduction by fuel cutoff |
334 | Engine speed reduction by partial or complete omission of the ignition |
336 | Having plural throttle valve structure |
337 | Specific throttle valve structure |
338 | Fuel injection pump bypass control |
339.1 | Idle speed control |
339.11 | By regulating spark ignition timing |
339.12 | And air-fuel ratio feedback controlled |
339.13 | Manual adjustment |
339.14 | Electrically operated control means |
339.15 | With fail-safe, backup, or malfunction detecting means |
339.16 | External load condition responsive |
339.17 | Air conditioner operating mode responsive (i.e., compressor on-off) |
339.18 | Accessory load (e.g., lights, heater blower motor, radiator fan motor, generator) on engine electrical system responsive |
339.19 | By engine speed error feedback |
339.2 | Dynamic state variable model |
339.21 | And integral or derivative control |
339.22 | And temperature responsive |
339.23 | Controlling throttle bypass |
339.24 | Temperature responsive |
339.25 | Including rotary actuator |
339.27 | Including linear reciprocating solenoid control device |
339.29 | By overriding injection pump governor |
342 | Regulator changes length of accelerator linkage |
343 | Regulator accessory (e.g., cleaner, adjusting tool, etc.) |
344 | Charge proportion varying (e.g., the fuel-air ratio is varied) |
345 | By changing valve lift |
347 | By changing valve timing |
349 | Having condition responsive means with engine being part of a closed feedback system (e.g., cruise control) |
350 | Electrical sensing or regulating |
351 | Engine overspeed sensing with an indicator or alarm and speed regulation |
352 | Engine speed sensing having an error signal producing circuit |
353 | Having variable duty cycle multivibrator (e.g., length of "time on" in each cycle) |
354 | Having variable frequency multivibrator (e.g., number of "time ons" per unit of time) |
355 | Having phase difference detector |
356 | Circuit resonates (e.g., tuned) at governed speed |
357 | Electric fuel injection pump governor |
360 | Circuit controls a fluid throttle operator (e.g., vacuum) |
361 | Circuit controls an electric throttle operator |
362 | Cold engine control |
363 | Mechanical sensor or regulator |
364 | Fuel injection pump governor (e.g., diesel) |
365 | Governor override |
369 | Three-dimensional cam control |
370 | Acceleration responsive |
371 | Deceleration responsive |
372 | Biased axial link (e.g., sliding rod with spring return) |
373 | Pivoted link connected to pump rack |
375 | Fuel injection pressure governor |
376 | Throttle positioning |
378 | Fluidic sensor or regulator |
379 | Fuel injection pump governor |
380 | Barometric sensor |
381 | Fuel viscosity sensor (e.g., temperature sensing) |
382 | Manifold pressure sensor |
384 | Floating piston-type governor (e.g., Bessiere) |
385 | Liquid fluid governor |
389 | Intake manifold vacuum responsive |
390 | Fuel injection pressure governor |
391 | Responsive to intake airflow |
392 | Responsive to cooling fan airflow |
393 | Responsive to exhaust gas |
394 | By combustion air or air-fuel mixture cutoff |
395 | Open loop condition responsive |
396 | Resistance or override acts on input connection to regulator |
399 | Having an electrical device between input and speed regulator |
400 | Mechanical connection between input and speed regulator |
401 | Fluidic device between input and regulator |
402 | Charge volume varying (e.g., total amount of mixture fed to engine is varied; relative amounts of air and fuel are fixed) |
406.11 | SPARK IGNITION TIMING CONTROL |
406.12 | Electronic control |
406.13 | With fail-safe, backup or malfunction detecting means |
406.14 | Including spark failure responsive means (e.g., misfire) |
406.15 | Fuel sensor malfunction responsive |
406.16 | Knock control malfunction responsive |
406.17 | Cylinder pressure sensor malfunction responsive |
406.18 | Engine shaft rotational position sensor malfunction responsive (e.g., crank shaft, cam shaft) |
406.19 | Closed loop feedback control of spark timing |
406.2 | Separate control for each cylinder |
406.23 | Engine output (e.g., torque, speed, horsepower) or fuel consumption optimization |
406.24 | Including means responsive to the instantaneous change in engine speed (e.g., roughness, unstable combustion, etc.) |
406.26 | Combustion condition responsive |
