SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is the generic class for (1) hazardous or toxic waste destruction
by any means to include, heating, chemical action, or the interaction
with any form of radiation; (2) permanent containment of hazardous
or toxic waste by methods to include storage in a simple container,
solidification, vitrification, cementation, and more elaborate methods
of storage such as marine, tetonic, or extraterrestrial storage;
(3) hazardous or toxic waste conversion by any means (e.g., chemical,
physical, etc.) to an environmentally safe substance; and (4) preparation
for destruction or containment as well as the actual destruction
or containment.
| | (1)
Note. Chemical substances that move through commerce and are
used or treated in some useful application are not considered to
be hazardous or toxic waste. These substances may be considered
hazardous or toxic waste in the event they are introduced into the
environment in a manner not consistent with their intended utility. |
| | (2)
Note. Waste proper for classification in Class 588 is considered
to be too hazardous or toxic for placement in an ordinary municipal
landfill. |
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Line With Classes Producing Desired Useful Product
A process which produces a desired product for an end use,
e.g., by manufacturing, chemical reaction, or purification etc.,
is classified with the product produced and controls over Class
588 regardless of whether or not a toxic or hazardous waste is destroyed
or contained as part of the process. Class 588 provides for a process which
destroys or contains hazardous or toxic waste and whose products
are intended only to be safely discarded or whose production is
only incidental to the destruction or containment.
Line With Method Classes
Class 588 controls over general method classes for storing
or containing waste which is too hazardous or toxic to be placed
in an ordinary municipal landfill.
Line With Apparatus Classes
This class does not provide for apparatus. Apparatus is classified
based on its function without regard to whether or not hazardous
or toxic waste is the substance acted on. Significant disclosure
to processes of treating hazardous or toxic waste in apparatus patents
may be cross-referenced to Class 588 as appropriate.
Line With Other Classes That Provide for Destroying Hazardous
or Toxic Waste
Class 588 controls over general classes that are only incidental
to the destruction or containment of hazardous or toxic waste.
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for separation of liquid hazardous or toxic waste
from solids and the process of using gases or vapors to contact
solids for the removal of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for a process directed to the production of a combustible
gas from hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Classes Producing
Desired Useful Product). |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for a process which produces elemental metal as a desired
product and which may also destroy hazardous or toxic waste, particularly
subclasses 507 through 584for the methods of adding hazardous or toxic waste
to melting or molten iron and subclasses 585-706 for methods of
adding hazardous or toxic waste to nonferrous metals at above 300°C
(see Line With Classes Producing Desired Useful Product). |
| 86, | Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,
subclass 50 for an apparatus for bomb disposal, or a method
of bomb disposal by detonation (see Line With Apparatus Classes).
This class, 588, takes the chemical destruction of bombs other
than by detonation. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for the production of cement using hazardous or
toxic waste (see Line With Classes Producing Desired Useful Product). |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclasses 235+ for apparatus which may be used for the incineration
of hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Apparatus Classes). |
| 196, | Mineral Oils: Apparatus, for apparatus that may be used in the treating of
hazardous or toxic waste in mineral oils (see Line With Apparatus
Classes). |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for the use of thermolytic processes to destroy
substances other than hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus, for distillation apparatus which may be used in
the treating of hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Apparatus Classes). |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, for separating a liquid mixture with one or more of the components
being hazardous or toxic waste, and
subclasses 95+ for the additional use of water or steam in the
separation. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for the interaction of electrical and wave energy with
hazardous or toxic waste to produce a product (See Line With Classes
Producing Desired Useful Product) and
subclasses 193+ for electrical and wave energy apparatus used in
the treatment of hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Apparatus
Classes). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for the removal of hazardous or toxic substances form mineral
oils, particularly
subclasses 262.1+ for processes of removing halogen contaminants, e.g.,
PCB s from mineral oils (see Line With Classes Producing Desired
Useful Product). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if purified
liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product, the process
is proper for Class 210 (see Line With Classes Producing Desired
Useful Product). |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 625+ for useful products (compositions) that contain
radioactive hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Classes Producing
Desired Useful Product). |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for apparatus which may be used in the treatment
of gas or liquid hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Apparatus
Classes). |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, for means of treating hazardous or toxic substances produced
during the operation of a metallurgical apparatus, particularly
subclasses 144+ for treating gaseous substances and 200+ for
treating liquefied substances (see Line With Apparatus Classes). |
| 373, | Industrial Electrical Heating Furnaces, for electric heating furnaces that may be used in the
treatment of hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Apparatus Classes). |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 128.1 through 128.9for soil remediation involving hazardous or toxic
substances, and subclasses 129.1-129.95 for the deposition of waste,
which is not hazardous or toxic, in an earth formation or the confinement
of such waste in a structure in the earth. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus acting on hazardous or toxic waste for disinfection
or sterilization thereof (see Line With Apparatus Classes). Class
422 provides for processes of destruction of hazardous or toxic
material, such as noxious micro-organisms, by disinfecting or sterilizing
when a desired useful product or article results (i.e., not a waste),
and not elsewhere provided for (see Line With Classes Producing
Desired Useful Product). Class 422,
subclasses 1+ provides for processes of sterilizing wastes (such as
household garbage or waste) not considered hazardous or toxic for
Class 588. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 210 through 215.5for chemically removing, modifying or destroying
a hazardous or toxic component of normally gaseous mixture, except
for the chemical destruction of chemical weapons which may be gas,
which is covered in this Class 588 (see Line With Other Classes
That Provide for Destroying Hazardous or Toxic Waste); and for recovering
inorganic elements or compounds from hazardous or toxic waste (See
Line With Classes Producing Desired Useful Product). |
| 431, | Combustion, for combustion processes for purposes other than
to destroy hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for the methods of making micro-organisms, per se, and
subclass 262.5 for methods of using the micro-organisms to destroy
hazardous or toxic waste (see Line With Other Classes That Provide
for Destroying Hazardous or Toxic Waste). |
| 532, | Organic Compounds, for the production of useful products from hazardous
or toxic waste (see Line With Classes Producing Desired Useful Product). |
| 976, | Nuclear Technology, for the methods and apparatus used in the production
of nuclear fuel, manufacturing of nuclear reactors, and nuclear
technology in general (see Line With Apparatus Classes and Line
With Classes Producing Desired Useful Product). |
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
Terms used throughout the schedule and definitions
are to have the meaning ascribed below. Generally accepted or commonly
used "art" terms retain their meaning found in
their everyday usage and are not found in this glossary. Certain
specialized terms are employed in these subclasses and they have
been given definitions altered to meet the needs of this class.
