SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
This is the primary class for patents directed to treating water
or waste liquid, and when not more specifically provided
for, the class for patents directed to treating liquids
in general or of any kind and provides (1) process
and apparatus for (a) separating a component from (b) purifying
or (c) effecting a change in water or waste liquid, such
process or apparatus not being more specifically provided for in
another class; (2) process of treating
liquids in general and treating liquid compositions of either general
or diverse utilities; (3) apparatus not provided
for in other classes, for performing the foregoing processes
and treating liquids of any kind; (4) filter materials
or compositions peculiar to the above-mentioned processes; and (5) Processes
for purification of liquids containing hazardous or toxic waste
to produce a nonhazardous or nontoxic product.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. GENERAL GUIDELINESS
1. Placement of Patents
a. A claim directed to the production, regeneration, or purification
of a particular compound or composition (including) solutions
in water is classified with the particular compound or composition. The
classes providing for these compounds or compositions are set out
in section III, B, 2.
A claim directed to purification or separation of water or of
liquids in general with disclosure of several species each differently
classifiable is classified in this class (210).
b. In classifying a claim to a combined process in
which a liquid (e.g., sewage, etc.) is
treated, and a useful by-product, energy
or treatment is also recovered or achieved, placement is
in Class 210 where the primary purpose is liquid treatment and the
by-product, energy or other treatment is incidental. Placement
is in the other pertinent class if the liquid treatment is incidental
to the other process. If it cannot be determined which
is the primary purpose of the combined process, placement
is in the appropriate chemical class(es) when
a chemical by-product is recovered and in this class (210) in
all other instances.
Since the identical combined process may be placed as an original
in either of two classes, based on intent of the inventor, a
cross-reference copy should be placed in the other class
involved.
See section II, A, 2 infra, for
exceptions to the general rule here stated.
2.. Specific Exceptions.
a. Class 95, Gas Separation: Processes, will
take a process including a liquid separation step in a Class 95 operation (e.g., regenerating
a scrubbing liquid in a gas scrubbing operation, etc.).
b. A purely physical separation, e.g., filtering, specifically
directed to mineral oil, is classified in this class (210), subclasses
767+.
c. A claim to a process of drying a flowable slurry
or mass by physical separation, e.g., centrifuging
without a step or means of contacting with a gas, is in
this class (210) rather than Class 34. See
line note to Class 210 in (3) Note to Class 34
definition.
d. Some classes which provide for compositions which may
be used in a Class 210 process may also take a claim to a mere use
of such composition. These classes include 424 and 521
and the line notes in section II, C set out the conditions
which govern placement of patents in these circumstances.
e. The rehabilitation or regeneration of a filter
medium, in situ is classified in this class (210), subclasses
791+, rather than in Class 134, Cleaning
and Liquid Contact With Solids.
f. Separating liquids by direct application of electrolysis or
electric force to the liquid, alone or combined with a step
provided for in subclasses 767-808 of this class, is classified
in Class 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions
Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, when
electrolysis is involved, or in Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical
and Wave Energy, when other electrical force as provided
for in the Class 204 definition is involved.
B. CLASSES PROVIDING FOR RELATED SUBJECT MATTER.
1. Classes Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment
Of Liquids.
References to Other Classes, below, contains
classes pertaining to the following specific unit operation treatment
of liquids.
Analyzing:
Burning;
Chlorinating;
Condensing;
Crystal Forming, Single;
Crystallization;
Degassing;
Disinfecting;
Dispensing;
Distilling;
Drinking Storage;
Electrolysis;
Emulsifying;
Evaporating;
Fluoridating;
Freezing;
Handling;
Heating;
Magnetizing;
Mixing;
Preserving;
Refrigerating;
Separating, Centrifugally;
Softening;
Sprinkling, Spraying, Diffusing;
Sterilizing;
Storage;
Testing;
Transporting;
2. Classes Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid.
References to Other Classes, below, contains
classes pertaining to the following treatment of a specific liquid.