406.27 | Combustion failure responsive (e.g., misfire) |
406.28 | Combustion condition sensed by optical sensor |
406.29 | Engine knock responsive |
406.3 | Fuel quality or composition signal responsive |
406.31 | Alcohol concentration responsive |
406.32 | Having a plurality of speed/load maps related to fuel quality or composition |
406.33 | With modifying or updating memory (i.e., learning) |
406.34 | Modification of knock signal by engine operating condition signal |
406.37 | Having specific knock detecting means |
406.41 | Engine cylinder pressure responsive |
406.44 | Exhaust gas condition responsive control of spark timing |
406.45 | Including control of combustible mixture or a constituent thereof (e.g., air, fuel, exhaust gas) |
406.46 | Acceleration or deceleration responsive |
406.47 | With fuel injection control |
406.48 | With exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control |
406.49 | Barometric pressure responsive |
406.5 | Acceleration or deceleration responsive |
406.52 | Throttle position responsive |
406.53 | Starting condition responsive |
406.55 | Temperature responsive (e.g., ambient, engine, etc.) |
406.56 | With magneto |
406.58 | Having engine shaft rotational position signal generator (e.g., crank shaft, cam shaft) |
406.67 | Vacuum timing control |
406.68 | Barometric pressure responsive |
406.69 | Condition responsive valve in fluid path from vacuum source |
406.71 | Fluid delay between vacuum source and actuator (e.g., fixed restriction) |
406.72 | Increasing vacuum retards spark timing |
406.73 | Plural diaphragms or actuators |
406.74 | Mechanical or hydraulic link to throttle valve or accelerator |
406.75 | Centrifugal timing mechanism |
406.76 | Spark delay actuated or deactuated by starting device |
429 | COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS COMBINED WITH AIR-FUEL MIXTURE FORMING MEANS |
430 | Stratification in combustion chamber |
431 | Having a single combustible mixture inlet combined with means for injecting additional fuel into the combustion chamber |
432 | Air or combustible mixture entering the combustion chamber through plural inlets |
434 | CHARGE FORMING DEVICE (E.G., POLLUTION CONTROL) |
435 | Including cylinder pressure or temperature responsive means |
436 | Including means responsive to instantaneous change in engine speed |
672 | Including exhaust gas condition responsive means |
673 | With sensor controlling each cylinder individually |
674 | With modifying or updating memory (i.e., learning) |
676 | Exhaust gas temperature or pressure repsonsive |
677 | Combined with ambient condition responsive means (e.g., pressure) |
679 | Combined with engine condition responsive means |
680 | Idling responsive |
681 | Engine load responsive |
682 | Acceleration or deceleration responsive |
683 | Throttle position responsive |
684 | Pressure downstream of throttle valve responsive |
685 | Starting or warmup responsive |
687 | Speed responsive |
688 | Inoperative sensor responsive |
689 | Engine fluid or engine component temperature responsive |
690 | With fail-safe, backup, or malfunction means |
691 | Multiple sensors controlling group of cylinders |
693 | With compensator for sensor output (e.g., current or voltage) |
698 | With addition of secondary fluid (e.g., fuel or exhaust gas) |
701 | With auxiliary control of carburetor |
703 | Exhaust gas composition sensor |
704 | Air/fuel ratio prior to combustion responsive means |
437 | Auxiliary control of carburetor fuel metering |
442 | Injection or carburetion system having a series of throttle valves |
443 | Alternate or simultaneous lean-rich |
444 | Having fluidic logic control means |
445 | Fuel injection system |
446 | Fuel pump flow regulation |
447 | With accumulator |
448 | Sequential distributor |
452 | Nonsequential distributor |
453 | Enrichment of the combustible mixture for cold starting or cold running |
454 | Equal pressure valve type |
455 | Distributor and metering unit are in common housing |
456 | Common rail system |
457 | Regulating means adjusts fuel pressure |
467 | Drip prevention means at injector nozzle |
468 | Having a specific shape, material, or location of fuel line |
470 | Injection nozzle mounting means |
472 | Electrically actuated injector |
473 | Mechanically actuated switching |
475 | Actuated by ignition pulse |
