| Class 356 | OPTICS: MEASURING AND TESTING |
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![[List of Pre Grant Publications for class 356 subclass 2]](../as.gif) | ![[List of Patents for class 356 subclass 2]](../ps.gif) | 2 | CONTOUR PLOTTING |
| | 3 | RANGE OR REMOTE DISTANCE FINDING |
| | 3.01 |  Triangulation ranging to a point with one projected beam |
| | 3.02 |  Using photodetection with a fixed axial line of sight |
| | 3.03 | Using a source beam with a fixed axial direction or plane |
| | 3.04 |  With a single staring photodetector having one element |
| | 3.06 | With a single photodetector having multiple elements |
| | 3.08 | With at least one paired set of staring photodetectors |
| | 3.09 | Requiring scanning of a source beam |
| | 3.1 | Triangulation ranging to a point with two or more projected beams |
| | 3.11 | Using photodetection at the source station(s) |
| | 3.12 | Using photodetection remote from the source station(s) |
| | 3.13 | Triangulation ranging with photodetection, but with no projected beam |
| | 4.01 | With photodetection |
| | 4.02 | Of a simulation or test |
| | 4.03 | Of focused image size or dimensions |
| | 4.04 | Of degree of defocus |
| | 4.05 | Of focal point search |
| | 4.06 | Of differential amplitude at two source or detector distances |
| | 4.07 | Of intensity proportional to distance |
| | 4.08 | Of height relative to a light plane |
| | 4.09 | Of light interference fringes |
| | 5.01 | Of pulse transit time |
| | 5.02 | Having return coincide with swept display or detector |
| | 5.03 | Having one or more return pulse gates or windows |
| | 5.05 | Having pulse transmission trigger significance |
| | 5.09 | Of frequency difference |
| | 5.1 | Of CW phase delay |
| | 6 | Instrument condition testing or indicating |
| | 7 | Periscope or offset type |
| | 8 | With view finder |
| | 9 | Base line instrument (i.e., base is a part of instrument) |
| | 10 | With filter or light valve |
| | 11 | Range finder combined with height finder |
| | 12 | Stereoscopic |
| | 15 | Length of base line variable |
| | 16 | Image displaced by moving refracting element |
| | 17 | Image displaced by rotating reflecting element |
| | 18 | With mounting, supporting, adjusting, or folding structure |
| | 19 | Prism structure for determining coincidence |
| | 20 | External basis type |
| | 23 | MOTION STOPPING (E.G., STROBOSCOPES) |
| | 24 | Periodically moving reflecting or refracting element |
| | 25 | Periodically moving light interrupting element |
| | 27 | VELOCITY OR VELOCITY/HEIGHT MEASURING |
| | 29 | OPTICAL ELEMENT OR RETICLE RESPONDS TO RELATIVE VELOCITY OF REMOTE OBJECT |
| | 30 | CRYSTAL OR GEM EXAMINATION |
| | 32 | MATERIAL STRAIN ANALYSIS |
| | 36 | WITH SAMPLE PREPARATION |
| | 39 | BLOOD ANALYSIS |
| | 43 | OPTICAL PYROMETERS |
| | 51 | INFRARED AND ULTRAVIOLET |
| | 52 | EGG CANDLING |
| | 53 | Photoelectric |
| | 54 | With counting, marking, or weighing |
| | 55 | With egg transfer |
| | 62 | With light shading chamber |
| | 64 | With light box |
| | 68 | Lamp attachments |
| | 69 | CUTTING BLADE SHARPNESS |
| | 70 | OIL TESTING (E.G., CONTAMINATION) |
| | 71 | DOCUMENT PATTERN ANALYSIS OR VERIFICATION |
| | 72 | WITH PLURAL DIVERSE TEST OR ART |
| | 73 | PLURAL TEST |
| | 73.1 | FOR OPTICAL FIBER OR WAVEGUIDE INSPECTION |
| | 300 | BY DISPERSED LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY |
| | 301 | With Raman type light scattering |
| | 302 | For spectrographic (i.e., photographic) investigation |
| | 306 | With internal standard comparison |
| | 307 | With background radiation comparison |
| | 308 | With synchronized spectrum repetitive scanning (e.g., cathode-ray readout) |
| | 310 | With aperture mask |