Beverage;
Black Liquor;
Cleaning Fluid;
Colloids;
Coolant;
Culture Broth;
Detergent;
Drug;
Dye;
Electrolyte;
Emulsion;
Fats;
Fertilizer;
Food;
Fuel;
Ink;
Inorganic;
Lubricants;
Medicine;
Oil;
Paints;
Photographic;
3. Classes Having Liquid Treating Apparatus.
References to Other Classes, below, contains
classes having liquid treating apparatus in the following art areas.
Analysis;
Carbureting;
Cooling;
Crystal Forming, Single;
Crystallizer;
Dispensing;
Distilling;
Evaporating;
Gas Contact;
Handling;
Heat Exchange;
Mixing;
Oil Refining;
Packing;
Preserving;
Reaction (Chemical);
Reaction, Physical;
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment
Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses for a purification process
claimed or solely disclosed for a dye composition. |
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment
and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Dye). |
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General
Cleaning, appropriate subclasses for apparatus which may remove a
liquid from a solid by means provided for in that class (15), particularly
subclass 1.7 for submerged cleaners; and subclass 246.5
for tank cleaners. |
| 19, | Textiles: Fiber Preparation, appropriate subclasses which may involve the manufacture
of a filter element, particularly
subclasses 144+ for the bringing together of fibers with relation to
each other to form a coherent mass. |
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 293+ for a physical purification process claimed or
solely disclosed for an inorganic compound or nonmetallic element (or
solution with no art use). |
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 230+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Testing). |
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses. See the note to
the class definition of Class 34 for the line with Class 210. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, especially
subclasses 300+ for a purification process claimed or solely disclosed
for liquid fuel. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Oil). |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Fuel). |
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for a purification process claimed or solely disclosed
for an abrading composition. |
| 53, | Package Making, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Packing). |
| 53, | Package Making, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving). |
| 53, | Package Making, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Storage). |
| 62, | Refrigeration, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Condensign). |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclasses 600+ for a separating or purification process for liquified
gas. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclasses 66+ and 532+. (Class Providing
A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Crystallization). |
| 62, | Refrigeration, especially
subclasses 56+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Freezing). |
| 62, | Refrigeration, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Refrigerating). |
| 62, | Refrigeration, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Cooling). |
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclass 1 and 18 for means to reclaim and revise a solvent
combined with a laundry machine. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Fertilizer). |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for fertilizer producing
processes including more than mere treatment of sewage or waste liquids
for this class (210); and for a purification
process claimed or solely disclosed for a fertilizer composition. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, especially
subclasses 32+ , 53+, 149, 170.29+, 861+, 290+, Dig. 5+, and
Dig. 8. (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Testing) |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for a separating or purification
process that produces a metal; and especially
subclass 2 for beneficiating ores by chemical treatment and
flotation; and subclasses 97+ for hydrometallurgical
processes, particularly subclasses 101+ for chemical
leaching. |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes, for processes involving steps resulting in separation of
a gas from a fluid mixture comprising (a) a gas
and solid or liquid particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid
and gas entrained therein, or (c) a plurality
of gases. Class 210 is superior to Class 95 and takes separating
processes, per se, generically disclosed or claimed
as fluid separation or if the disclosure or a claim is restricted
to liquid separation. Class 210 also takes processes which
remove or vent gas formed incidentally to the handling of the fluid
mixture or as a result of a Class 210 treatment (see particularly
subclasses 603 , 640, 664, 718, and
750). However, Class 95 takes processes
operating to remove gas initially present in an inflowing liquid
mixture, with or without liquid separation. The
removal of a volatile organic compound (e.g., ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, etc.) from