Some or all of the terms may be broader or more restricted as well
as different in meaning compared to normal usage.
ALKALI METALS
The metal elements in group I of the periodic system consisting
of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs.
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
The metal elements in group II of the periodic system consisting
of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
CATALYST
A substance which either increases or decreases the speed
of a chemical reaction.
CHALCOGEN
Also known as chalcogenides, specifically O, S, Se, or Te.
COMPOSITION
A mixture of material(s) such as elements, compounds, etc.
which materials are not present in a ratio of small whole numbers
based on molar ratios, i.e., mixtures.
COMPOUND
A substance whose molecules consist of unlike atoms, whose
constituents cannot be separated by physical means, whose properties
are entirely different from those of its constituent elements, and
which contains definite proportions of its constituent elements,
depending on their atomic weights.
CONTAINMENT
To hold or enclose totally to prevent any leaching or leaking
of the hazardous or toxic material into the environment, and any
use of a container that is destroyed with the waste.
CONTAMINATE
To make a first substance impure (hazardous
or toxic) by contact with or by the addition of a second or more
substances.
DESTROYING
To convert the hazardous or toxic waste to an environmentally
safe substance to include the steps used to prepare the waste for
destruction as well as the actual destruction.
ENCAPSULATING
To immobilize hazardous or toxic waste materials by any
means to include vitrification, combining with organoclay and mixing,
adding a cement material, or enclosing in a container the hazardous
or toxic waste material. The hazardous or toxic waste material
is held in place and is not permitted to be leached or leaked out
into the environment.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE SUBSTANCE
Is any material that in any of its chemical or physical interactions
with the environment results in no measurable adverse effects or
degradations on the environment.
HALOGENS
The elements (F, Cl,Br, I, or At).
HARMFUL CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE
Harmful chemical substances are chemical waste substances
which are too hazardous or toxic to be discarded in an ordinary
municipal landfill.
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Materials that when present in the environment produce for
man and other living organisms an acute and/or cumulative
effect that is a dangerous, risky, or perilous environmental situation
in so far as the physiological well being of the organism is concerned
(e.g., caustic chemicals, irritants, cancer causing agents, and
other tumor producing materials).
HEAVY METAL
A metal other than the following (light) metals, lithium (Li),
sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium
(Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Beryllium (Be),
Magnesium (Mg), and Aluminum (Al).
IMMOBILIZE
To contain the hazardous or toxic waste by any means that
keeps the hazardous or toxic waste in a matrix or container such
as cement, organoclay, glass, or in an actual physical container.
NOBLE GASES
The elements of the periodic table that consist of He,
Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn which have no valency and combine only with
great difficulty, if at all, with other elements.
INCINERATE
To burn to highly oxidized ashes. The oxidation is chemically
near completion.
LEACHING
The processes of extracting or dissolving a soluble component
from a mixture by contacting the mixture with a solvent, resulting
in dissolution or solution of the solubles and leaving an insoluble
material.
Note. Solution of a substance in a normally solid, molten
material is not considered to be leaching as defined above.
ORGANIC COMPOUND
A compound as defined in the definition of Class 260, Chemistry
of Carbon Compounds as qualified by (34) Note.
ORGANIC METAL CONTAINING COMPOUND
Any carbon containing compound as defined by the definition
of Class 260, in which the carbon compound contains a metal.
RADIOACTIVE
Any element capable of giving off rays or subatomic particles
by spontaneous disintegration. The radioactive elements are usually
those having an atomic number of 84 or greater and the phenomenon
of radioactivity is not affected by chemical or physical influences
or matter adulterated by radioactivity.
RARE EARTHS
The compounds of the elements found on the periodic chart
at atomic numbers 21, 39, or 57-71 inclusive.
SORPTION
The ability of a substance to undergo a surface reaction that
causes that substance to be able to retain other substances, these
other substances are generally gases, liquids, or dissolved materials.
SLUDGE
Residue (usually viscous) from an industrial, home, or agricultural
process which may contain a harmful chemical substance. Examples
of harmful chemical substances are: heavy metals, sulfur compounds, phosphorus
compounds, nitrogen compounds, and halogenated compounds any of
which may be organic.
