CLASS 168,	FARRIERY
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes all inventions involving the shape, material, construction, and securing in place of the shoes of cattle and of horses; also, shoeing-stands and tools employed by blacksmiths in fitting securing such shoes, with the exception noted in Lines With Other Classes, below

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Mere hoof-trimming knives will be found in Class 30, Cutlery. Patents on grinding machines which are stated to be intended for sharpening calks, but are of general utility will be found outside of this class (168).

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

119,	Animal Husbandry,   for general care of an animal.

SUBCLASSES

1	OVERSHOES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Shoes or boots which are temporarily fastened on the foot over the ordinary shoe; principally the means for securing such overshoes or boots. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 54,  Harness for Working Animal,   subclass 82 .

2	Medicating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Overshoes and boots which are secured over the shoe and around the foot and leg of the animal for holding in place sponges, pads, etc., saturated with water or medicines for treating diseases of the foot. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 54,  Harness for Working Animal,   subclass 82 .

3	Swamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Overshoes having broad soles which are intended to prevent the animal sinking in the soft ground of swamps or for injuring the grass of lawns. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 54,  Harness for Working Animal,   subclass 82 .

4	SHOES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Miscellaneous horseshoes not classified in the other subclasses. It includes shoes made of specific materials and combinations of various materials.

5	Ox:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  The name indicates the contents of this subclass.

6	Hoof spreading:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Miscellaneous shoes constructed to be adjusted for the purpose of spreading or permitting the spreading of the hoof when the heel has become contracted.

7	Hinged sections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Hoof-spreading shoes hinged at the toe to allow the heels and sides to expand and contract with the action of the hoof.

8	Spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Hoof-spreading shoes having a spring located between the side bars of the shoe for spreading them apart at the heel.

9	Stretching bar:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Hinged section, hoof-spreading shoes having a sectional bar lying between the side sections of the shoe and pressing them outward.

10	Wedge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Shoes formed with wedge-shaped projections which extend upward from the surface of the shoe between the heels and serve to spread them apart when the weight comes upon them.

11	Auxiliary tread plate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Shoes made in sections, one of which is permanently secured to the hoof and the other is attached by various means to the permanent section and can be removed and renewed whenever it becomes worn.

12	Cushioned:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Miscellaneous shoes provided with elastic material between the plates of a composite structure or on the upper surface of the shoe between the same and the hoof.

13	Soft tread:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Metal shoes provided with sockets or grooves in their lower surface, into which are fitted blocks of elastic material which form the tread-surface of the shoe.

14	Sole pad:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Cushioned soft-tread shoes the elastic material whereof is extended over the sole, or at least over the frogs of the foot, in order to protect the same from injury. (1) Note. Similar sole-pads which are attached without modification in the structure of the shoe are found elsewhere in this class. See search notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 26, and indented subclasses for similar sole-pads which are attached without modification in the structure of the shoe.

15	Spring heels:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  A spring-heel is formed by a hinged or resilient portion of the shoe backed in some cases by a rubber or metallic spring. (1) Note. This subclass does not include mere rubber pads on the heels of the shoe, for which see the search note below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13, for mere rubber pads on the heels of the shoe

16	Interference pads:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  The shoes are provided with pads at the edge to prevent injury from interference. (1) Note. In many cases the cushion extends over the upper surface of the shoe. See search note below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12, for cases where the cushion extends over the upper surface of the shoe

17	Fastenings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Miscellaneous improvements in the devices for securing the shoe to the hoof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4,

18	Boots:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Shoes without nails and secured by a well-defined boot structure extending up around the hoof and secured by straps and buckles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2, and 3. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 54,  Harness for Working Animal,   subclass 82 .

19	Clamped sections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Shoes made in sections having flanges or spurs which are clamped onto the edges of the hoof.

20	Inclined flange:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Constructions in which sectional flanges embracing or interlocking with the shoe and the edge of the hoof are bolted or otherwise secured together.

21	Side spurs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Shoes provided with upwardly-extending spurs which are bent or clamped over the edge of the hoof and grasp the same with spurs or are secured to the hoof by nails or screws.

22	Toe and heel straps:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Shoes provided with a strap extending up the front of the hoof and heel-straps running from the heel of the shoe to and connecting with the toe-strap. (1) Note. These shoes are somewhat like those of another subclass, but do not constitute a well defined boot.

23	Nails and screws:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The specific construction for securing the shoe to the foot by means of nails or screws.

24	Shape:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Peculiarities in the form of the shoe.

25	Weights:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Weighted shoes, toe-weights, heel weights, and combined weights and quarter-boots. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 16,  Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),   subclass 403 , for a paperweight and subclass 404 for miscellaneous weighting means. 54,  Harness for Working Animal,   subclass 82 , for quarter-boots, per se.