| | 311 | With sample excitation (e.g., burning) |
| | 312 | By electrical resistance heating (e.g., graphite tube) |
| | 313 | By arc or spark |
| | 315 | By flame |
| | 316 | By high frequency field (e.g., plasma discharge) |
| | 317 | By light |
| | 319 | Utilizing a spectrophotometer (i.e., plural beam) |
| | 326 | Utilizing a spectrometer |
| | 327 | Having light polarizing means |
| | 328 | Having diffraction grating means |
| | 330 | Having optical gating means |
| | 331 | With monochromator structure |
| | 335 | FOR SIZE OF PARTICLES |
| | 337 | BY PARTICLE LIGHT SCATTERING |
| | 344 | BY ELECTROPHORESIS |
| | 450 | BY LIGHT INTERFERENCE (E.G., INTERFEROMETER) |
| | 451 | Spectroscopy |
| | 452 | Having particular linear mirror drive or configuration |
| | 453 | Polarization |
| | 454 | Fabry-Perot type or Etalon Type |
| | 455 | Having a rotating, pendulous, or wedge scanning element |
| | 456 | Imaging |
| | 457 | Holography |
| | 459 | Rotation rate (e.g., ring laser gyros) |
| | 460 | By fiber or waveguide interferometer (e.g., Sagnac effect) |
| | 461 | Resonant loop |
| | 462 | Multi-axis (X-Y-Z) having multiplexing |
| | 463 | Multiple harmonic output |
| | 464 | Having null feedback loop |
| | 465 | Fiber coil winding |
| | 466 | Having m x n loop coupler where (m is greater than 2) and (n is greater than or equal to 2) (e.g., passive bias) |
| | 467 | Four frequency, multi-oscillator, non-planar cavity |
| | 468 | Cavity output beam combiner |
| | 469 | Cavity mirror details |
| | 470 | Passive cavity (laser source outside cavity) |
| | 471 | Multi-axis cavity |
| | 472 | Lock-in prevention |
| | 477 | Using fiber or waveguide interferometer |
| | 478 | Multiplexed sensor array |
| | 479 | Having a short coherence length source |
| | 480 | Resonant cavity |
| | 481 | Refraction indexing |
| | 482 | For distance or displacement measurement |
| | 483 | Plural counter-propagating beams (e.g., non-motion Sagnac device) |
| | 484 | Having light beams of different frequencies (e.g., heterodyning) |
| | 491 | Having polarization |
| | 496 | For dimensional measurement |
| | 497 | Having short coherence length source |
| | 498 | Displacement or distance |
| | 499 | Having wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction) |
| | 500 | X-Y and/or Z table |
| | 501 | Of probe head (e.g., atomic force microscope) |
| | 502 | Surface displacement due to acoustic wave propagation) |
| | 503 | Thickness |
| | 505 | Gap |
| | 508 | For orientation or alignment |
| | 511 | Contour or profile |
| | 517 | For refractive indexing |
| | 519 | Having partially reflecting plates in series (e.g., Fabry-Perot type) |
| | 520 | Having shearing |
| | 521 | Having wavefront division (by diffraction) |
| | 364 | BY POLARIZED LIGHT EXAMINATION |
| | 365 | With birefringent element |
| | 366 | With polariscopes |
| | 369 | Of surface reflection |
| | 370 | With light attenuation |
| | 121 | LAMP BEAM DIRECTION OR PATTERN |
| | 123 | FOCAL POSITION OF LIGHT SOURCE |
| | 124 | LENS OR REFLECTIVE IMAGE FORMER TESTING |
| | 124.5 | For optical transfer function |
| | 125 | Focal length measuring |
| | 127 | Optical center, cylinder axis, or prism measuring or determining |
| | 128 | REFRACTION TESTING (E.G., REFRACTOMETERS) |
| | 129 | Schlieren effect |
| | 130 | Differential |
| | 133 | Refractive rod engages specimen |
| | 134 | Prism forming fluid specimen container |
| | 135 | Prism engaging specimen |
| | 138 | ANGLE MEASURING OR ANGULAR AXIAL ALIGNMENT |
| | 139 | Plural scales or different portions of same scale simultaneously observable |
| | 139.01 | Star/Sun/Satellite position indication with photodetection |
| | 139.03 | Relative attitude indication along 3 axes with photodetection |