TOXIC WASTE
Materials that are direct physiological poisons to living organisms
(e.g., pesticides, heavy metal ion solutions, and other organic
and inorganic materials) that are poisonous to life.
VOLATILIZING
Converting a normally solid or liquid material into a
gas or vapor state; mere evaporation of water or other solvents
is included under this definition.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 588 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | DESTRUCTION OR CONTAINMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Product and process wherein radioactive material that is
intended to be disposed of is transformed to a condition facilitating
its destruction or disposal or contained so as to hold or enclose
totally to prevent any leaching or leaking of radioactivity into
the environment. |
| | |
| 2 | By fixation in stable solid media: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the radioactive material is immobilized
in a solid medium.
| | (1)
Note. Immobilization is on either a molecular or particulate
level, the radioactive material permeating or being part of the
whole mass. | |
| | |
| 4 | With additional solid material to enhance fixation of radioactivity: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the concrete, cement containing,
or hydraulically settable composition contains an additional solid
material that enhances retention of the radioactive material to
leaking or leaching.
| | (1)
Note. The additional solid does not participate or influence
the hydraulically settable nature of the solid media. | |
| | |
| 5 | Bituminous: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the solid media is butimen, asphalt,
or tarlike. |
| | |
| 7 | Ion exchange resin: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter wherein the solid media is a solid resin
material with chemically bound ionic groups capable of exchanging
ion with radioactive contaminant ionic groups. |
| | |
| 9 | Clay or clay-like: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the solid media is a fine grained
naturally occurring earthy material or artificial composition having
generally, equivalent chemical and physical properties. |
| | |
| 10 | Ceramic or ceramic-like: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the solid media is an inorganic composition
that is to be hardened by heat treatment or which has been so hardened. |
| | |
| 13 | Ion exchange material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the solid media is a nonresinous
material having the ability or property, of adsorbing or exchanging
cations and/or anions with the radioactive material. |
| | |
| 15 | Metal containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the solid media contains free metal
or combined metal and includes alleys and metal compounds.
| | (1)
Note. Rock and synthetic rock are included in this subclass
because of their mixed metal oxide composition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10, | for similar compositions hardened by heat. |
|
| | |
| 17 | Geological: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the radioactive material containment
is accomplished by placing it in the ground, bore hole, underwater,
or space or orbit. |
| | |
| 18 | Chemical conversion to a table solid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the radioactive material as it occurs
in the waste is chemically converted to a solid that is more readily
disposable; e.g., precipitation as an insoluble solid. |
| | |
| 20 | Treating radioactive liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein liquid, flowable radioactive waste
material is placed in better condition for disposal.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes treatment or slurries or solids
suspended in a liquid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators, for processes of concentrating solids held in solution
or suspension by evaporation of the liquid containing the solids
and isolation of the concentrate obtained. |
|
| | |
| 249 | CONTAINMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein the hazardous or toxic waste is confined
in a permanent facility by means such that the waste is not permitted
to move or migrate from the permanent facility. Additionally, the
hazardous or toxic waste can be contained in a monolithic type structure.
| | (1)
Note. The containment also includes the processes of producing
monoliths which when stored in (moved to) a facility are themselves
nonleaching and in no way enter or contaminate the facility environment
or the outside environment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 53, | Package Making, appropriate subclasses for methods or apparatus
used in package making to contain hazardous or toxic waste, and
for methods of packaging to move hazardous or toxic materials through
commerce where the materials are removed from the container for
subsequent use or treatment. |
| 206, | Special Receptacle or Package,
subclasses 528+ for ampule, capsule, pellet, or granule containing
hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 220, | Receptacles,
subclasses 62.11+ for multilayer barrier structure intended to contain
hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 2 for compacted trash or refuse bundle which may
include hazardous or toxic waste and subclasses 443+ for
asbestos containing articles. |
|
| | |
| 249.5 | Chemical or germ warfare agents, or pathogenic organisms
(e.g., sarin, VX, anthrax, virus, bacteria and medical waste, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Processes wherein a material intended to be employed
as a chemical or germ warfare agent, or a disease causing organism,
is the hazardous or toxic substance which is contained.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 300 | through 320, for the use of a chemical process to stabilize
a substance which is subject to containment, or to destroy a chemical
or germ warfare agent. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 749+ for a chemical treatment process to purify a liquid
to obtain a desired product, e.g., water. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 1 through 43for methods using disinfecting or sterilizing to
destroy micro-organisms other than germ warfare agents. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 235.1 through 239for virus, bacteriophage, composition thereof,
preparation or purification thereof, or production of viral subunits. |
|
| | |
| 250 | Geologic, marine, or extraterrestrial storage and containment
(e.g., tectonic, volcanic, deep natural, manmade earth cavity, submarine
placement sites, lunar, earth orbital, and solar placement, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein the storage or containment of the hazardous
or toxic waste is accomplished by the following methods, e.g.,
descending tetonic plates, active volcanoes, caves, salt caverns,
bore holes, abandoned mines, submarine dumping, earth orbital storage,
lunar storage, and the use of decaying solar orbits to require the
waste to fall into the sun.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 129.1 through 129.95for the deposition of waste, which is not hazardous
or toxic, in an earth formation or the confinement of such waste in
a structure in the earth. |
|
| | |
| 251 | Treating a solid (e.g., clay, slag, spent sorbent, active
carbon, etc.) to prevent gas emissions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Processes wherein solids are treated to prevent the emissions
of hazardous or toxic gas.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein is the treatment of slag heaps to prevent
the emissions of hazardous or toxic gas. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 19+ for the utilization of slag. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 624+ , 714+, and 789+ for utilization
of slag in plastic compositions. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclasses 28 and 36 for ceramic compositions using slag. |
|
| | |
| 252 | Solidification, vitrification, or cementation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Processes wherein containment is accomplished by the use
of solidification, vitrification, or cementation as a means of immobilizing
hazardous or toxic waste.
