SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is the generic class for making a determination of either
(1) a characteristic or condition of an object or system utilizing
heating or cooling as a significant part of the test and not provided
for in other classes, or (2) a thermal quantity or condition.
This class also includes circuitry and devices with structure
unique to a thermal measurement or test and not elsewhere provided
for.
| | (1)
Note. Processes and apparatus are classified together. |
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A thermal measurement or test made as part of a measurement
elsewhere classifiable, e.g. liquid level or flow, will be classified
with the other measurement. However, a thermal measurement combined
with a separate measurement, so as to provide separate determinations
are classifiable herein. (See Subclass References to the Current
Class, below.)
Substantially all apparatus classes include automatic control
of the apparatus. Such automatic control usually involves some
means to measure or test a condition or change of condition, the
measuring or testing means then operating to control or regulate
the apparatus in accordance with the results of the measurement
or test. For such subject matter, the class appropriate to the
type of apparatus controlled should be investigated.
ORGANIZATION OF THIS CLASS
For the organization of this class, see Subclass References
to the Current Class, below.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1, | through 28 and 43 through 57, Thermal Testing subclasses
provide for determination of either a thermal characteristic of,
or the thermal dependence of a nonthermal characteristic of, a test
specimen. Also included herein is the thermal determination of a
nonthermal property not elsewhere provided for. |
| 29, | through 42, Heat and Heat Flux Measurement subclasses
provide for determination of heat energy, rate of heat transfer,
and other miscellaneous thermodynamic potentials (e.g., enthalpy). |
| 100, | through 207, Temperature Measurement subclasses
provide for quantitative determination of temperature and temperature-related
composite quantities. |
| 142+, | for a thermal measurement combined with a separate
measurement, so as to provide separate determinations. |
| 208, | and 209, Specialized Subcombinations subclasses
provide for devices having structure peculiar to thermal measuring
and testing which perfects, but does not perform the determination. |
| 210, | Miscellaneous subclass provides for subject matter
under the class definition and not found above. |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclasses 516+ for expansion and contraction mechanisms, in general. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for measuring a nonthermal variable
by a thermal measurement, particularly
subclasses 25.01+ for thermal gas analysis; subclasses 61.75 and
61.77 for a heat determination of the content or effect of a constituent
of a liquid mixture; subclass 154 for thermal logging of a formation
in a borehole; subclasses 204.11+ for thermal volume or
rate of flow determination; and subclass 295 for thermal liquid
level determination. |
| 92, | Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclasses 34+ for a bellows chamber, per se; and subclasses 89+ for
a diaphragm, per se. |
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclasses 342+ for a condition indicator for a cooking arrangement. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 388.1 for an open-top liquid heating vessel that may
include a lid and an indicator or signaler feature. |
| 128, | Surgery,
subclass 736 for a diagnostic temperature measuring arrangement
particularly limited by structure to shape of, or placement in or on,
a living body. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 551+ for fluid handling with condition responsive indication. |
| 219, | Electric Heating,
subclass 248 for a flat iron with a condition responsive indicator. |
| 236, | Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclasses 2+ for incubator control, and subclass 94 for thermostatic
temperature control with an indicator. |
| 237, | Heating Systems,
subclass 3 for an incubator heating system. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 338+ for an infrared radiometer. |
| 251, | Valves and Valve Actuation,
subclass 11 , for a heat motor actuated valve. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,
subclass 39 for a thermostatic carburetor. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus,
subclass 99 for a metallurgical device with a condition responsive
indicator. |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 93.8 for abnormal current condition detecting by thermal
sensing. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclass 142 for agitating structure with a condition responsive
indicator. |
| 399, | Electrophotography,
subclasses 67+ for controls of fixing, particularly subclass 70
for temperature control of a warm-up or standby mode and subclass
94 for internal machine environment temperature. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 35 for a thermometer bulb, per se; and subclass 616
for a bimetallic element, per se. |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
HEAT
Kinetic energy of macroscopically non-observable random
modes of motion of atoms and molecules.
TEMPERATURE
A quantitative measure of the ability of a substance
to transmit or receive heat energy.
THERMAL
Related to heat or temperature.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTIC
A property of matter related to heat or temperature.
THERMAL PARAMETER
Heat, temperature, or a thermodynamic quantity related thereto.
THERMAL MEASUREMENT OR TEST
A determination of a thermal quantity, or a determination
of a quantity made under a controlled thermal condition.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 374 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | THERMAL CALIBRATION SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining the accuracy, operability,
or operating characteristics of a device responsive to a thermal
condition.
| | (1)
Note. The calibration may involve either a single value or
plural values including a continuous variation. |
| | (2)
Note. The thermal condition responsive device need not be
a measuring or testing device, e.g. calibration of a thermostat
is classifiable in this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. A measuring or testing device having a reference or
calibrating element or subsystem is classified with the measuring
or testing device. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 1.01+ for calibrating or proving of a nonthermal condition
responsive arrangement. |
| 399, | Electrophotography,
subclasses 67+ for controls of fixing, particularly subclass 70
for temperature control of a warm-up or standby mode and subclass
94 for internal machine environment temperature. |
|
| | |
| 2 | By thermal radiation emitting device (e.g. blackbody cavity): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein a reference thermal condition is
thermal radiation given off from a radiating element.
| | (1)
Note. Such an element would include a blackened element adjacent
a radiation transmitting element. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclass 393 for an invisible radiant energy source used in electrical
signalling. |
|
| | |
| 4 | LEAK OR FLAW DETECTION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for testing a solid material for a defect
or undesired passage of fluent material therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 57, | for detection of susceptibility to such a defect
caused by a thermal effect. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 40+ for leakage testing by fluid pressure; and subclasses
104+ for surface or cutting edge testing, in general. |
| 228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 103 for similar subject matter in a welding process. |
|
| | |
| 5 | With heating or cooling of specimen for test: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein heat is applied to or extracted from
the solid material to permit detection of a thermal anomaly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 43+, | for determination of a thermal parameter of an object,
in general. |
|
| | |
| 6 | DISTANCE OR ANGLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining an angle or distance by measuring
a thermal property which varies therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for determination of spatial relationship
by direct contact with a measuring element. |
|
| | |
| 8 | FLAMMABILITY TESTING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining the susceptibility of the
test specimen to combustion.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein is burn rate determination. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 36 for testing of illuminating gas, in general. |
|
| | |
| 9 | EMISSIVITY DETERMINATION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining the ability of an object
to radiate energy in accordance with its temperature.