a liquid is not taken to be degasification of a liquid for Class
95 when the volatile organic compound is initially present as a
liquid mixed with another liquid. The removal of a volatile organic
compound from a liquid may be found in Class 210 for liquid purification
or separation or Class 203 for separatory distillation processes. Class
95 will also take a process including a liquid separation step in
a Class 95 operation (e.g., regenerating
a scrubbing liquid in a gas scrubbing operation). |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes, especially
subclasses 241+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Degassing). |
| 96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, especially
subclasses 155+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Degassing). |
| 96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus used in separation of a gas from a fluid
mixture comprising (a) a gas and solid or liquid
particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid
and gas entrained therein, or (c) a plurality
of gases. Class 210 is superior to Class 96 and takes separating
apparatus, per se, generically disclosed or claimed
for use in fluid separation or if the disclosure or a claim is restricted
to liquid separation apparatus. Class 210 also takes apparatus
which removes or vents gas formed incidentally to the handling of
the fluid mixture or as a result of a Class 210 treatment (see
particularly
subclasses 120 , 180, 188, 218, 406, and
436). However, Class 96 takes apparatus operating
to remove gas initially present in an inflowing liquid mixture, with
or without liquid separation. Apparatus for the removal
of a volatile organic compound (e.g., ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, etc.) from
a liquid is not taken to be apparatus for the degasification of
a liquid for Class 96 when the volatile organic compound is initially
present as a liquid mixed with another liquid. Apparatus
for the removal of a volatile organic compound from a liquid may
be found in Class 210 for liquid purification or separation or Class
202 for separatory distillation. Class 96 will also take
apparatus including a liquid separation means in a Class 96, Gas
Separation: Apparatus (e.g., means
to regenerate a scrubbing liquid in a gas scrubbing apparatus, etc.). |
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus of the type classified in
this class (210) when combined with other food
or beverage preparation means; and
subclasses 457+ and 495+ for separation apparatus wherein
a liquid is separated. |
| 100, | Presses,
subclass 37 for process of separation of liquid from expressed
material; and subclasses 104+ for presses having
drain means for expressed liquids, and see the reference
to Class 210 in the class definition for the general line. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for a purification or regeneration
by separation process which is claimed or solely disclosed for a
composition or ingredient of that class. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 31.13+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Ink). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Paints |
| 110, | Furnaces, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Burning). |
| 117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and
Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Crystal
Forming, Single). |
| 117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and
Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Single Crystal Forming). |
| 122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, appropriate subclasses for conversion of liquid
to vapor by application of heat. |
| 122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Heating). |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclasses 344 through 363.1for a liquid heater that may include a kettle, a
steam generator, stove pipe for use with a stove, a
domestic water heater or boiler (e.g., kitchen
boiler, range boiler, etc.) for
use with a stove or furnace. |
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
peculiar to the treatment of such materials. |
| 128, | Surgery, appropriate subclasses for a process of or apparatus
for purifying or separating the fluid (e.g., blood) of
a living animal body, combined with a claimed specifically
detailed step or means of removing or returning the fluid from or
to the body. A method of treating the fluid including a
nominally recital step of or means for removing or returning the
fluid from or to a patient will be placed in this class (210). Similarly, a
process of or apparatus for purifying or separating such a fluid
combined with a step of or means for monitoring a condition of the
body to control the purifying or separating will be placed in Class
128, Surgery. Terms as "withdrawing", "injecting", and "needle", are considered
nominal while withdrawing from a named artery or vein or structurally
defining a needle are considered specific detail. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, and see Note (4) of the definition
of that class for the line with Class 210. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Handling). |