| | (1)
Note. Solidification included herein is any process that
will produce a solid phase nonleachable product. |
| | (2)
Note. Vitrification included herein is any process that will
produce a solid phase nonleachable glass like noncrystalline product. |
| | (3)
Note. Cementation included herein is any process that will
produce a solid phase nonleachable hydraulic setting product. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 312 | through 320, for the use of a chemical reaction to stabilize
a substance which is subject to solidification, vitrification or
cementation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for the methods of producing
glass. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for alkali metal silicate containing compositions
and subclasses 638+ for inorganic settable ingredient
containing compositions. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 749+ for a chemical treatment process. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclasses 2+ for devitrified glass - ceramics, subclasses 11+ for
glass compositions, and subclass 124 for refractory hydraulic cement
containing compositions. |
|
| | |
| 253 | In situ vitrification: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Processes whereby the melting or sintering to form a glass
or glass like substance is done underground.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein is any process that produces the necessary
conditions for the melting or sintering of a substance to form a
glassy mass under the surface of the earth. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 128.1 for a process or apparatus for soil remediation
wherein the process does not destroy or contain hazardous or toxic
waste; and subclass 258.1 for the treatment of a condition of the
earth not related to remediation, or for the control of an earthen
formation for the purpose of reinforcement or stabilization. |
|
| | |
| 254 | Contains asbestos: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Processes wherein asbestos is present in the hazardous or
toxic material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for compositions containing asbestos. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 153+ for making a paper like product containing asbestos. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclass 167 for treating asbestos. |
|
| | |
| 255 | Polymer or resin containing (e.g., foam, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Processes wherein a polymer or resin is used in the solidification,
vitrification, or cementation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 4+ for encapsulating normally liquid materials. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 212+ for particles, flakes, or granules coated or encapsulated. |
|
| | |
| 256 | Waste contains heavy metals (e.g., fly ash, flue dust,
and incinerator ash): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste contains heavy
metals.
| | (1)
Note. It is assumed that fly ash, flue dust, and incinerator
ash obtained from various sources will contain at least traces of
some heavy metal in the absence of disclosure to the contrary. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 286.1+ for inorganic materials only containing at least
one metal atom and subclass 287.18 for coating or plastic compositions
containing heavy metals. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclass 155 for ceramic compositions composed of waste material. |
|
| | |
| 257 | And confined in a cement type material (e.g., concrete): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Processes wherein waste is used in the production or formulation
of a cement type product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for alkali metal silicate containing subclasses
638+ for inorganic settable ingredient containing, and
subclasses 286.1+ for compositions, coating or plastic
which contain only inorganic materials with at least one metal atom.
Class 588 contains any formulation of the above materials with
hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 266+ for cementitious grouting. |
|
| | |
| 259 | Secondary containment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Processes wherein more than one form of containment is used
(i.e., one form of containment around another form of containment).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 129.1 for subterranean waste disposal, containment, or
treatment; and subclass 266 for cementing. |
|
| | |
| 260 | With sensing, detecting, or monitoring: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Processes wherein the integrity of the containment is observed
by chemical, physical, electrical, or optical methods to sense,
detect, or monitor movement of waste.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 40+ and 52 for leakage testing and subclasses 290+ for
barrel liquid level indicator. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 3.1 through 3.9for selective communication having monitoring in addition
to control. |
|
| | |
| 299 | GERM WARFARE AGENTS DESTROYED: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process wherein a material, e.g. micro-organism, intended
to be employed as a germ warfare agent is the hazardous or toxic
substance destroyed or converted.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes the destruction of micro-organisms
intended to be used in warfare. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249.5, | for processes of storage or containment of chemical
or germ warfare agents. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 110, | Furnaces, for apparatus which may be used to destroy hazardous
or toxic waste. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for the use of thermolytic processes to destroy
substances other than hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for apparatus which may be used in the treatment
of gas or liquid hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, for metallurgical apparatus which could be used to destroy
hazardous or toxic waste, particularly
subclasses 144+ for treating gaseous substances and 200+ for treating
liquefied substances. |
| 373, | Industrial Electrical Heating Furnaces, for electric heating furnaces that may be used to
destroy hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, for the methods and apparatus used in destroying
micro-organisms other than germ warfare agents. |
| 431, | Combustion, for combustion processes for purposes other than
to destroy hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclass 262.5 for methods of using the micro-organisms to destroy
hazardous or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 300 | PROCESSES FOR MAKING HARMFUL CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES HARMLESS, OR
LESS HARMFUL, BY EFFECTING A CHEMICAL CHANGE IN THE SUBSTANCES (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for chemically changing harmful chemical substances
into substances which are harmless or less harmful. These processes are
chemical processes which change the chemical composition of the
harmful chemical substance. The harmful chemical substance can be
one component of a mixture. The use of special chemical reagents
for chemical fixing is included. These processes can comprise the step
of dissolving or dispersing the harmful chemical substances in water
for the purpose of treating them, or the step of producing a gaseous