| | (1)
Note. Such a determination often includes heating the sample. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 32, | for measuring total radiant energy emitted from
a source. 126 and 128, for emissivity compensation of temperature
measurement by thermally emitted radiant energy. |
|
| | |
| 10 | DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which compares simultaneous thermal effects
on a test specimen and a reference specimen of an applied variation
in temperature.
| | (1)
Note. The reference specimen is usually inert (i.e. undergoes
no thermodynamic phase changes) over the temperature range of interest. |
| | (2)
Note. The comparison is usually a differential determination
of the specimen conditions being monitored (e.g. temperature difference). |
| | (3)
Note. The specimens being compared are exposed to similar
environmental conditions. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 112+, | for measurement of temperature difference, in general. |
|
| | |
| 13 | Formed by thermoelectric element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the specimen holder is composed of
a thermoelectric junction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 12, | for such subject matter having a sample cup with
a distinct thermoelement contained therein. |
| 157, | for a combined thermometer and sampling cup. |
| 179+, | for a thermometer having a thermocouple sensor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,
subclass 231 for such a sample holder, per se. |
|
| | |
| 14 | THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining the change in mass or weight
of a sample subjected to heat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 177, | Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for weighing devices, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 15 | BY APPLYING KNOWN THERMAL GRADIENT (E.G., INDICATION OF RESPONSE
BY LOCATION): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having an element with a temperature which
increases in one direction according to the distance from a reference point
so as to determine the relationship between a thermally responsive
property and temperature by observation of the spatial distribution
of the property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for determination of a temperature distribution,
in general. |
|
| | |
| 16 | TRANSFORMATION POINT DETERMINATION (E.G., DEW POINT, BOILING POINT): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining the temperature at which
a change of state or phase of the test specimen occurs.
| | (1)
Note. The term "change of state" refers to
changes between the gaseous, liquids, and solid states. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15, | for such determination using an applied thermal
gradient. |
|
| | |
| 18 | By reflection (e.g., polished surface): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Subject matter wherein the light modifying characteristic
is reflection from the specimen or an element in contact therewith.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are total internal reflection within
the specimen and mirrors contacting the specimen. | |
| | |
| 19 | Sensed by instrument (e.g., photocell): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the reflected light is sensed by
an element responsive thereto.
| | (1)
Note. Such an element is often a photocell. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 573+ for a prephotocell systems having fluent material
in its optical path. |
|
| | |
| 20 | Controlling heating or cooling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter including a temperature modifying element
for the specimen which modifying element is responsive to the light
responsive element. |
| | |
| 23 | Driven element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter including an arrangement for applying a motion
producing force to the movable test element. |
| | |
| 24 | By change in pressure or flow rate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the transition point is established
by determination of a variation in either the force per unit area
or the volume per unit time of a fluid specimen. |
| | |
| 25 | By thermal arrest (e.g., time-temperature curve): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the transition point is established
by locating the temperature at which there is no temperature change
during heating or cooling of the specimen.
| | (1)
Note. The thermal arrest temperature is often located by
use of a graph of time vs. temperature during heating or cooling. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 107, | for measurement of the time rate of change of temperature. |
|
| | |
| 26 | Of molten metal (e.g., carbon content): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter for determining a thermal arrest point of
a molten metal.
| | (1)
Note. The thermal arrest point is often used to determine
carbon content of the molten metal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 139+, | for molten metal temperature measurement, in general. |
|
| | |
| 27 | Between gaseous and liquid states: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter where in the transformation point determination
is between a gaseous and a liquid state, and not provided for in
subclass
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are determination of a boiling or a
condensation point. | |
| | |
| 28 | Dew point: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter wherein the change of state determined is
that of the temperature at which condensation of a vapor in a sample
begins, and not provided for in subclasses 17 - 26, above.
| | (1)
Note. The vapor is often water vapor. | |
| | |
| 29 | HEAT FLUX MEASUREMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining the heat flowing through
a unit area per unit time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31+, | for measuring the total heat energy at a particular
location. |
|
| | |
| 31 | CALORIMETRY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for determining a quantity of heat energy
produced or absorbed at a given location.
| | (1)
Note. Calorimetric determination of the amount of constituent
in a compound or of the heat of chemical combination is classified
herein only when limited to a determination of heat produced by
combustion of the specimen. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for calorimetric determination used in differential
thermal analysis. |
| 29, | for measuring heat flow. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclass 230 and 232 for processes involving heat measurement
of a catalytic element, or with steps involving a chemical reaction
other than combustion. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclass 51 for apparatus for heat measurement of a catalytic element,
or with an arrangement involving a chemical reaction other than
combustion. |
|
| | |
| 32 | Total radiant energy or power measurement |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Total radiant energy or power measurement: Subject matter
for determining the total energy or power produced by a source of
radiation.
| | (1)
Note. Microwave, other radio wave, X-ray and gamma ray radiation
are excluded from this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,
subclasses 213+ for a radiant energy sensing thermocouple. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for measurement of intensity or
amplitude of an incident beam of radiant energy. |
|
| | |
| 34 | With controlled adiabatic shield: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter including an element in thermally conductive
relation to the sample container and an arrangement to maintain
the temperature of the element equal to that of the test location
by heating or cooling the element so as to prevent heat flow between
the element and the container. |
| | |
| 35 | Heat absorbing high temperature gas probe (e.g., enthalpy
or fluid cooled probe): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter for making a measurement of a thermal parameter
of a hot gas including transfer of heat energy from the hot gas
to a measuring element.