| 137, | Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for fluid handling generally, particularly
subclasses 1+ for processes; and subclasses 98+ for
proportional flow systems, as chemical feeders. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Transporting). |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Handling). |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Dispensing) |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Handling). |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Dispensing). |
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators,
subclasses 47.1+ (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment
Of Liquids--Evaporating). |
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Evaporating). |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Black Liquor). |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for making paper by depositing fibers from a slurry on a foraminous
screen. Where the screening step is for the purpose of
dewatering the slurry and a formless mass of fibers is produced
rather than a felted product, the patent is classified
in Class 210. Where there is a disclosure of a felted self-sustaining
product being produced by the dewatering step or means are provided
to remove the product intact from the mold, the patent
is classified in Class 162. |
| 165, | Heat Exchange, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus-- |
| 165, | Heat Exchange, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Refrigerating). |
| 165, | Heat Exchange, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Condensign). |
| 165, | Heat Exchange, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Heating). |
| 165, | Heat Exchange, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Cooling). |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 265+ for well processes involving separation of fluids
leaving the well, appropriate subclasses for corresponding
well apparatus; subclasses 311+ and subclasses there
noted for processes of cleaning wells, and appropriate
subclasses for corresponding apparatus; subclasses 227+ and
subclasses there noted for well screens; and see subclass
227 for the line between Classes 210 and 166 as to screens. |
| 196, | Mineral Oils: Apparatus, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Oil
Refining). |
| 196, | Mineral Oils: Apparatus, for apparatus peculiar to mineral oil treatment other than
by mere manipulative treatment for this class (210), particularly
subclass 14.5 for dewaxing apparatus; and subclass 46.1
for refining apparatus including a filter in combination. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for distillation apparatus
with or without separation means of the type classified in Class 210. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Distilling). |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclasses 28+ and 39+ for a liquid distillation process including
a chemical treating step or a disparate physical separating step
not otherwise provided for. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Distlling). |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for the separation or purification of a liquid solely by
the application of an electrical force directly to the liquid or
when combined with a separation step classifiable in Class 210,
subclasses 767 through 808.Exemplary is electro-osmosis with or without
filtration or electrophoresis with or without gravitational setting.
A Class 204 step combined with a Class 210 process provided for
higher in the Class 210 schedule than subclasses 767-808
is classifiable in Class 210. Such combinations are exemplified
by sorption plus electro-osmosis, precipitation plus
electrophoresis, etc. Class 204 also takes a combined
process which may include a preparatory liquid purification step
for the process. See the reference to Class 210 in the
Class 204 definition, References to Other Classes section for
an elaboration of the class line between Class 204 and Class 210. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions
Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for an electrolytic process which
may include a preparatory liquid purification step for the process, for
a composition intended for use in such a process (e.g., electrolyte, etc.), for
a process of regenerating or rehabilitating an electrolyte composition
used or intended to be used for electrolysis as designated for Class
205, and
subclasses 775 through 794.5for electrolytic analysis or testing.
A Class 205 step combined with a Class 210 process provided for
higher in the schedule than subclasses 767-808 is classifiable
in Class 210. Such combinations are exemplified by aerobic
digestion plus electrolysis, etc. Class 205 also
takes an electrolytic process which may include a preparatory liquid purification
step for the process. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for a purification or separation claimed as solely disclosed
for mineral oil and which is not purely a physical operation as
provided for in
subclasses 767+ of this class (210).