| | 139.04 | Automatic following or aligning while indicating measurement |
| | 139.05 | With optical elements moving relative to fixed housing to follow or align |
| | 139.06 | With optical housing moving to follow or align |
| | 139.07 | With photodetection of reflected beam angle with respect to a unidirectional source beam |
| | 139.09 | Wheel alignment with photodetection |
| | 139.1 | Photodetection of inclination from level or vertical |
| | 140 | Apex of angle at observing or detecting station |
| | 141.1 | With photodetection of reflected beam angle with respect to a unidirectional source beam |
| | 141.2 | With photodetection |
| | 141.3 | With unidirectional or planar source beam directed at the photodetecting station |
| | 141.4 | With optical scanning of light beam or detector |
| | 141.5 | With at least 2-dimensional sensitivity |
| | 142 | Scale and remote point simultaneously observable |
| | 144 | With plural images |
| | 145 | Lines of sight relatively adjustable with two degrees of freedom |
| | 146 | Two or more lines of sight deflected |
| | 147 | Measurement in two planes (e.g., azimuth and elevation; hour angle and declination) |
| | 148 | Artificial reference |
| | 150 | Sides of angle or axes being aligned transverse to optical axis (e.g., drift meter) |
| | 152.1 | With photodetection remote from measured angle |
| | 152.2 | With reflection of a unidirectional source beam from a planar or nonretroreflective surface |
| | 152.3 | With reflection of a unidirectional source beam from a retroreflector |
| | 153 | Alignment of axes nominally coaxial |
| | 154 | With screen |
| | 600 | SURFACE ROUGHNESS |
| | 601 | SHAPE OR SURFACE CONFIGURATION |
| | 602 | Triangulation |
| | 609 | By focus detection |
| | 610 | By projection of coded pattern |
| | 611 | By stereo |
| | 612 | By specular reflection |
| | 613 | Silhouette |
| | 614 | POSITION OR DISPLACEMENT |
| | 615 | Position transverse to viewing axis |
| | 616 | Having scale or grid |
| | 620 | Special mark or target on object |
| | 621 | Occulting a projected light beam |
| | 622 | Position of detected arrangement relative to projected beam |
| | 623 | Triangulation |
| | 624 | Focus |
| | 625 | DIMENSION |
| | 388 | BY CONFIGURATION COMPARISON |
| | 389 | With photosensitive film or plate |
| | 390 | With two images of single article compared |
| | 391 | With projection on viewing screen |
| | 394 | With comparison to master, desired shape, or reference voltage |
| | 395 | With relatively movable optical grids |
| | 396 | With scale or optical grid displaced relative to remote fiducial mark |
| | 397 | With object being compared and scale superimposed |
| | 398 | With object being compared and light beam moved relative to each other (e.g., scanning) |
| | 399 | BY ALIGNMENT IN LATERAL DIRECTION |
| | 402 | BY SHADE OR COLOR |
| | 403 | With merging colors or patterns (e.g., Maxwell disc) |
| | 404 | Photography |
| | 405 | Tristimulus examination |
| | 406 | Trichromatic examination |
| | 407 | With sample responsive to plural colors applied simultaneously |
| | 408 | With sequential comparison of sample and standard |
| | 409 | Fluid color transmission examination |
| | 410 | Of flowing liquids |
| | 412 | With ionic determination |
| | 413 | With variable light path length |
| | 414 | With color transmitting filter |
| | 416 | With color transmitting filter |
| | 417 | Included with sample excitation |
| | 418 | Including rotating sequential filters |
| | 419 | Including multicolor filters |
| | 420 | Included with colored light sources |
| | 421 | With reflective multicolor chart or standard |
| | 425 | With color determination by light intensity comparison |
| | 426 | BY INSPECTION WITH AGITATION OR ROTATION |
| | 429 | BY MONITORING OF WEBS OR THREAD |