product from a non-gaseous harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00) and F1 (A62D 3/00). |
| | (2)
Note. When classifying in subclasses 300-321, classification
is normally also made in subclasses 400-415 to identify the hazardous
substance. |
| | (3)
Note. Harmful chemical substances are chemical waste substances
which are too hazardous or toxic to be discarded in an ordinary
municipal landfill. |
| | (4)
Note. The production or recovery of marketable products is
covered elsewhere, as indicated by the references below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 299, | for the destruction of germ warfare agents. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for a process directed to the production of a combustible
gas from hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for processes of preparing or treating elemental metal
employing hazardous or toxic waste as a raw material or agent, particularly
subclasses 507+ for the methods of adding hazardous or toxic waste
to melting or molten iron and subclasses 585+ for methods
of adding hazardous or toxic waste to nonferrous metals at above
300°C. |
| 86, | Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,
subclass 50 for an apparatus for bomb disposal, or a method
of bomb disposal by detonation. This class, 588, takes the chemical
destruction of bombs other than by detonation. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for the production of cement using hazardous or
toxic waste. |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclasses 235+ for apparatus which may be used for the incineration
of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for the use of thermolytic processes to destroy
substances other than hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, for separating a liquid mixture with one or more of the
components being hazardous or toxic waste, and
subclasses 95+ for the additional use of water or steam in the
separation. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for the interaction of electrical and wave energy with
hazardous or toxic waste to produce a product, and
subclasses 193+ for electrical and wave energy apparatus used in
the treatment of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for the removal of hazardous or toxic substances form mineral
oils, particularly
subclasses 262.1+ for processes of removing halogen contaminants, e.g.,
PCB"s from mineral oils. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claimed disclosure
that hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into
an environmentally safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588;
however, if purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired
product, the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for apparatus which may be used in the treatment
of gas or liquid hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, for means of treating hazardous or toxic substances produced
during the operation of a metallurgical apparatus, particularly
subclasses 144+ for treating gaseous substances and 200+ for
treating liquefied substances. |
| 373, | Industrial Electrical Heating Furnaces, for electric heating furnaces used in the treatment
of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 128.1 through 128.9for soil remediation involving hazardous or toxic
substance. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus using disinfection or sterilization
to destroy micro-organisms, and for methods using disinfection or
sterilization to destroy micro-organisms other than germ warfare
agents. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 210 through 215.5for chemically removing, modifying or destroying
a hazardous or toxic component of normally gaseous mixture (except
for the chemical destruction of chemical weapons which may gas, which
is in this Class 588); and for recovering inorganic elements or compounds
from hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 431, | Combustion, for combustion processes for purposes other than
to destroy hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for processes whereby a micro-organism is used in
degradation of hazardous or toxic waste, e.g., degrading PCBs. |
| 532, | Organic Compounds, for the production of useful products from hazardous
or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 301 | By subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or
ionizing radiation (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein electric or wave energy or particle
or ionizing radiation is used to chemically change the harmful chemical
substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G) and FI (A62D 3/00
100). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 12+ for combined operations including the use of magnetic
operations; subclasses 509+ for sorting special items,
and certain methods and apparatus some of which use magnetic properties
and note subclasses 212 through 232 for magnetic separation, per
se. (Class 588 provides for the magnetic separation of any hazardous
or toxic waste in combination with the destruction of the waste). |
|
| | |
| 302 | Electrochemical processes, e.g., electrodialysis (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein an electrochemical process is
used to chemically change the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G2) and FI (A62D 3/00
110). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for processes of electrodialysis or electrolysis. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification
or separation of liquid phases. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, the process is placed in Class 588; however, if purified
liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product, place the
process in Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 303 | Electrolytic degradation or conversion (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter wherein electrolysis is used to chemically
change the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G2B) and FI (A62D 3/00
111). | |
| | |
| 304 | Sonic energy (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein energy in sound waves is used
to chemically change the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G4) and FI (A62D 3/00
120). | |
| | |
| 305 | Particle radiation, e.g., electron beam radiation (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein particle radiation is used to
chemically change the harmful chemical substance. Particles include
molecules, atoms, protons or electrons.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G6) and FI (A62D 3/00
130). | |
| | |
| 306 | Electromagnetic radiation, e.g., laser (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein electromagnetic radiation is used
to chemically change the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G8) and FI (A62D 3/00
140). | |
| | |
| 308 | X – Rays (about 0.03nm-3nm) (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the wavelengths range from 0.03nm– 3nm.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G8D) and FI (A62D 3/00
142). | |
| | |
| 311 | Plasma (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein plasma is used to chemically change
the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00G10) and FI (A62D 3/00
150). | |
| | |
| 312 | By hydropyrolysis or destructive steam gasification, e.g.,
using water and heat or supercritical water, to effect chemical