476 | Magnetically actuated switching |
477 | Radiation actuated switching |
478 | Actuator circuit (e.g., engine condition responsive electronic circuit actuates injector valve) |
479 | Backup systems, fail-safe, failure indicator |
480 | Having microprocessor |
481 | Engine cylinder cutout |
482 | Circuit activates valve for continuous fuel flow |
483 | Having plural multivibrators |
484 | Having single multivibrator |
485 | Having ramp generator |
486 | Having a digital memory addressed by an engine parameter |
487 | Having an up or up-down counter in circuit |
488 | Subcircuit operates on a parameter sensor output before input to main fuel control (e.g., function generator) |
490 | Injector solenoid drive |
491 | Starting condition responsive |
492 | Acceleration or full load condition responsive |
493 | Deceleration condition responsive |
494 | Having specific transducer |
495 | With fuel pump |
496 | Variable rate of injection stroke |
497 | Electric fuel pump |
500 | Variable beginning and ending of pumping stroke |
501 | Variable beginning of pumping stroke |
503 | Variable ending of pumping stroke |
504 | Variable stroke |
505 | Fuel pump and intake air controls interconnected |
506 | Having pressure relief valve |
507 | Pumping member driven by a piston or valve of the internal combustion engine |
508 | Pumping member driven by the internal combustion engine valve operating mechanism |
509 | Specific location or mounting of pump |
510 | Fuel flow regulation between the pump and the charge-forming device |
511 | Regulator means adjusts fuel pressure |
514 | Excess fuel returned to tank |
515 | Regulator controls flow of a plurality of fuels |
516 | Air or fuel vapor purging system |
517 | Carburetor float bowl drain |
518 | Having fuel vapor recovery and storage system |
522 | Liquid fuel evaporating by submerged air supply |
523 | Liquid fuel evaporating by extended fuel film |
525 | Combined liquid and gaseous fuel |
527 | Gaseous fuel and air mixer |
530 | Constant flow fuel supply |
531 | Auxiliary air or gas used to inject fuel |
532 | Air is bled from the cylinder on the compression stroke in that cylinder |
533 | Having a separate pump for the air or gas |
534 | Air is bled from another engine cylinder |
535 | Constant fuel level |
536 | Combustible mixture ionization, ozonation, or electrolysis |
540 | Cooling of combustible mixture |
543 | Heating of combustible mixture |
544 | Lighter fuel is used during starting |
545 | Heating meduim surrounds combustible mixture |
546 | Combustible mixture surrounds heating medium |
547 | Combustible mixture and heating meduim adjoin one another |
548 | Trap for liquid particle vaporization |
549 | Electric heater |
550 | Combustion heater |
552 | Automatic control |
553 | Intermediate fluid used for heating |
554 | Combustible mixture, air, and fuel are heated separately |
555 | Air and fuel heated separately |
556 | Air only |
557 | Fuel only |
559.1 | Supercharger |
559.2 | Pressure exchange with exhaust gas |
559.3 | With clutch |
560 | Two-cycle compressor feeds a four-cycle engine |
561 | Variable ratio compressor driven supercharger |
562 | Multiple superchargers |
563 | Intercooler |
564 | Boost control |
565 | Supercharger is driven independently of the engine |
566 | Funnel-type supercharger (e.g., ram-air) |
567 | Oxidant is solely oxygen |
568.11 | Exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture (e.g., emission control Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve) |
568.12 | Exhaust gas cooled during recirculation |
568.13 | Having recirculation path formed entirely in the cylinder block or head |
568.14 | Internal exhaust gas recirculation (e.g., exhaust gas retained in the combustion chamber) |
568.15 | Having exhaust gas mixed with a constituent before entry into intake manifold |
568.16 | With electrical means for fail-safe, backup, or malfunction detecting of EGR system |
568.17 | Having specific exhaust gas outlet structure at intake manifold |
568.19 | EGR valve position controlled only in relationship to intake throttle valve position |
568.2 | Plural EGR valves in the recirculation passage |
568.21 | Having electrically actuated control means |
568.22 | Ambient condition responsive (e.g., atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure) |
568.23 | Having rotary actuator control of EGR valve |