| | (1)
Note. The terms "hot" or "high
temperature" to describe the gas are each intended to specify
that the absolute temperature of the probe is very small compared
to that of the gas. |
| | (2)
Note. Included herein are enthalpy probes and probes with
a fluid coolant therein. | |
| | |
| 37 | Having specified control of input of mixture: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter having a structural detail of an adjustment
of the amount of air or fuel admitted to the combustion location.
| | (1)
Note. The adjustment may be responsive to the temperature
of the combustion exhaust fluid. | |
| | |
| 38 | Having bomb or cartridge ignition chamber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter including a container resistant to high pressure
produced by rapid ignition of the tested material.
| | (1)
Note. The ignition chamber is often immersed in a liquid,
or includes and electrically operated igniting element. | |
| | |
| 40 | Determined by combining flow rate and temperature signals
of heat exchange fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter including sensing of the flow rate and a
temperature of the heat exchange fluid and combining signals representative thereof
to produce a signal representing heat gain or loss.
| | (1)
Note. The temperature signal is often representative of the
differential temperature of the fluid prior to and following heat
exchange with the heat utilizing device. | |
| | |
| 41 | Signals combined electrically: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the temperature and flow rate are
each sensed to produce an electrical signal and the signals are
electrically combined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 702, | Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclasses 130 through 136for significant data processing temperature measuring
system. |
|
| | |
| 42 | Throttling calorimeter (e.g., steam quality): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter for measuring a heat energy property of a
gas or vapor including flow of the gas or vapor through a restriction
as part of the measurement.
| | (1)
Note. Such devices are often used to determine "steam
quality" which is the fraction of moisture in the liquid
state carried by flowing steam. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 23.2 for determination of gas composition, in general. |
|
| | |
| 43 | DETERMINATION OF INHERENT THERMAL PROPERTY (E.G., HEAT FLOW
COEFFICIENT): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for ascertaining a specimen"s ability
to transmit, transfer, retard, or spread heat and which includes
heating or cooling of a portion of the specimen.
| | (1)
Note. Properties determined by such a measurement include
thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, or heat transfer coefficient. |
| | (2)
Note. Measurement of specific heat is made by calorimetry. | |
| | |
| 44 | Thermal conductivity: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter for determining the coefficient of heat flow
per unit area with respect to the temperature gradient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 29, | for determining heat flux, per se. |
|
| | |
| 45 | THERMAL TESTING OF A NONTHERMAL QUANTITY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for performing a measurement or test of other
than a thermal quantity either (1) with a specified thermal condition,
or (2) to ascertain the dependence of the quantity upon a thermal
condition.
| | (1)
Note. The thermal condition is usually temperature or heat. |
| | (2)
Note. Nominal recitation of thermal recitation combined with
a test classified elsewhere is classified with the other test. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 151.4 , 154.6, and 155.6 for metal casting apparatus which
may detect a non-thermal condition using a thermal sensor. |
|
| | |
| 47 | Cyclic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the loading is repeatedly varied
during the test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 808+ for testing a specimen by applying a cyclic load,
in general. |
|
| | |
| 48 | Torsional: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the repetitive loading tends to twist
the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 814 for testing by cyclic application of a torsional
load, in general. |
|
| | |
| 49 | Tensile: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the loading is a pull tending to
stretch the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 826+ for tensile testing, in general. |
|
| | |
| 51 | Compressional: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the load tends to squeeze the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 818 for compressional testing, in general. |
|
| | |
| 52 | Bending or flexing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the test specimen has a long axis
which the load tends to deform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 849 for testing by bending or flexing, in general. |
|
| | |
| 53 | Of cure or hardenability: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter wherein the nonthermal quantity is either
the degree of polymerization of a polymerizable substance, or the
depth to which a hardening of an outer layer of metal extends.
| | (1)
Note. The hardening of a layer of metal is often produced
by quenching. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 47+, | for determination of cure by cyclic loading. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 78+ for hardness testing, in general; and subclasses
808+ for testing by cyclic loading, in general. |
|
| | |
| 56 | Including electrical sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter including a deformation responsive electrical
sensing element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 763+ for electrical deformation measurement, in general. |
|
| | |
| 57 | Of susceptibility to thermally induced deterioration, flaw,
or failure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter for determining the properties of a specimen
with respect to breakdown of structural integrity or of degeneration
of a characteristic by heating or cooling of the specimen.
| | (1)
Note. Such determination may further include application
of other energy (e.g., radiation) to the specimen. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 4+, | for determination of an existing flaw. |
|
| | |
| 100 | TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (E.G., THERMOMETER): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for making a quantitative determination of
a temperature, or of a temperature-related parameter which is not
otherwise classifiable.
| | (1)
Note. The term "quantitative" requires
a numerical result of more than two values. |
| | (2)
Note. The term "temperature-related parameter" is
a quantity having a value that is a function of plural temperatures, or
of temperature and another variable and not elsewhere classified,
see subclasses 101+ below. |
| | (3)
Note. A device providing the temperature determination is
often designated as a "thermometer" or pyrometer",
both terms being used in this class. |
| | (4)
Note. In this and indented subclasses the term "sensing" will
denote the immediate effect of a parameter and the term "indicating" will
denote the creation of a humanly perceptible action. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31+, | for a calorimeter including a thermometer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 25+ for thermal gas analysis, subclasses 75 and 77
for a thermal moisture content determination; subclasses 152.12+ for
strata identification by thermal measurements in a bore hole; and
subclass 295 for a thermal measurement to determine liquid level. |
|
| | |
| 101 | Composite temperature-related parameter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the quantitative determination is
a continuous function of plural temperatures, or of temperature,
and at least one other variable and which function is not otherwise
classifiable.