26	SOLE PADS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Pads secured inside the shoe for the protection of the sole and frog of the foot. In some cases the pad comes into contact with the ground and gives a cushioned tread. (1) Note. Sole-pads are distinguished from subclass 13, by the fact that the shoe, per se, is not composite or cushioned with elastic material, and there is no modification of the shoe. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, for stock material, particularly of plural layer form, which may be useful in forming a pad.

27	Medicating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Sole-pads constructed and adapted to be packed with sponge or other absorbent material to be saturated with medicines for the treatment of foot diseases or in some cases with water to keep the foot moist. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3,

28	Elastic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Sole-pads formed of rubber or other elastic material to protect the sole and frog, relieve them from shock, and to keep the foot from balling up with snow in the winter.

29	CALKS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  The form, construction, or arrangement of the calks on the shoe. (1) Note. Where there is any novelty in the mode of attachment of a removable calk, the patent is cross-referenced into the appropriate subclass of calks, removable.

30	Creeper section:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Auxiliary calked sections adapted to be clamped to the shoe to prevent slipping. (1) Note. Distinguished from subclass 11, in being of a temporary nature less intimately associated in structure with the primary shoe, and the latter is not modified in structure to provide for the attachment. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 36,  Boots, Shoes, and Leggings,   subclasses 59 and 67.

31	Removable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Miscellaneous means for securing a removable calk to the shoe.

32	Bolt:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Removable calks attached to the shoe by one or more bolts or screws and where a single one is employed it is prevented from turning by a flange or shoulder on one part or the other.

33	Bolt and lug:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Calks secured to the shoe by a screw or bolt and prevented from turning on the bolt by a lug on one part engaging a socket in the other.

34	Clamped:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Calks provided with clamps by which they are clamped upon the shoe.

35	Dovetailed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Shoe and calk joined by a dovetailed connection and locked against movement by a variety of means.

36	Hooked lug and pin:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Calks or shoes provided with one or more hooked or undercut lugs which enter an undercut socket and are forced laterally into engagement. They are then locked by a pin which enters the shoe and the calk.

37	Hooked lug and wedge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Calks or shoes provided with one or more undercut lugs which enter a socket and one wedged laterally to lock them in an undercut portion of the socket.

38	Nail calk:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  The head of one of the nails which are used to secure the shoe to the hoof is so formed as to serve the purpose of a calk.

39	Button head:
	This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Tenoned.  Calk and shoe connected by means of a tenon having a button-head which enters a socket and is then turned on its axis to lock it in place.

40	Cross pinned:
	This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Tenoned.  Calk and shoe connected by a tenon-and-socket connection secured in place by a cross-pin or set-screw.

41	Friction:
	This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Tenoned.  Calk and shoe joined by a tenon-and-socket connection, the parts being retained by friction.

42	Screw threaded:
	This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Tenoned.  A tenon on the calk or a lug on the shoe is screw-threaded and the parts are screwed together. Various means are employed to prevent the parts from unscrewing.

43	Wedged:
	This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Tenoned.  The calk or a tenon on the same is inserted in a socket in the shoe and wedged in place.

44	SHOEING STANDS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Stands used by blacksmiths for holding tools, supporting the foot of the animal, or serving as a seat for the workman. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 119,  Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 712+ for controlling an animal.

45	TOOLS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Miscellaneous tools, largely compound tools for the use of blacksmiths. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 7,  Compound Tools,   appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous compound tools, and see the Notes to the class definition of that class (7) for compound tools elsewhere classified.

46	Calk sharpeners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Various tools or portable machines used for sharpening the calks of horseshoes without removal of the shoe. (1) Note. Certain portable grinding-machines intended for this purpose, but having no special construction limiting or adapting them to this purpose, and suitable for general grinding, are classified in Class 451, Abrading, subclass 346.

47	Hoof and shoe expanders:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Tools used for expanding or pressing apart the heel portions of the hoof when they have become contracted. There are also some bending-tools for expanding the heels of a horseshoe to fit it to the foot. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclass 302 for outwardly-facing jaws on pliers, and subclass 485 for miscellaneous spreaders.

48.1	Hoof cleaner or trimmer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter wherein the tool is used to remove foreign matter or excess material from the unguis, i.e., hoof, of the cattle or horse. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclasses 236.01+ for a scraper of general cleaning utility, and see the search notes thereunder for other scrapers of more specialized application. 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 76.1+ for a device or process for filing metal, i.e., cutting metal with a hard instrument having its surface sharply ridged, particularly subclass 76.4 for a file, per se. 30,  Cutlery,   appropriate subclasses, for a hand manipulable cutting implement adapted for trimming a hoof but of more general utility.

48.2	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.  Subject matter wherein the tool utilizes a revolving portion to remove the foreign matter or excess material.