change (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein water or steam is used in a thermal
process to achieve chemical change.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00J) and FI (A62D 3/00 200). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating,
subclasses 197+ for processes of gasification to produce a heating
or illuminating gas. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 32+ for the addition of disparate gaseous material
to a carbonizing zone. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus,
subclasses 96+ for thermolytic type apparatus. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclasses 28+ for the processes with a chemical reaction and
subclasses 95+ for the addition of water or steam. |
| 431, | Combustion,
subclass 4 for feeding a flame modifying additive and subclass
5 for burning waste gas. |
|
| | |
| 313 | By reacting with chemical agents (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein an additional chemical material
is used to react with the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00K) and FI (A62D 3/00
300). |
| | (2)
Note. The substance that is destroyed maybe a mixture of hazardous
or toxic waste with nonhazardous or nontoxic waste. Either component
of the mixture being destroyed is sufficient for classification
here. Mandatory XR (cross-reference) into subclass(es) for the
actual hazardous or toxic substance (component) destroyed is noted. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 252 | through 257, for the containment of hazardous substances through
solidification, vitrification or cementation |
| 532, | through 570, for the production of useful organic compounds from
hazardous or toxic substances. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for a process which produces elemental metal as a desired product
and which may also destroy hazardous or toxic waste, particularly
subclasses 507+ for the methods of adding hazardous or toxic
waste to melting or molten iron and subclasses 585+ for
methods adding hazardous or toxic waste to nonferrous metals at above
300°C. |
| 86, | Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,
subclass 50 for an apparatus for bomb disposal, or a method
of bomb disposal by detonation. This class, 588, takes the chemical
destruction of bombs other than by detonation. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for the production of cement using hazardous or
toxic waste. |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclasses 235+ for apparatus which may be used for the incineration
of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for thermolytic distillation processes in general. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus, for distillation apparatus which may be used in the
treating of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, for separating a liquid mixture with one or more component
being hazardous or toxic waste, and
subclasses 95+ for the additional use of water or steam in the
separation. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for the interaction of electrical and wave energy with
hazardous or toxic waste to produce a product, and
subclasses 193+ for electrical and wave energy apparatus used in
the treatment of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 208+ for sulfur removal from mineral oils. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus acting on hazardous or toxic waste for disinfection
or sterilization thereof. Class 422 provides for processes of destruction of
hazardous or toxic material, such as noxious micro-organisms, by
disinfecting or sterilizing when a desired useful product or article
results (i.e., not a waste), and not elsewhere provided for. Class
422,
subclasses 1+ provides for processes of sterilizing wastes (such
as household garbage or waste) not considered hazardous or toxic
for Class 588. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for the production of a desired inorganic substance
or product for a hazardous or toxic substance. |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for processes
employing chalcogen (O, S, Se, or Te) containing compounds in the manufacture of hydrocarbons
containing the chalcogen.
subclasses 240+ for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture from refuse
or vegetation. |
|
| | |
| 314 | By treatment in molten chemical reagent, e.g., salts or
metals (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Process wherein the reaction takes place in a chemical
reagent which is normally solid at room temperature is used in a
molten state.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00K2) and FI (A62D 3/00
310). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for a process which produces elemental metal as a desired product
and which may also destroy hazardous or toxic waste, particularly
subclasses 507+ for the methods of adding hazardous or toxic waste
to melting or molten iron and subclasses 585+ for methods
of adding hazardous or toxic waste to nonferrous metals at above
300°C. |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclasses 235+ for apparatus which may be used for the incineration
of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclass 11 for the use of liquid metal in a thermolytic distillation
for purposes other than the destruction of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, for means of treating hazardous or toxic substances produced
during the operation of a metallurgical apparatus, particularly
subclasses 144+ for treating gaseous substances and 200+ for
treating liquefied substances. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, digest 12 for the use of molten media in chemical
reactions. |
| 431, | Combustion, for processes of combustion in general, and for
the combustion of hazardous or toxic waste which produces a useful
product. |
|
| | |
| 317 | By hydrolysis (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein water is used to chemically change
the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00K8) and FI (A62D 3/00
340). | |
| | |
| 318 | Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein an acid or a base is used to chemically
change the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00K10) and FI (A62D 3/00
350). |
| | (2)
Note. The added material may be, for example, acids, bases,
or hydrogen. | |
| | |
| 319 | By reduction, e.g., hydrogenation (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is reductive,
i.e. gain of electrons.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00K12) and FI (A62D 3/00
360). |
| | (2)
Note. The added material may be, for example, acids, bases,
or hydrogen. | |
| | |
| 320 | By oxidation; by combustion (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein the chemical reaction is oxidative,
i.e. loss of electrons.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00K14) and FI (A62D 3/00
370). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclass 237 for incinerators intended for use with explosive material. |
|
| | |
| 321 | By heating to effect chemical change, e.g., pyrolysis (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein thermal degradation is used to
decompose the harmful chemical substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00L) and FI (A62D 3/00
400). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for thermolytic distillation processes in general. |