568.26 | Having electromechanical actuator control of EGR valve |
568.29 | Vacuum actuator control of EGR valve |
572 | Crankcase vapor used with combustible mixture |
573 | Vapor treated before mixing with combustible mixture (e.g., cooling) |
574 | Specific control valve (e.g., PCV valve) |
575 | Diverse fuel supply |
576 | Fuel switched in response to engine starting condition |
577 | Fuel switched, condition responsive to load |
578 | Fuel switched in response to engine temperature |
579 | Multiple carburetors |
580 | Each carburetor feeds a cylinder or group of cylinders (e.g., split engine) |
581 | Separate carburetor for starting |
582 | Separate carburetor for high load |
583 | With linkage between carburetor throttle valves |
585 | Auxiliary air or oxygen added to combustible mixture |
586 | Oxidant controlled by throttle |
587 | Oxidant controlled by intake manifold vacuum |
588 | Oxidant controlled by engine temperature |
590 | Charge-mixing device in intake (e.g., device which insures the atomization of the combustible mixture) |
594 | HIGH TENSION IGNITION SYSTEM |
595 | Retrofit conversion ignition unit |
596 | Using capacitive storage and discharge for spark energy |
597 | Regulating sensed ignition capacitor voltage |
598 | Having an oscillator |
599 | Having a magneto |
600 | Triggering voltage obtained from capacitor charging winding |
601 | Specific design of charge or trigger winding core |
603 | Antireverse protection |
604 | Inductive capacitive discharge system |
605 | Having a specific capacitor, ignition coil means, or switching element circuit path |
606 | High frequency ignition system |
609 | Having dwell control |
612 | Having engine component position sensor |
613 | Optical sensing |
614 | Including a zero crossing detector |
615 | Includng an oscillator |
616 | Piezoelectric sensor |
617 | Inductive or magnetic sensor |
618 | Having specific trigger circuitry |
620 | Additional spark energy supply |
621 | Having an ignition coil with multiple primary or secondary windings |
623 | Having supply voltage regulation |
624 | Having ballast resistor cutout or control |
625 | Responsive to engine or environmental condition |
627 | Having auxiliary spark gap in series or parallel with the coil |
628 | Having a continuous high voltage output to the high voltage distributor |
629 | Monostable multivibrator controls timing of coil primary current |
630 | Safety device |
633 | Radio interference protection |
634 | Having a specific ignition coil |
635 | Specific coil location |
636 | Multiple spark ignition system |
637 | System fires single spark plug per cylinder |
638 | System fires multiple spark plugs per cylinder |
639 | System using vibrator for multiple sparks upon starting |
640 | Dual systems |
642 | Piezoelectric voltage generator |
643 | Electronic cylinder sequencing |
644 | Current or voltage sensing in coil primary |
645 | Maverick spark suppressor |
647 | Having a specific mounting of system component |
648 | Having SCR triggered by lowering cathode voltage below ground |
649 | Multiple primary current interrupters |
650 | Power supply, ignition coil primary, and interrupter element all in series |
651 | Interrupter is multiple transistor circuit |
652 | Interrupter is single transistor |
653 | Additional capacitor other than breaker point capacitor is in series with coil primary or secondary |
654 | Additional capacitor other than breaker point capacitor is in parallel with coil primary or secondary |
655 | Diode is in series with coil primary or secondary |
656 | Diode is in parallel with coil primary or secondary |
90.1 | POPPET VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM |
90.11 | Electrical system |
90.12 | Hydraulic system |
90.14 | Pneumatic system |
90.15 | With means for varying timing |
90.19 | With temperature compensation |
90.2 | With compound movement of cam follower |
90.21 | Follower displaced axially of camshaft |
90.22 | Plural valve trains, single actuator |
90.24 | Valve driven closed |
90.27 | Overhead camshaft |
90.28 | With nonvalving movement (e.g., about valve stem) |
90.31 | Camshaft drive means |
90.32 | With alternate interruption of drive train |
90.33 | Lubrication |
90.34 | Camshaft |
90.35 | Tappet as conduit |
90.36 | Rocker fulcrum as conduit |
90.37 | Seals and shields |