| | (1)
Note. The other variable may include time, radiation, etc. | |
| | |
| 104 | Peak (maximum or minimum) with respect to time: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein the determination is of a temperature
having a value, or difference in value from a reference temperature
exceeding all other such temperatures during a measuring interval.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 111, | for a determination of the highest or lowest of
plural spaced apart temperatures. |
|
| | |
| 105 | Indicating tube with sensing material return prevention: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the determination is made by an indicating
tube type thermometer with an irregularity in its axial bore between the
bulb and scale of the thermometer so as to prevent the expansible
material therein from returning to the bulb.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 192, | for an indicating tube thermometer with a holder
for shaking. |
|
| | |
| 106 | Permanent visual indication (i.e., irreversible): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the determination is made using an
arrangement which changes with a change in temperature in only one
direction, i.e. restoring the temperature to its initial value does
not restore the arrangement to its original condition.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are arrangements having color change,
fusible, or diffusion properties. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 160, | for a reversible fusible thermometer. |
| 161+, | for a reversible optical property thermometer. |
|
| | |
| 108 | Degree-days: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein the composite function is the product
of the difference of the temperature from a reference temperature
and the number of days elapsed.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter herein generally includes a clock
running at a rate dependent upon the outdoor temperature difference
below a reference temperature. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109, | for a climate related composite thermal measurement,
in general. |
|
| | |
| 109 | Climate related (e.g., wind-chill factor, discomfort index): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter wherein the composite function is related
to atmospheric conditions.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are such quantities as wind-chill factor
and discomfort index. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 108, | for a degree-day measurement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 170.01+ for nonthermal meteorological measurement; and
subclasses 335.08+ for wet and dry thermal sensors to determine
atmospheric humidity. |
|
| | |
| 110 | Plural spaced temperature function: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter wherein the quantitative determination is
a single function of the temperatures of plural spaced-apart points.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124, | for a temperature distribution display by thermal
radiation. |
| 137, | for temperature distribution or profile. |
|
| | |
| 111 | Highest or lowest of spaced temperatures: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the resultant measurement is the
highest or lowest temperature at several points.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 104+, | for a determination of the maximum or minimum temperature
during a time interval. |
|
| | |
| 112 | Difference or gradient: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the resultant measurement is the
difference between the temperatures at two of the spaced-apart points
or the ratio of such a difference to the distance between the two
points. |
| | |
| 114 | By current modifying elements in circuit (e.g., bridge): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter having plural elements with a temperature-dependent
impedance and so connected between a power source and output so as
to produce a signal related to the temperature difference at the
output.
| | (1)
Note. A bride having such sensing impedance elements in adjacent
arms is classified in this subclass. | |
| | |
| 115 | Space average: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the resultant measurement is the
summation of temperatures at the spaced apart points divided by
the summation of said points.
| | (1)
Note. In this definition, the term "summation" includes
integration over a continuous path as well as discrete additive summation
so as to include averages over continuous as well as discrete measurement
points. | |
| | |
| 117 | By a vibratory effect (e.g., resonant frequency, acoustical): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the temperature is determined by
a parameter of a mechanical vibration.
| | (1)
Note. The mechanical vibration may be an acoustical wave. |
| | (2)
Note. The parameter may be the frequency of mechanical or
acoustic resonance of an element. |
| | (3)
Note. A temperature-responsive crystal controlling an oscillator
in a thermometer is classified herein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 163+, | for other thermometers having an oscillator, particularly
170+, for digital output thermometers. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 570+ for testing by, or measurement or testing of, vibratory
waves. |
| 331, | Oscillators,
subclass 66 for a temperature controlled oscillator absent
an indicating arrangement. |
|
| | |
| 118 | Resonant frequency by fluid flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter wherein the temperature is determined by
the frequency of mechanical or acoustical resonance measured by
fluid flow.
| | (1)
Such elements are often resonating chamber devices. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 135, | for temperature measurement by fluid flow other
than by resonant vibration production. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 116, | Signals and Indicators,
subclass 137 for fluid flow acoustical generators, in general. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 804+ for fluidic oscillators absent an indicating arrangement. |
|
| | |
| 119 | Vibration velocity (e.g., echo timing): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter wherein the temperature is determined by
the speed of a mechanical wave.
| | (1)
Note. the resonant frequency of a fixed wavelength element,
although inherently a measure of vibration velocity, is classified
in subclasses 117 and 118 above, without cross-reference to this
subclass in the absence of a nonresonant variant of velocity determination. | |
| | |
| 121 | By thermally emitted radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein the temperature of a specimen is
measured by measuring a parameter of the thermal radiation emitted
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,
subclasses 213+ for a thermoelectric sensor for a thermoelectric radiation
pyrometer absent processing and indicating circuitry. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 338+ for infrared radiation responsive circuitry absent
a temperature indication. |
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 43+ for a pyrometer specifically limited to the optical
wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
|
| | |
| 122 | By microwave arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the radiation measurement is performed
directly by microwave signal processing components (e.g., waveguides).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 343, | Communications: Radio Wave,
subclass 100 for measurement of microwave radiation intensity,
in general. |
|
| | |
| 123 | Transparent material measurement or compensation (e.g.,
spectral line, gas, particulate suspension): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter including compensation for radiation transmitted
through or blocked from the thermally emitting material.
| | (1)
Note. Measurements involving spectral line intensity or inversion,
as well as reference emitters from transparency compensation are
classified herein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129, | for radiation thermometers with reference standards,
in general. |
| 161+, | for temperature measurement involving a change in
an optical property, absent evaluation of thermally emitted radiation. |
|
| | |
| 124 | With scanning or temperature distribution display: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the thermally emitted radiation from
adjacent points of the emitting object is successively evaluated
or wherein the quantitative or continuous variation of surface temperature
is displayed in relationship to the points thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 348, | Television,
subclasses 164+ for infrared radiation responsive television, in general. |
|
| | |
| 125 | With fluid flow purging device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter having an arrangement to produce a stream
of fluid flowing past at least one element of a radiation analyzing
arrangement in order to remove from the element, or the path between
the element and the emitting object, particulate or other undesired
material.