Class 210, in subclasses 767+ provides for merely
physically separating a mineral oil as by filtering, settling decanting, etc. Class
208 provides for chemical, including sorption and solvent, processes for
purifying or separating a mineral oil. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Lubricants). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Oil). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Fuel). |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses, and see the reference
to Class 210 under (3) Note of the class definition of
Class 209 for the general line. |
| 219, | Electric Heating, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Heating). |
| 222, | Dispensing, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Dispensing) |
| 222, | Dispensing, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Dispensing). |
| 239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and
Diffusing, appropriate subclasses for separating means incidental
or ancillary to handling a fluid to be sprinkled or sprayed, especially
subclasses 86 , 462, 553+, 575, and
590+ for nozzle structures in which filtering means are
present or are inherent in the nozzle. |
| 239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and
Diffusing, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment
Of Liquids--Handling). |
| 239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and
Diffusing,
subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit
Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Sprinkling, Spraying, Diffusing). |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 24 and 68+ for the comminution of solids
combined with the separation of liquid therefrom. See section
8 of the class definition of Class 241 for the line with Class 210. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Sterilizing). |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 527+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating
Apparatus--Reaction (Chemical)). |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 175+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Softening). |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 380+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving). |
| 252, | Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a purification or separation
claimed or solely disclosed for a composition classifiable in that class, and
search
subclasses 61 and 175+ for a composition which may be
used in a liquid purification or separation process of this class. Class
252 provides for a purification or separation process specific to
a single type of composition by claim or by sole disclosure. Class
210 provides for a purification or separation process generic to
several types of compositions, all of which may be classified
in Class 252 (e.g., perfumes
and denaturants; detergents; fire extinguishing
and heat exchange materials). Class 252 provides
for certain compositions for use in Class 210 processes and for
a process, per se, of regenerating or rehabilitating
them. The use of these compositions in a liquid purification
or separation, per se, or combined with regenerating
them is provided for in Class 210. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 71+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Coolant). |
| 252, | Compositions, various subclasses based on function of emulsion. (Class
Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Emulsifying). |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses for such compounds and related compound
producing or treating processes, particularly
subclasses 704+ for general physical treatment processes peculiar
to carbon compounds, and see the references to Class 210
in the class definition. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,
subclasses 2+ for separating means combined with apparatus to
produce an intimate contact between gases and liquids to exchange
properties or mutually modify conditions. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Gas
Contact). |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Carbureting). |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes for shaping
or molding plastic materials within the class definition, which
may involve the manufacture or use of fiber elements or separators, or
porous articles, per se. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing, especially
subclasses 29+ , 71+, 204, 425+, and
459+. (Class Providing A Specific Unit
Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Testing). |
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and
Electromagnets, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Magnetizing). |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment
Of Liquids--Magnetizing). |
| 366, | Agitating, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Mixing). |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 2+ and 348. (Class Providing A
Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Mixing). |
| 399, | Electrophotography,
subclass 250 for liquid carrier condensation of liquid developer
material within an electrophotographic device. |
| 406, | Conveyors: Fluid Current, especially
subclasses 168+ and 197 for transporting a solid by suspending
it in a fluid and separating the solid from the liquid after transporting. |
| 406, | Conveyors: Fluent Current, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Transporting). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing, for a process of treating water to prevent corrosion of
a conduit or a container and for chemical apparatus of general utility. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing,
subclasses 243+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Reaction, Physical). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing, (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Preserving). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing,
subclasses 129+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Reaction (Chemical)). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing,
subclasses 245.1+ for non-coating means not including means
for chemical reaction and not provided for elsewhere. (Class
Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Crystallizer. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing,
subclasses 13 and 14+. (Class Providing
A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Softening). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing,
subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Storage). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing,
subclasses 50+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Analysis). |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for chemical manufacturing involving
a chemical reaction and for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving not elsewhere provided for. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Inorganic). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Drug). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Disinfecting). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, especially
subclasses 661+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Chlorinating). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclasses 56+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Fluoridating). |
| 424, | and 514, Drug, Bio-Affecting