90.38 | Housings |
90.39 | Rocker |
90.4 | Plural valves |
90.41 | Individually fulcrumed |
90.44 | Cam engaged |
90.45 | Lash adjustment |
90.47 | Yieldable engagement |
90.48 | Tappet |
90.49 | Cushion and silencer |
90.5 | Rotation prevention |
90.51 | Composition, surface treatment manufacture |
90.52 | Lash adjustment |
90.6 | Cam |
90.61 | Rod |
90.65 | Spring |
143R | IGNITERS |
144 | Flame |
145R | Incandescent |
146.5R | Sparkers |
147 | Low tension |
149R | Dynamos |
149A | Inductor type |
149B | Impulse starters |
149D | Flywheel type |
149E | Oscillating armature type |
149F | Special waveforms |
149G | Movable pole shoes and bell-magnets |
149H | Reciprocating |
150 | Combined adjusting and exhaust regulating |
151 | Combined sparker and valve |
152 | Combined valve and sparker operating |
169R | Plugs |
169CL | Cleaners automatic |
169CA | Compound insulation |
169CB | Core retaining |
169DW | Disk wrappings type |
169EL | Electrodes |
169EA | Adjustable gap |
169EB | Replaceable electrode |
169EC | Adjustable and replaceable |
169C | Cool |
169E | Insulated electrodes |
169G | Intensity in gap only |
169P | Insulating protecting |
169MG | Multiple firing gap |
169TC | Transparent combustion chamber |
169V | Valved |
153 | Make and break |
154 | Electromagnetic |
155 | Pneumatic |
162 | Piston-operated |
156 | Reciprocating electrode |
157 | Rocking-electrode hammer action |
158 | Rocking and rigid electrodes |
159 | Rocking and yielding electrodes |
160 | Oscillating electrodes |
161 | Rotary electrodes |
163 | Stationary-electrode structure |
164 | Adjusting mechanism |
146.5A | Timers |
146.5B | Ignition locks |
146.5C | Fluid level or pressure-actuated ignition switches |
146.5D | Devices for opening the ignition circuit when engine stops in order to save battery |
143A | High compression igniters |
143B | Special charge igniters |
143C | Insulated casing enclosing wires leading to plugs, distributor, etc. |
192.1 | VIBRATION COMPENSATING DEVICE |
197.1 | TRANSMISSION MECHANISM FROM PISTON |
179.1 | STARTING DEVICE |
179.2 | Remote control |
179.3 | Condition responsive control of starting device |
179.5 | Control of spark ignition during starting |
179.6 | Control of glow plug during starting |
179.7 | Auxiliary fuel supply device |
179.16 | With fuel or intake air control |
179.19 | Includes auxiliary internal combustion engine |
179.21 | With charge or cylinder heating |
179.22 | Inertia type |
179.24 | Either power or manual starting device |
179.27 | For airplane |
179.28 | With electric generating means |
179.31 | Having fluid-driven starting motor |
183.1 | Gunpowder type |
182.1 | Compression relieving type |
179.25 | Having specific mounting or drive connection for electric starter motor |
185.1 | Mechanical |
185.14 | Includes mechanical potential motor (e.g., spring motor) |
185.2 | Includes cable |
185.5 | Includes lever or slide linkage |
185.8 | Includes friction means in linkage |
185.9 | Includes coaxial cooperating threaded members in linkage |
185.11 | Includes worm gear in linkage |
185.12 | Including crank-type handle |
184.1 | With auxiliary igniters |
184.21 | INTAKE MANIFOLD |
184.22 | Passage to crankcase |
184.23 | For use with carburetor upstream of manifold |
184.24 | Manifold having plenum |
184.27 | Multiple passage leading to inlet of head |
184.28 | For engine having radiating cylinders |
184.38 | For in-line engine |
184.39 | For use with carburetor upstream of manifold |
184.42 | Manifold having plenum |
184.45 | Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder |
184.46 | For use with carburetor upstream of manifold |
184.47 | Manifold having plenum |
184.52 | Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder |
184.53 | Manifold tuning, balancing or pressure regulating means |
184.54 | With back flow prevention valve |
184.55 | Adjustable length passage |
184.56 | Adjustable cross section passage |
184.57 | Resonator chamber |
184.58 | Return loop to inlet |
184.59 | Interconnection between passages |
184.61 | Manifold material or composition |
142.5R | WITH HEATING MEANS |
657 | COMBUSTION CHAMBER |
658 | L- or T-shaped |
659 | Having groove to aid combustion |
660 | An acoustic cavity used to attenuate detonation shock waves (e.g., Bodine) |
661 | Having squish area |
662 | Multiple annular combustion chambers |