| | 432 | FOR LIGHT TRANSMISSION OR ABSORPTION |
| | 433 | By comparison |
| | 436 | Of fluent material |
| | 443 | Of photographic film |
| | 445 | OF LIGHT REFLECTION (E.G., GLASS) |
| | 213 | PHOTOMETERS |
| | 214 | Pupillary |
| | 215 | Integrating |
| | 216 | Heat absorbing (e.g., radiometers) |
| | 217 | Modulating (e.g., flicker beam) |
| | 218 | Photoelectric |
| | 219 | Simultaneous sighting and reading measurement |
| | 220 | Multiple housings |
| | 221 | Responsive to incident or back lighting |
| | 222 | Plural detectors |
| | 223 | Logarithmic |
| | 224 | Multisensitivity range |
| | 225 | With predetector light modifier (e.g., diaphragm) |
| | 226 | Detector and indicator electrical coupling (e.g., amplifying or attenuating) |
| | 227 | With particular indicator |
| | 229 | Comparison |
| | 233 | With variable light aperture size |
| | 234 | Light absorbing |
| | 236 | Integrating spheres |
| | 237.1 | INSPECTION OF FLAWS OR IMPURITIES |
| | 238.1 | Textile inspection |
| | 238.2 | Elongated textile product (e.g., thread, yarn, etc.) |
| | 238.3 | Detection of foreign material (e.g., trash, splinters, contaminants, etc.) |
| | 239.1 | Transparent or translucent material |
| | 239.2 | Optical element (e.g., contact lens, prism, filter, lens, etc.) |
| | 239.3 | Patterned surface |
| | 239.4 | Containers (e.g., bottles) |
| | 239.7 | Surface condition |
| | 240.1 | Containers or enclosures (e.g., packages, cans, etc.) |
| | 241.1 | Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes, intrascope, etc.) |
| | 241.2 | Firearm bore inspection |
| | 241.3 | With adjustable head |
| | 241.4 | Flexible |
| | 241.5 | Specific construction of distal end |
| | 241.6 | Having guiding means |
| | 237.2 | Surface condition |
| | 237.3 | Detection of object or particle on surface |
| | 237.5 | On patterned or topographical surface (e.g., wafer, mask, circuit board) |
| | 237.6 | Having predetermined light transmission regions (e.g., holes, aperture, multiple material articles) |
| | 242.1 | THREAD COUNTING |
| | 243.1 | STANDARD |
| | 244 | SAMPLE, SPECIMEN, OR STANDARD HOLDER OR SUPPORT (E.G., PLATES OR SLIDES) |
| | 247 | FIDUCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
| | 256 | MISCELLANEOUS |
| CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS | ||
| | 900 | INTERFEROMETERS (GO1B 9/02) |
| | 901 | Involving fiber optics or integrated optics (GO1B 9/02F) |
| | 902 | Involving diffraction gratings (GO1B 9/02G) |
| | 903 | Using holographic techniques (GO1B 9/021) |
| | 904 | MEASURING MICROSCOPES (GO1B 9/04) |
| | 905 | MEASURING TELESCOPES (GO1B 9/06) |
| | 906 | OPTICAL PROJECTION COMPARATORS, E.G., FOR PROFILE (GO1B 9/08) |
| | 907 | GONIOMETERS (GO1B 9/10) |
| | 908 | MEASURING LENGTH, WIDTH, OR THICKNESS (GO1B 11/02) |
| | 911 | MEASURING THE DEFORMATION IN A SOLID, E.G., OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGE (GO1B 11/16) |
| | 912 | MEASURING ANGLES (GO1C 1/00) |
| | 916 | ALTIMETERS FOR AIRCRAFT (GO1C 5/00A) |
| | 917 | MEASURING INCLINATION, E.G., BY CLINOMETERS, BY LEVELS (GO1C 9/00) |
| | 918 | PHOTOGRAMMETRY; PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING (GO1C 11/00) |
| | 919 | Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g., controlling overlapping of pictures (GO1C 11/02) |
| | 921 | Interpretation of pictures (GO1C 11/04) |
| | 922 | PHOTOMETRY, E.G., PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE METER (GO1J 11/04) |
| | 923 | RADIATION PYROMETRY (GOLJ 5/00) |
| | 924 | MEASURING VELOCITY OF LIGHT (GOLJ 7/00) |
| | 925 | MEASURING OPTICAL PHASE DIFFERENCE: MEASURING OPTICAL WAVELENGTH (GO1J 9/00) |
| | 926 | MEASURING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL OPTICAL PULSES OR OF OPTICAL PULSE TRAINS (GO1J 11/00) |