and Body Treating Compositions, especially Class 424,
subclasses 127+ and Class 514, subclasses 1+. (Class
Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Sterilizing). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Medicine). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material Processes, Compositions, and
Products, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Beverage). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Storage). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for (a) process
of the type classified in this class (210) when
combined with other food working operations, or (b) a
process of the type classified in this class (210), which
process is limited to treatment of a food or edible material except water. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Food). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products,
subclasses 66+ . (Class Providing A Specific
Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Drinkign
Storage). |
| 429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing
Apparatus, Product, and Process, especially
subclasses 101 through 109,188-207, and 408-412. (Class
Providing Treatment of a Specific Liquid). |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Emulsion). |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Photographic). |
| 431, | Combustion, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Burning). |
| 432, | Heating, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation
Treatment Of Liquids--Heating). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Culture Broth). |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclasses 1+ and 129.2+. (Classes Providing
A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Analyzing). |
| 494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus and
process for breaking up a mixture of fluids or fluent substances
into two or more components by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like
member. |
| 494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment
Of Liquids--Centrifugally separating). |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,
subclasses 150+ for compositions designed or intended for retarding, inhibiting, or
killing algae and the processes of using such compositions or compounds
which are no more than the mere application of the compounds or
the compositions. |
| 508, | Solid Anti-friction Devices, Materials
Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving
Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, particularly
subclasses 110+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Lubricants). |
| 508, | Solid Anti-friction Devices, Materials
Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving
Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, particularly
subclasses 110+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Oil). |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid Detergent). |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 285+ , 405+, etc. (Class
Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Cleaning
Fluid). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, especially
subclasses 939+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Emulsion). |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating
to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or
pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or
spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid
systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or
peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior
provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed
and provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed
by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or
foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for
use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. (Class
Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Emulsifying) (Class
Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid Colloids) (Class
Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid Emulsion). |
| 520, | Series, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific
Liquid--Paints). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Classes 523 and 524. (Class
Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Emulsion). |
| 554, | Organic Compounds,
subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Fats). |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,
subclass 14 . (Class Providing Treatment Of
A Specific Liquid--Fuel). |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 300 through 415and 249-260, for the chemical
destruction or containment of hazardous or toxic waste.
Class 210 provides for the purification of water (liquids) as
useful product even though hazardous or toxic waste may be removed
from or destroyed in the water (liquids). |
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
The meaning to be given various "Art" terms
appearing in this class, but which have not been included
in the GLOSSARY below, is the same as that generally accepted
or in common usage.
ABSORB
See SORB.
ACCELERATOR
Agent which promotes an action, but does not
necessarily cause the action. An example is a catalyst
as contrasted with a reactant. In subclasses 696+ and
702+ no distinction is made between an agent which promotes
or one which causes and a search for a compound used as a flocculant
is the same as if the compound reacted to cause precipitation.
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
Common term for an aerobic process of treating sewage with
micro-organisms in which part of the settled sludge from
the treatment is diverted and introduced into the feed of incoming
sewage.
ADDITIVE
An agent added to a liquid being treated to either cause
a desired result or to promote a result which would occur more slowly
or incompletely without the additive. Catalysts filter
aids, chemical agents, seeding agents, buffers are
all additives.
ADSORB
See SORB.
AEROBIC
Treating liquids, generally sewage, with
micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen generally supplied
as air or other source of oxygen but sometimes using residual dissolved
oxygen. Best known method is "activated sludge". The
micro-organisms convert noxious materials to less noxious
stuff, e.g., to water, methane, nitrogen
oxides, carbon dioxide.
ALGAECIDE
Any material capable of inhibiting or destroying algal growth.
ANAEROBIC
Treating liquids, generally sewage by micro-organisms which
change noxious stuff to innocuous materials, in the absence
of oxygen. Some solids are made into water and gases as
methane, carbon monoxide, etc. A septic tank
is an example of anaerobic digestion of sewage.
ANGSTROM
A unit of length used to measure wavelength of lights and
diameters of atoms or molecules.
Designated by A and equal to 10-8cm.
AQUEOUS
A liquid containing water. Generally water is
the major part as in blood, brine, milk, etc., but
may comprise a substantial but not major portion as in a water-alcohol mixture
of various proportions. Usually trace amounts of water
are not considered aqueous.
BACTERICIDE
Any material capable of inhibiting or destroying bacteria.
BRACKISH
Somewhat salty, but substantially less so than
sea water.
BRINE
A relatively concentrated salt water solution sometimes from
wells or industrial sources and including sea water.