663 | Annular combustion chamber |
664 | Combustion chamber shape is a figure of revolution |
667 | Asymmetric combustion chamber |
668 | Having coating or liner |
670 | Having catalytic cambustion aid |
671 | Cylinder head shape conforms to piston shape |
193.1 | PARTICULAR PISTON AND ENCLOSING CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION |
188.1 | VALVE |
189 | Detachable |
188.14 | Valve head cooperates with manifold |
188.4 | Reciprocating valve |
190.1 | Rotary |
190.12 | Sleeve |
190.3 | For crankcase |
190.4 | Double function type |
190.5 | For two or more cylinders |
190.6 | Elongated rotary double-function valve |
190.8 | In horizontal plane above cylinder |
190.11 | In horizontal plane on the side of the cylinder |
190.14 | Disc, cone, or sphere shaped |
190.2 | Single function, (i.e., exhaust and intake by separate tube) |
190.16 | Lubricant |
190.17 | Seal |
188.6 | Packing |
188.7 | Combustion improving accessory |
188.8 | Valve seat relation |
188.9 | Guide, lubricant, or coolant |
188.11 | Wear feature |
188.17 | Having actuation springs concentric with valve stem |
195R | FRAME CONSTRUCTION |
195A | Auxiliaries, brackets |
195C | All covers |
195E | Electrical |
195P | Outboard motor frames |
195S | Sheet metal frames |
195AC | Inclined cylinder |
195H | Horizontal stress members |
195HC | Horizontal cylinder |
196R | LUBRICATORS |
196A | Filtering |
196CP | Crankcase, pressure control |
196AB | Heating and cooling |
196M | Upper cylinder lubricants |
196S | Safety devices |
196V | Sleeve valve lubrication |
196W | Vertical shaft |
198R | ACCESSORIES |
198A | Decarbonizers and antiknocks |
198B | Antitheft valves and locks |
198C | Pumps |
198D | Safety devices |
198DA | Bearing wear, cylinder, oil drain, auto ignition |
198DB | Fuel cut-off |
198DC | Ignition cut-off control |
198E | Covers, trays, vibrators, corrosion inhibitors, air filters |
198F | Cylinder cut out |
198P | Pressurizing - crankcase, clutch housing, transmission housing |
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS | ||
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
Any foreign patents or non-patent literature from subclasses that have been reclassified have been transferred directly to FOR Collections listed below. These Collections contain ONLY foreign patents or non-patent literature. The parenthetical references in the Collection titles refer to the abolished subclasses from which these Collections were derived. | ||
STARTING DEVICE |
FOR101 | SPARK IGNITION TIMING CONTROL (123/406) |
FOR102 | Vacuum timing control (123/407) |
FOR103 | Multiple diaphragms (123/408) |
FOR104 | Fluid delay in fluid path line from vacuum source (123/409) |
FOR105 | Including sensor responsive to barometric pressure to alter vacuum level (123/410) |
FOR106 | Increasing vacuum retards the spark (123/411) |
FOR107 | Barometric pressure responsive controller (123/412) |
FOR108 | By mechanical or hydraulic link to throttle valve or accelerator (123/413) |
FOR109 | Having engine shaft position sensor (123/414) |
FOR110 | Analog electronic control (123/415) |
FOR111 | Digital electronic control (123/416) |
FOR113 | Speed responsive (123/418) |
FOR114 | Responsive to instantaneous changes in engine speed (e.g., roughness) (123/419) |
FOR115 | Centrifugal timing mechanism (123/420) |
FOR116 | Ambient or engine temperature responsive (123/421) |
FOR117 | Acceleration responsive (123/422) |
FOR118 | Deceleration responsive (123/423) |
FOR119 | Starting or cold running condition responsive (123/424) |
FOR120 | Cylinder pressure or cylinder temperature responsive (123/425) |
FOR121 | Feedback correction (123/426) |
FOR122 | Timing control derived from ignition capacitor (123/427) |
FOR123 | Having circuit that alters response of an oscillatory engine shaft position sensing circuit (123/428) |
FOR124 | Exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture (e.g., emission control (e.g.r. valve) (123/568) |
DIGESTS | ||
DIG1 | INTERCHANGEABLE |
DIG2 | ACCUMULATED FUEL RETURN TO TANK OR ENGINE-INDUCTION SYSTEM |
DIG3 | MODEL |
DIG4 | STRATIFICATION |
DIG5 | CRANKCASE PRESSURE-OPERATED PUMPS |
DIG6 | DETACHABLE |
DIG7 | CONVERTIBLE |
DIG8 | MULTIPLE ENGINE UNITS |
DIG9 | FLAME IGNITION |
DIG10 | FLUIDIC AMPLIFIER FUEL CONTROL |
DIG11 | ANTIDIESELING (STOPPING) |
DIG12 | HYDROGEN |
DIG13 | GAS |