|
| | |
| 400 | Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful,
by effecting chemical change (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein the harmful chemical substance
is identified.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M) and FI (A62D 3/00
600). |
| | (2)
Note. When classifying into subclasses 401-404, classification
is also made in subclasses 405-415 according to the specific substance,
if of interest. |
| | (3)
Harmful chemical substances are chemical waste substances
which are too hazardous or toxic to be discarded in an ordinary
municipal landfill. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for a process which produces elemental metal as a desired product
and which may also destroy hazardous or toxic waste, particularly
subclasses 507+ for the methods of adding hazardous or toxic waste
to melting or molten iron and subclasses 585+ for methods
of adding hazardous or toxic waste to nonferrous metals at above
300°C. |
| 86, | Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,
subclass 50 for an apparatus for bomb disposal, or a method
of bomb disposal by detonation. This class, 588, takes the chemical
destruction of bombs other than by detonation. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for the production of cement using hazardous or
toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 401 | Chemical warfare substances, e.g., cholinesterase inhibitor
(EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the hazardous or toxic substance
is intended to incapacitate or destroy a human enemy. Chemical
warfare substances include nerve, blister/vesicant, blood
and pulmonary affecting substances.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M2) and FI (A62D 3/00
610). |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass includes the destruction of nerve gases
and mustard agents. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for recovering inorganic elements or compounds from hazardous
or toxic waste, and
subclasses 210 through 215.5for chemically removing, modifying or destroying
a component of normally gaseous mixture containing hazardous or
toxic waste. Class 588 provides for the chemical destruction of
chemical weapons, which may contain gas. |
|
| | |
| 402 | Pesticides, e.g., insecticides, herbicides, fungicides,
nematicides (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the hazardous or toxic substance
is intended to prevent, repel, destroy or mitigate pests. A pest
is plant or animal which is detrimental to humans or human concerns,
e.g. agriculture or livestock production.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M4) and FI (A62D 3/00
620). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, particularly
subclasses 400 through 502for preparations characterized by special physical form,
including insect repellants, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial compositions. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, for herbicides. |
|
| | |
| 403 | Explosives, propellants or pyrotechnics, e.g., rocket fuel,
napalm (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the hazardous or toxic substance
is an explosive, chemical reaction propellant, e.g. for rocket or
gun, or a pyrotechnic, e.g. fireworks.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M6) and FI (A62D 3/00
630). |
| | (2)
Note. The added material may be, for example, acids, bases,
or hydrogen. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 86, | Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,
subclass 50 for an apparatus for bomb disposal, or a method
of bomb disposal by detonation. This class, 588, takes the chemical
destruction of bombs other than by detonation. |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclass 237 for incinerators intended for use with explosive material. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
subclass 124 for an art collection of methods reclaiming or disposing
of explosive or thermic charges or component materials thereof. |
| 431, | Combustion, for processes of combustion in general, and for
the combustion of hazardous or toxic waste which produces a useful
product. |
|
| | |
| 404 | Toxic combustion residues, e.g., toxic substances contained
in fly ash from waste incineration (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the hazardous or toxic substance
is a by-product of combustion, often found in industrial and municipal
fly ash. The combustion of a non-hazardous substance may result
in a hazardous residue.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M8) and FI (A62D 3/00
640). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclasses 235+ for apparatus which may be used for the incineration
of hazardous or toxic waste. |
| 431, | Combustion, for processes of combustion in general, and for
the combustion of hazardous or toxic waste which produces a useful
product. |
|
| | |
| 405 | Organic substances (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the hazardous or toxic substance
contains either two atoms of carbon bonded to each other, one atom
of carbon bonded to an atom of hydrogen or halogen, or one atom
of carbon bonded to at least one atom of nitrogen by a single or
double bond.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M10) and FI (A62D 3/00
650). |
| | (2)
Note. Certain substances falling under the above definition
are excluded from this and indented subclasses. Their destruction
and conversion are classified in the subclasses below, to wit; hydrocyanic
acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen halides, isothiocyanic
acid, fulmenic acid, and metal carbides. |
| | (3)
Note. The substance(s) that is destroyed maybe a mixture of
hazardous or toxic waste with nonhazardous or nontoxic waste. Either
component of the mixture being destroyed is sufficient for classification
in subclass 205. Mandatory XR (cross-reference) into subclass(es)
for the actual hazardous or toxic substance (component) destroyed
in noted. |
| | (4)
Note. If the hazardous or toxic material is destroyed and
a purified compound or composition is recovered search the appropriate
compound or composition class. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 532, | Organic Compounds, for the production of useful products from hazardous
or toxic waste. |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for organic hydrocarbons. |
|
| | |
| 406 | Containing halogen (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the organic substance contains
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M10B) and FI (A62D 3/00
651). |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass includes hydropyrolysis and destructive
stream gasification. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 568, | Organic Compounds, for the production of halogen containing organic compounds. |
| 570, | Organic Compounds, for the production of halogen containing organic compounds. |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for process employing halogen containing compounds
in the manufacture of hydrocarbons. |
|
| | |
| 407 | Containing heavy metals (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the organic substance contains
a metal other than the following (light) metals – lithium
(Li), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium
(Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Beryllium (Be),
Magnesium (Mg), and Aluminum (Al).