CENTRIFUGE
A process or means in which a liquid is revolved about an
axis at such a number of revolutions per unit of time that the apparent
weight of constituents increases to a point where the constituents
tend to concentrate in strata similar to gravity-induced
separation based on relative densities.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
A process in which a liquid is flowed along a linear
path comprising a sorbent, with which the liquid competes
in affinity for a constituent of the liquid. The constituent
is sorbed from the moving liquid by the relatively immobile sorbent
and redissolved by a later passing portion of the liquid until an
equilibrium of the sorbing-dissolving step is set up causing
the constituent to concentrate in a specific volume of the sorbent
and to move along the path of the liquid at a slower rate than such
liquid.
A comprehensive treatise on chromatography is to be found
in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd
ed. Vol. 5, pp. 413-450.
COALESCE
The merging together of small droplets or particles of
a material or constituent dispersed in a liquid to form larger bodies
of the material or constituent which may be more easily handled.
COLLOIDAL
A state of very fine division of a material dispersed throughout
a liquid almost to the point of a true solution and either impossible
or extremely difficult to filter or cause to settle.
CONDUCTIVITY WATER
An extremely pure water characterized by high ohmic resistance
due to very low rate of ionization. See POLISHING.
CYCLONE
A device using centrifugal force to separate. The
process is called cyclonic; see centrifuge.
DESALINATION
The process of removing inorganic salts, most
usually sodium chloride, from water.
DIALYSATE
See DIALYSIS.
DIALYSIS
A process of separating a dissolved constituent from
a liquid by transport or migration from the liquid through a membrane
into a second liquid. The membrane may be semipermeable
or the second liquid may have greater affinity for the constituent
but the net effect of the combined membrane-extracting
liquid is to selectively remove a constituent from the first liquid. The
process is provided for in subclasses 644+. An
in-depth explanation is given in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia
of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 7, pp. 1-20. Dialysate
is the product of a dialysis method and the term is not always used
for the same product, including retentate and diffusate.
DIFFUSATE
The material passed through in a diffusing process.
DIFFUSE
The passing of a constituent through a membrane or septum.
DIGEST
Process in which material is acted upon by micro-organisms
to cause a chemical change. The composting of sludge is
a digestion process.
DISPERSION
A mixture of a liquid with an insoluble material in very fine
subdivision almost but not quite a true solution.
EFFLUENT
The liquids flowing out of a process, normally
the mainstream, can be either a desired product or discard.
FEED
The liquid to be treated, prior to processing.
FILTER
Method of and apparatus for removing solid particles from
a liquid by passing the same through a medium with openings smaller
than the particles. Microfiltration is filtration down
to coolidal and polymeric molecular size. Ultrafiltration
and hyperfiltration are more likely transport or diffusion across
a membrane process but are called filtration down to molecular and
ionic size. See subclasses 650 and 652.
FILTER ELEMENT
Filter medium combined with supporting structure or having
a specified shape.
FILTER MEDIUM
Solid separating material or member for separating a constituent
from the prefilt due to openings between material particles or in
the member.
FILTRATE
Liquid which has been clarified by passing it through
a filter medium.
FILTRATION
The separation of solids from a liquid or a liquid from liquids
by a solid separating medium due to openings in the medium or between
discrete particles.
FLOC
Flocculated clumps of suspended or dispersed small particles
resulting from accretion and used as sites for further accretion
of suspended matter. See subclass 715.
FLOCCULATION
A clumping together of finely divided particles of material
dispersed in a liquid to a state where filtration or settling of
the material is possible. See subclasses 702+.
FLUID
Material that flows, generally gas or liquid
but sometimes including mixtures of these with particulate solids such
as slurry, sludge, gels, etc. Some
materials are thixatropic, i.e., fluid
when agitated but jellylike when at rest. Pumpable sludge
is considered a liquid for treatment in this class.
FOULING
The act of depositing on the membrane surface something
which will impede its proper functioning. Sometimes also
termed "blinding".