| | (1)
Note. The element is often an optical element (e.g., lens
or window). |
| | (2)
Note. The fluid stream usually has an incidental cooling
effect. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements,
subclass 509 , for fluid stream particle control for optical
elements, in general. |
|
| | |
| 126 | Having emissivity compensating or specified radiating surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter including an arrangement to provide, or to
compensate for departure from, a fourth power dependence of the
emitted radiation on the absolute temperature, or from the amount
of radiation emitted by a completely black surface with an emissivity
of one.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are blackened surfaces or cavities
contacting the material the temperature of which is being measured. | |
| | |
| 127 | Having significant frequency limitation or relationship
(e.g., peak, ratio): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter including a particular feature of the frequency
of the thermal radiation, or a portion thereof, sensed to perform
the temperature determination.
| | (1)
Note. The sensed parameter is often the intensity of the
radiation at a given frequency. |
| | (2)
Note. Included herein are ratio pyrometer, devices determining
the frequency of peak intensity, and devices having sensors with
different frequency-intensity characteristics. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 45 for a plural color responsive optical pyrometer. |
|
| | |
| 129 | Comparison with radiation reference standard: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter including an arrangement for comparing the
thermally emitted radiation to be measured with radiation from a
reference emitter the radiation from which has a predetermined relationship
to the emitter temperature.
| | (1)
Note. Such emitters often have a high emissivity factor (E1),
and include blackened elements and blackbody cavity radiators. |
| | (2)
Note. Comparison arrangement may include choppers alternating
the measured and reference radiation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 2, | for a reference radiating device which is not a
part of a radiation thermometer. |
| 126, | for radiation temperature measuring with increasing
the emissivity of the thermally emitting surface. |
|
| | |
| 130 | Optical system structure (e.g., lens): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter including a specific limitation of an element
which changes the direction of the radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 359, | Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements, appropriate subclasses for optical modifying elements
and systems, in general. |
|
| | |
| 131 | With radiation conducting element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter including a generally elongate element for
conducting radiation from one end to the other within the confines
of the outer surface of the elongate element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 44 for similar subject matter using radiation limited
to the visual spectrum. |
| 385, | Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses, for light conducting elements, in
general. |
|
| | |
| 133 | Ambient temperature compensated (e.g., dummy sensor): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter having an arrangement to eliminate any effects
caused by the temperature of the surroundings of the radiation sensor.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are arrangements with an additional
radiation sensor not exposed to the radiation to cancel the temperature
effects on the radiation receiving sensor. | |
| | |
| 134 | Extrapolation (e.g., simulation, heat flow): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein the temperature at a location is
measured by measuring temperature or heat flow at a point spaced
from the location.
| | (1)
Note. The desired location is often inaccessible for measurement. |
| | (2)
Note. Included herein are temperature and heat flow simulation
or analog arrangement. |
| | (3)
Note. Included herein are article simulation arrangements,
such as dummy cans, to determine temperature of the article interior. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 29+, | for heat flux measurement, per se. |
|
| | |
| 136 | Geophysical (e.g., well bore, underwater): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter for temperature determination beneath the
surface of the earth or of a body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109, | for plural or composite atmospheric temperature
measurement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 152.12+ for borehole formation logging by making a thermal
measurement, subclass 152.33 for thermal rate of fluid flow measuring
in a borehole; and subclasses 170.01+ for measurement of
oceanos:graphic or atmospheric phenomena, in general. |
|
| | |
| 137 | Temperature distribution or profile: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter for determination of the temperature along
a path or on a surface and displaying in substantially continuous
form the temperature at each point of the path or surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124, | for similar subject matter using thermally emitted
radiation. |
| 136, | for similar subject matter particularly adapted
for utility in geophysical measurement. |
|
| | |
| 138 | With fluid flow deflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter for measuring temperature of a flowing fluid
which includes a deflector of the fluid.
| | (1)
Note. An example would be a deflector to suppress the effect
of a boundary layer of fluid upon a temperature sensing element. | |
| | |
| 139 | Of molten metal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the sensor contacts a molten metal
bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 26, | for transformation point determination of molten
metal. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 4 and 150.1 for a process and apparatus, respectively,
for metal casting or mold making combined with condition indication. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus,
subclass 87 for metal treating apparatus combined with a temperature
sensor. |
|
| | |
| 140 | Lance (e.g., consumable): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the sensing arrangement includes
an elongate housing containing a temperature sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,
subclass 234 for a thermocouple molten metal lance having a covered
and sealed sensing junction. |
|
| | |
| 141 | Combined with diverse art device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter having significant temperature measuring
detail combined with a device having another utility.
| | (1)
Note. Where significant detail of the other device additional
to that above is claimed such a combination is classifiable with
the other device and should be cross-referenced herein. |
| | (2)
Note. The term "another utility" refers to
a function which would still be performed if the temperature measurement limitations
were removed, thus supports or viewing devices are not considered
as having other utility. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 191, | for an indicating tube thermometer with a viewing
element. |
| 194, | for an indicating tube thermometer with a particular
support. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 277, | Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process,
subclass 319 for a seal combined with a fluid temperature indicator,
sampler or inspection feature. |
| 313, | Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 10 for an electric lamp or tube having a thermometer combined
therewith. |
| 362, | Illumination,
subclasses 23+ , particularly subclass 25 for an illuminating device
for a thermometer. |
|
| | |
| 142 | With other measuring device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter combined with a device for making a quantitative
determination of a parameter other than temperature.
| | (1)
Note. The combination must make distinct determinations of
the temperature and another parameter. See (2) Note in section
II of the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101+, | for a single resultant indication of temperature
and another condition. |
|
| | |
| 143 | Pressure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein the other measuring device provides
quantitative determination of fluid pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 384+ for barometers; and subclasses 700+ for
fluid pressure measurement, in general. |
|
| | |
| 144 | With combustion engine: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the other device is a mechanical
energy producer operating by combustion.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes a combination with either an
internal or an external combustion engine. | |
| | |
| 145 | Cooling system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein the temperature of the system for
removing heat from the engine is determined.