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M10D) and FI (A62D 3/00
652). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 532, | Organic Compounds, appropriate classes for the production of a desired metal
containing organic compound. |
|
| | |
| 408 | Containing nitrogen or phosphorus (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the organic substance contains
nitrogen or phosphorus.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/0010F) and FI (A62D 3/00
653). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for recovering inorganic elements or compounds
from organic hazardous or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 409 | Containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, i.e.,
chalcogen (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the organic substance contains
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/0010H) and FI (A62D 3/00
654). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for recovering inorganic elements or compounds from
organic hazardous or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 410 | Inorganic substances (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the hazardous or toxic substance
is not an organic substance or does not contain any component which
is an organic substance.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M12) and FI (A62D 3/00
660). |
| | (2)
Note. The substance that is destroyed maybe a mixture of hazardous
or toxic waste with nonhazardous or nontoxic waste. Either component
of the mixture being destroyed is sufficient for classification
here. Mandatory XR (cross-reference) into subclass(es) for the
actual hazardous or toxic substance (component) destroyed is noted. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for recovering inorganic elements or compounds from
organic hazardous or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 411 | Inorganic fibers, e.g., asbestos (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the inorganic substance is fibrous,
and made primarily from rock, clay, slag or glass.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M12B) and FI (A62D 3/00
661). | |
| | |
| 412 | Containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the inorganic substance contains
a metal other than the following (light) metals – lithium
(Li), sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), Francium
(Fr), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), Beryllium (Be),
Magnesium (Mg), and Aluminum (Al).
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M12D) and FI (A62D 3/00
662). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 1 -209 for treating to obtain a desired metal containing
compound. |
|
| | |
| 413 | Containing nitrogen or phosphorus (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the inorganic substance contains
nitrogen or phosphorus.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M12F) and FI (A62D 3/00
663). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 299+ for the production of phosphorus or phosphorus
compounds and subclasses 351+ for the production of nitrogen
or nitrogen compounds. |
|
| | |
| 414 | Containing oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium, i.e.,
chalcogen (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the organic substance contains
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M12H) and FI (A62D 3/00
664). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for the production of the desired inorganic substance or
product,
subclasses 508+ for substance or products containing selenium or
tellurium, subclasses 511+ for substances or products containing
sulfur, and subclasses 579+ for substances or products
containing oxygen. |
|
| | |
| 415 | Containing halogen (EPO/JPO): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the inorganic substance contains
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or astatine.
| | (1)
Note. The subject matter in this subclass is substantially
the same in scope as ECLA (A62D 3/00M12K) and FI (A62D 3/00
665). |
| | (2)
Note. The substance that is destroyed maybe a mixture of hazardous
or toxic waste with nonhazardous or nontoxic waste. Either component
of the mixture being destroyed is sufficient for classification
here. Mandatory XR (cross-reference) into subclass(es) for the
actual hazardous or toxic substance (component) destroyed is noted. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes in general for liquid purification or separation
of liquid phases, particularly
subclasses 749+ for the use of chemical treatment; and subclasses
911+, an art collection, for the removal of cumulative
poison from a liquid. The line between Class 210 and Class 588
is that, if there is a specific statement in the claim that hazardous
or toxic waste is destroyed, separated, or converted into an environmentally
safe substance, the process is proper for Class 588; however, if
purified liquid, e.g., water, is obtained as a desired product,
the process is proper for Class 210. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 462+ for the production of halogen or compounds containing halogen. |
|
| | |
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
| 900 | APPARATUS: |
| | Apparatus used in the destruction, containment, or conversion
of hazardous or toxic waste.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 53, | Package Making,
subclasses 556+ for the apparatus used in a process for a contraction
of a cover by stretching or shrinking and subclasses 580+ for
the apparatus for forming or partially forming receptacle and subsequently filling. |
| 100, | Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses used in contacting
hazardous and toxic waste. |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclasses 235+ for incinerators for refuse. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 452 for the process of general heating using solar
heat. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 73+ for apparatus used in boring or penetrating the
earth. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus, for the apparatus used in the processes of distillation. |
| 220, | Receptacles,
subclasses 62.11+ for multilayer barrier structure. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus acting on hazardous or toxic waste for disinfection
or sterilization thereof. See
subclasses 243+ , particularly subclasses 292+ for treating
a solid article or material with a "chemical" in a liquid, gaseous,
or vapor state (e.g., steam sterilizers, steam is considered a "chemical"
also when it disinfects, sterilizes, deodorizes, or preserves, since
steam so used appears to have a function more than mere heating) wherein
the article or material is recovered essentially unchanged from the
treatment (a "chemical" is defined as a substance which has a function beyond
that of another class, per se, e.g., drying, heating, cleaning,
etc.; a recitation that a substance disinfects, sterilizes, deodorizes,
or preserves will cause the substance to be considered a "chemical"
unless accompanied by positive disclosure that the disinfecting,
sterilizing, deodorizing, or preserving is done only by a function provided
for elsewhere; e.g., heating, etc.), and subclasses 307+ for
heat treating vessel with heating means, not elsewhere provided
for. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 5 for means of encapsulating normally liquid material,
subclasses 6+ for means of making particulate material directly
from liquid or molten material, and subclasses 130+ for
means of feeding fluent stock from plural sources to common shaping
means to form composite product and the rest of the class for shaping
of articles. |
|
| | |
| 901 | COMPOSITIONS: |
| | Compositions used in the destruction or containment of hazardous
or toxic waste.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 600+ for the production of cement using hazardous or
toxic waste. |
| 252, | Compositons,
subclasses 625+ for useful products (compositions) that contain
radioactive hazardous toxic waste. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic, for containment of hazardous or toxic waste in a ceramic. |
| 520-528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -Part of the
Class 520 Series, for encapsulating or binding hazardous or toxic
waste in a synthetic resin or natural rubber. |
|
| | |
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CLASS 588,