| | 927 | MEASURING VARIATIONS OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL WHEN IT IS STRESSED, E.G., BY PHOTOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE LIGHT, ULTRA-VIOLET (GO1L 1/24) |
| | 928 | INVESTIGATING OR ANALYZING MATERIALS BY THE USE OF OPTICAL MEANS, I.E., USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE, OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT (GO1N 21/00) |
| | 929 | Arrangements, or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation (GO1N 21/01) |
| | 931 | Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of material investigated (GO1N 21/17) |
| | 932 | With opto-acoustic detection, e.g., for gases or analyzing solids (GO1N 21/17B) |
| | 933 | With calorimetric detection, e.g., with thermal lens detection (GO1N 21/17C) |
| | 934 | With modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during optical investigation, e.g., Electra reflectance (GO1N 21/17M) |
| | 935 | Dichroism (GO1N 21/19) |
| | 936 | Polarization-affecting properties (GO1N 21/21) |
| | 939 | Color; spectral properties, i,e., comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands (GO1N 21/25) |
| | 940 | Colorimeters (GO1N 21/25B) |
| | 942 | Arrangements using two alternating lights and one detector (GO1N 21/25D) |
| | 943 | Using photo-electric detection (GO1N 21/27) |
| | 945 | Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g., atomic absorption spectrometry (GO1N 21/31) |
| | 946 | Holographic interferometry (GO1N 21/45B) |
| | 947 | Scattering, i.e., diffuse reflection (GO1N 21/47F) |
| | 948 | Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light (GO1N 21/62) |
| | 953 | Probe photometers (GO1N 21/85B) |
| | 955 | MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED UTILIZING DEVICES CHARACTERIZED BY THE USE OF OPTICAL MEANS, E.G., USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE, OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT (GO1P 3/36) |
| | 956 | Using a ring laser (GO1P 3/36B) |
| | 957 | Using diffraction of light (GO1P 3/36C) |
| | 958 | Using photographic means (GO1P 3/38) |
| FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS | ||
| FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
| Any foreign patents or non-patent literature from subclasses that have been reclassified have been transferred directly to FOR Collections listed below. These Collections contain ONLY foreign patents or non-patent literature. The parenthetical references in the Collection titles refer to the abolished subclasses from which these Collections were derived. | ||
| FOR100 | INSPECTION FOR FLAWS OR IMPERFECTIONS (356/237) |
| FOR101 | Cloth or thread inspection (356/238) |
| FOR102 | Passing light through a transparent or translucent article (356/239) |
| FOR104 | Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes) (356/241) |
| FOR105 | THREAD COUNTING (356/242) |
| FOR106 | STANDARDS (356/243) |
| FOR107 | BY LIGHT INTERFERENCE (E.G., INTERFEROMETERS) (356/345) |
| FOR108 | Spectroscopy (356/346) |
| FOR109 | Holography (356/347) |
| FOR111 | With light beams of different frequency (e.g., heterodyning) (356/349) |
| FOR113 | With polarization (356/351) |
| FOR114 | With partially reflecting plates in series (e.g., Fabry-Perot type) (356/352) |
| FOR115 | With shearing (356/353) |
| FOR116 | With wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction) (356/354) |
| FOR119 | For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness) (356/357) |
| FOR121 | For optical configuration (356/359) |
| FOR123 | For refractive indexing (356/361) |
| FOR125 | For orientation and alignment (356/363) |
| FOR126 | FOR FLATNESS (356/371) |
| FOR127 | BY MENSURATION (356/372) |