| | (1)
Note. Such systems are often of the fluid circulation type. | |
| | |
| 148 | Sensor within conduit: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein a thermometer sensing element or
cover therefor protrudes within the conduit.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are sensor wells into which temperature
sensors may be placed. | |
| | |
| 150 | With bottle (e.g., nursing): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the device of other utility is a
container for liquid storage.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are infant feeding bottles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 215, | Bottles and Jars,
subclass 11 for nursing bottle structure. |
|
| | |
| 152 | With electrical component (e.g., transformer): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the other device is a current handling
component of an electric circuit.
| | (1)
Note. Examples of such components are transformers, inductors,
etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 93.6 for safety and protection arrangements for electrical components
including transformer sensor. |
|
| | |
| 155 | With piercing element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the diverse art device is an object
penetrating element to enable interior temperature measurements
of objects.
| | (1)
Note. A piercing element integral with a temperature probe
is considered to have independent utility whether or not explicitly
disclosed. | |
| | |
| 156 | With float: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the diverse art device is a buoyant
element which supports the thermometer in spaced relation to a liquid
surface.
| | (1)
Note. The buoyant action of a float is considered to make
the float a device of independent utility, rather than a static support
excluded from subclass 141 and its indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 322.5 for a float, per se. |
|
| | |
| 157 | With sampling cup: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the diverse art device is a holder
or container for obtaining a volume of material being measured.
| | (1)
Note. The temperature sensor may extend into the material
within the sampler. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 140, | for such a device in a molten metal lance. |
|
| | |
| 158 | With removable cover for sensor (e.g., disposable sheath): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including an element particularly adapted
to fit over a temperature sensor during a measurement.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are also probecover subcombinations
not elsewhere classifiable. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209, | for removable probe covers, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,
subclasses 230+ for a thermocouple probe combined with a disposable
sheath. |
| 206, | Special Receptacle or Package,
subclass 306 for thermometer cases for storage, and for a package
of disposable sheaths. |
| 338, | Electrical Resistors,
subclasses 28+ for a resistance thermometer probe combined with
a disposable sheath. |
|
| | |
| 159 | Nonelectrical, nonmagnetic, or nonmechanical temperature
responsive property: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the temperature is determined by
a change in a property of a sensing element and which property is
other than magnetic, electrical, or mechanical.
| | (1)
Note. The term "mechanical" refers specifically
to temperature dependent expansion or contraction. |
| | (2)
Note. Such a property could include an optical property,
luminescence, sorbtion, or a change of state. | |
| | |
| 161 | Change of optical property: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the radiation transmission or reflection
of the sensor changes.
| | (1)
Note. Such a property would be translucence or polarization. | |
| | |
| 163 | By electrical or magnetic heat sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including an element having a temperature
responsive variation in an electrical or magnetic property thereof
and an arrangement providing a quantitative indication from the
variation.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this and its indented subclasses is circuitry
peculiar to temperature measurement and not provided for elsewhere. |
| | (2)
Note. Sensor structure, per se, is classified with the particular
element structure (e.g. resistor, magnet, etc.). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 188, | for a thermometer having a mechanical sensor and
an electrical indicator. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 257, | Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes),
subclasses 53 through 56, 108, 414, and 467-470 for such devices used as
temperature responsive devices, subclass 295 for insulated gate
field effect devices with a ferroelectric layer, and subclasses
421-427 for magnetic field responsive devices. |
|
| | |
| 164 | With preheated sensing probe: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter included a housing having the thermal sensing
element and an element for heating the housing to assist in the
temperature determination.
| | (1)
Note. The heating is particularly to assist in the temperature
measurement as, for example, to heat the probe to a nominal expected
temperature. Heating of more general utility is classified in the appropriate
class. | |
| | |
| 166 | At plural zones: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter having plural sensors at different locations
for distinct temperature measurements of the several locations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 110+, | for a single function of plural spaced temperatures. |
|
| | |
| 167 | Scanning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including successive connection of the sensors
of each location with the temperature measuring arrangement. |
| | |
| 168 | With self-rebalancing arrangement (e.g., servo-potentiometer,
thermal link): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter including an electric circuit with an output
which may be balanced by a variable signal which is controlled by
the output, and which variable signal is utilized as a measure of
the magnitude of the sensor output.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are servo-potentiometer and thermal
links for rebalancing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 318, | Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 641 for a thermally controlled rebalancing bridge not
specifically including an indicator. |
|
| | |
| 169 | With thermal lag compensation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter including an arrangement to permit the indication
of the measured temperature prior to the sensor reaching the measured temperature. |
| | |
| 170 | Digital output: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter including production of a pulse group in
accordance with the sensed temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 117, | for similar subject matter where the signal is produced
by a vibratory effect. |
|
| | |
| 171 | With digital linearizing circuitry: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter having electrical pulse or digital processing
circuitry to modify the pulse group content in accordance with the
value represented thereby in order to provide an output which is
a linear function of the sensed temperature.
| | (1)
Note. The modification is generally the inverse function
of the signal relationship to the temperature. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 172+, | for response linearizing circuitry other than digital. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 341, | Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclass 140 for an analog to digital converter circuit with
transducer output linearization. |
| 377, | Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclasses 27+ for similar subject matter including detailed structure
of output counters. |
|
| | |
| 172 | With compensation for sensor nonlinearity or lead impedance: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter having circuitry to modify the signal representing
the sensed temperature to form a signal which is linearly related
to the sensed temperature, or which is independent of the impedance
of leads connecting the sensor to the other circuit elements.
| | (1)
Note. The signal modification for linearizing is generally
the function inverse to the sensor temperature response. |
| | (2)
Note. The signal modification for impedance compensation
may include three or more leads to a two terminal sensor, or separable
(e.g. by polarity) signals energizing the sensor. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171, | for such linearization by digital processing circuitry. |
|
| | |
| 174 | By conductive fluid or work function within sensor (e.g.,
ionization): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein the thermal sensor includes an envelope
having a fluid or a vacuum therein, and electrodes to provide an
electric current or space discharge therein, the temperature being
determined by its effect on the discharge.
| | (1)
Note. The temperature effect may be produced by variation
in work function, ionization, or thermoelectric potential. | |
| | |
| 177 | Ferroelectric: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the sensor has a spontaneous electrical
polarization.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein is an electret sensor in a thermometer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 307, | Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 400 for electrets, per se. |
|
| | |
| 179 | By thermoelectric potential generator (e.g., thermocouple): |
| | Subject matter 163 wherein the element produces a temperature-dependent
potential as a result of physical contact between two materials
having different thermoelectric potentials at the measurement location.
| | (1)
Note. These are usually of the thermocouple type. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 136, | Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,
subclasses 200+ for thermocouples or thermal batteries, per se. |
| 322, | Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclasses 33+ for a system including a thermal condition controlled
generator or driving means therefor. |
|
| | |
| 181 | Reference junction compensation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter having a reference junction complementary
to the measuring junction, and an arrangement to modify the output
signal to eliminate the effect of temperature variation on the reference
junction. |
| | |
| 183 | By current modifying sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein the sensor has a temperature-responsive
variation in electrical impedance from which the temperature determination
is obtained.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are circuitry
arrangements not specifically provided for in subclasses 164-182. | |
| | |
| 184 | Reactive element (e.g., capacitive): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein the temperature is sensed by a variation
in the ratio of the voltage drop across the sensor to the quadrature
current through the sensor.
| | (1)
Note. Systems having capacitive or inductive sensors are
classified herein. | |
| | |
| 185 | Detail of resistive sensor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter including significant structure of a resistive
sensing element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 338, | Electrical Resistors,
subclasses 25+ for resistance temperature sensors, per se. |
|
| | |
| 186 | With specified recording arrangement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter having structure for generating a permanent
or semi-permanent record of the measured temperature.
| | (1)
Note. A temperature measuring device including only nominal
recitation of a recorder will be classified according to the temperature
measuring structure. |
| | (2)
Note. The record may be a visible representation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 346, | Recorders,
subclasses 33+ for recorders responsive to temperature. |
|
| | |
| 187 | Mechanical (e.g., expansion or contraction of material): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the quantitative temperature determination
is given by a variation of force, position, or motion caused by
a variation in a temperature-responsive mechanical property of a
sensing material.
| | (1)
Note. Such mechanical properties include expansion or contraction. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclasses 516+ for expansion and contraction power plants. |
|
| | |
| 188 | Having electrical indication: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter having electrical measurement of the mechanical
variation to produce an electrical current for temperature determination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 163+, | for temperature determination by directly sensing
a thermally variable electrical sensor parameter. |
|
| | |
| 189 | Plural zones (e.g., indoor-outdoor): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter including plural distinct temperature measurements
at distinct locations.
| | (1)
Note. The several indications of the measurements may be
displayed at a single station. |
| | (2)
Note. Included herein are coupled displays of indoor and
outdoor temperature. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 110+, | for a single function of plural spaced temperatures. |
| 166+, | for similar subject matter utilizing an electrical
or magnetic heat sensor. |
|
| | |
| 190 | Indicating tube type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the expansion of a sensing or indicating
material is visible through a transparent tube.
| | (1)
Note. The tube or its mounting usually has a graduated scale
to provide a numerical indication. |
| | (2)
Note. Although the material is usually a liquid, use of a
gas or a semisolid material is included herein. | |
| | |
| 191 | With optical element (e.g., magnifying): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter combined with a distinct arrangement for
optically modifying the temperature indication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 193, | for an indicating tube itself shaped so as to form
an optical element. |
|
| | |
| 192 | With holder for shaking: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter having an arrangement to assist in returning
an expanded portion of the sensing material back to a reference
or storage position.
| | (1)
Note. The reference or storage position usually refers to
an enlarged bulb at the sensing portion of the thermometer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 335.09 for whirling psychrometers (i.e., wet and dry built
thermometers mounted to be whirled on a support to cause wet bulb
evaporation. |
|
| | |
| 193 | Having specified cross-section: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter wherein the cross-section configuration of
the transparent tube is particularly described.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes a transparent indicating tube
shaped so as to form an optical element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 191, | for an indicating tube thermometer having a distinct
optical element. |
|
| | |
| 194 | With support or housing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter combined with a particular mounting or enclosing
arrangement for the thermometer.
| | (1)
Note. Such structure having any additional function than
support or housing for the thermometer is classified in subclasses
141+, above. | |
| | |
| 195 | With detail of motion transmitting mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter having significant detail of a mechanism
for transmitting motion from a sensing element to an indicating
element.
| | (1)
Note. The term "mechanism" requires at least
two relatively moving elements. | |
| | |
| 197 | With compensation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter having an arrangement to vary the indication
in response to a condition other than the measured temperature. |
| | |
| 198 | With adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter having an arrangement to modify the temperature
indication.
| | (1)
Note. Such adjustment is often performed manually. | |
| | |
| 200 | Adjustment of limit stop: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter including an adjustable element for limiting
thermally caused motion of the temperature sensor.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are screw-threaded stop elements. | |
| | |
| 201 | Expanding fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter using the temperature responsive expansion
or contraction of a confined fluid to determine temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 190+, | for an indicating tube-type thermometer with an
expanding fluid therein. |
|
| | |
| 202 | With distinct pressure transmitting fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter having a solid force transmitting element
applying pressure on a second confined fluid in response to the
pressure of the sensing fluid, which second fluid pressure is measured
to provide the temperature determination. |
| | |
| 203 | Bourdon tube or bellows: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter wherein the fluid is confined to an elastic
tube having either (1) a flexible corrugated wall, or (2) a curved
or twisted configuration such that an increase of fluid pressure tends
to straighten the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclass 729.1 for pressure measurement by a bellow; and subclass
732 for pressure measurement by a Bourdon tube. |
|
| | |
| 204 | Multiple distinct sensing elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter having a sensor including two or more separate
elements cooperating to increase the mechanical variation causing
indication.
| | (1)
Note. The separate sensing elements are located at a single
location to increase the effect of temperature change. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 110+, | for a single function of plural sensors in different
locations. |
| 189, | for a mechanical thermometer indicating the temperatures
at different locations. |
|
| | |
| 206 | Coil: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter in which the sensing element is continuously
curved so as to form a spiral having plural turns. |
| | |
| 207 | Helix: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein the spiral element extends in the
direction of it"s axis of symmetry. |
| | |
| 208 | HOUSING, SUPPORT, OR ADJUNCT: |
| | Subject matter particularly adapted for enclosing, protecting,
holding or otherwise perfecting subject matter classified in this
class, but not of itself performing a measurement or test, and not
elsewhere classified.
| | (1)
Note. A thermal measuring or testing arrangement including
a housing, support or adjunct is classified in the appropriate preceding
subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 12+, | for detail of sample holder in a differential thermal
analysis arrangement. |
| 38, | for calorimetric heat value ignition chamber detail. |
| 192, | for detail of a holder combined with thermometer. |
| 194, | for detail of a support or housing combined with
thermometer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, for an instrument casing for a measuring device, in
general. |
|
| | |
| 209 | Removable probe cover: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter drawn to an element particularly adapted
to fit over a temperature sensor during measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 158, | for the combination of a cover and a thermometer
or thermometer probe. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 206, | Special Receptacle or Package,
subclass 306 for a thermometer storage package. |
|
| | |
| 210 | MISCELLANEOUS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter not classifiable in any of the preceding
subclasses. |
| | |
E-SUBCLASSES
The E-subclasses in U.S. Class 374 provide for calorimetric
devices and methods and devices and methods for testing or calibrating
calorimetric devices. They also provide for thermometers, details
and adaptations of thermometers, and devices and methods for testing
or calibrating thermometers
| E1.001 | DETAILS OF THERMOMETERS NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PARTICULAR
TYPES OF THERMOMETER (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for thermometer details of general
utility. This subclass is substantially the same in scope as ECLA
classification G01K1/00.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E7.042, | for circuits for reducing thermal inertia. |
|
| | |
| E3.001 | THERMOMETERS GIVING RESULTS OTHER THAN MOMENTARY VALUE OF
TEMPERATURE (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides forthermometers which indicate
a specific temperature or a relative temperature. This subclass
is substantially the same in scope as ECLA classification G01K3/00. |
| | |
| E5.001 | MEASURING TEMPERATURE BASED ON THE EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION
OF A MATERIAL (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for temperature indicators responsive
to the expansion or contraction of a material caused by a temperature change.
This subclass is substantially the same in scope as ECLA classification
G01K5/00.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E3.001, | for temperature indicators giving other than momentary
value of temperature. |
| E11.004, | for temperature indicators of vapor arising from
a liquid. |
|
| | |
| E5.002 | The material being a liquid (EPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass E5.001. This subclass is substantially the same in scope as ECLA
classification G01K5/02.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E5.019, | for similar subject matter wherein the material
is contained in a hollow body having parts which are deformable
or displaceable under the pressure developed by the material. |
|
| | |
| E5.017 | The material being a gas (EPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass E5.001. This subclass is substantially the same in scope as ECLA
classification G01K5/28.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E5.019, | for similar subject matter in which the material
is contained in a hollow body having parts which are deformable
or displaceable under the pressure developed by the material. |
|
| | |
| E7.001 | MEASURING TEMPERATURE BASED ON THE USE OF ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC
ELEMENTS DIRECTLY SENSITIVE TO HEAT (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for devices or methods for measuring
temperatures using sensing elements having an electrical or magnetic
property which is varied by heat. This subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA classification G01K7/00.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E3.001, | for temperature indicators giving results other
than momentary value of temperature. |
|
| | |
| E9.001 | MEASURING TEMPERTURE BASED ON MOVEMENTS CAUSED BY REDISTRIBUTION
OF WEIGHT, E.G., TILTING THERMOMETER ETC. (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for temperature indicators responsive
to a redistribution of weight caused by a change of temperature.
This subclass is substantially the same in scope as ECLA classification
G01K9/00.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E3.001, | for temperature indicators not giving momentary
value of temperature. |
|
| | |
| E11.001 | MEASURING TEMPERATURE BASED UPON PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGES
NOT COVERED BY ANY OF THE PRECEDING SUBCLASSES (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for temperature indicators responsive
to a physical or chemical change caused by a temperature change
and not provided for in any of the preceding subclasses. This subclass
is substantially the same in scope as ECLA classification G01K11/00. |
| | |
| E13.001 | ADAPTATIONS OF THERMOMETERS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for indicating devices designed
for specific uses or environments. This subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA classification G01K13/00. |
| | |
| E15.001 | TESTING OR CALIBRATING OF THERMOMETERS (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides fordevices or methods for testing
or calibrating temperature measuring devices. This subclass is
substantially the same in scope as ECLA classification G01K15/00. |
| | |
| E17.001 | MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for devices or methods for measuring
the amount of heat produced or absorbed by chemical reactions or
by physical changes or for measuring heat capacity. This subclass
is substantially the same in scope as ECLA classification G01K17/00.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| E3.001, | to E11.001, for measuring temperature by calorimetry. |
|
| | |
| E17.006 | Calorimeters using compensation methods (EPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass E17.001. This subclass is substantially the same in scope as ECLA
classification G01K17/04.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass covers calorimetry in which the absorbed
or released quantity of heat to be measured is compensated by a
measured quantity of heating or cooling. | |
| | |
| E19.001 | TESTING OR CALIBRATING CALORIMETER (EPO): |
| | This main subclass provides for devices or methods for testing
or calibrating calorimeters. This subclass is substantially the
same in scope as ECLA classification G01K19/00. |
| | |
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CLASS 374,