GEL
A colloidal dispersion of a solid in a liquid with a
jellylike texture. Use of a gel in chromatography is in
subclass 635, and separating the constituents of a gel
are in subclass 702.
GRAVITY, BY
A separation process depending on differences in density
to separate freely movable constituents such as cream rising to
the top of the milk. Draining or allowing a liquid to drip
from solids held by a screen or grid is not gravity separation.
HYDROPHILIC
Water attractive or wettable.
HYDROPHOBIC
Water-repellent or nonwettable.
HYPERFILTRATION
Filtration to the ultimate degree to molecular or ionic size, but
most likely membrane transport or diffusion phenomenon. See
FILTER and subclass 652.
IMHOFF
A two-story septic tank of special design to
allow digestion of sludge in lower chamber with settling in upper chamber
and passage of settled sludge from upper to lower chamber. Process
is anaerobic and provided for in subclasses 602+.
INERT MATERIAL
Stuff that does not cause or promote any change in liquid
or component being treated. May act as filler, support, or
carrier for active material. See subclass 679.
LIQUID
A flowable material comprising at least one component that
is a true liquid under the conditions of treatment. A slurry, wet
sludge, pumpable sediment, emulsion, froth, all
are considered liquid for treatment in this class.
MAINSTREAM
The main body of liquid being treated as constrasted with
separated constituents. The mainstream may comprise several
divided streams, some of which undergo treatment and which
are a substantial part of the overall feed but a relatively small
stream diverted for a dosing technique in which agents are added
in a concentrated amount and the diverted stream is diluted with
the main body is not considered to be the mainstream, per
se. A recirculated portion of the stream is not considered
to be the mainstream.
MEMBRANE
A skinlike thin film which acts as a barrier or container wall; the
usual form of a permeable or semipermeable septum. A semipermeable
membrane is a skinlike, relatively thin film which serves
to define a barrier or container wall to at least one of the constituents
of a solution or colloidal suspension and allows at least one other
constituent to pass through by a mechanism which may include but
goes beyond mere straining and which mechanism is in part due to
differences in behavior of the constituents of the solution or suspension
with respect to the material of the membrane. The constituents
vary in their ability to diffuse through or to wet the membrane.
Membranelike includes mambrane, per se, and
material which, while not strictly in a self-supporting
skinlike structure, functions in an analogous manner and includes
a layer of fine particulate matter or an emulsion as set out in
subclass 643.
A process which depends only on the relative size of pores
and molecules or ions of a constituent is a filtering or straining
process and is classified under separation, subclass 767.
MICRON
A linear measurement equal to one millionth of a meter, one
thousandth of a mm, 39 millionths of an inch.
MICRO-ORGANISM
Living plants or animals of a size normally visible only through
a microscope and includes bacteria, yeast, fungi, and
virus. For purposes of this class, algae are not considered
micro-organisms. The scope of this term is coextensive
with the organisms of Class 435, Molecular Biology and
Microbiology.
MICROFILTER
See FILTER.
MOLECULAR SIEVE
A sorbent with an extremely large volume of pores, each of
about molecular size, capable of selectively sorbing gases
and other material in molecular form; generally of Zeolite.
OIL
Organic material of slick or slippery feel including
long chain hydrocarbons esters of higher fatty acid and derived
from petroleum, fats, greases, and oils
of animal or vegetable origin.
OLEOPHILIC
Oil attractive or wettable by oil.
OLEOPHOBIC
Oil repelling.
OSMOSIS
Phenomenon in which solvent migrates or is transported across
a barrier from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated
solution separated by the barrier tending to equalize the concentrations. The
force driving the solvent is dependent on the materials of the liquids and
the barrier or septum, and a counter force of greater magnitude
will effect reverse migration or reverse osmosis causing solvent
to migrate from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. A
comprehensive treatise on osmosis and reverse osmosis is given in
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 14, pp. 345-355.
OXIDANT
An agent which extracts electrons from a chemical moiety
and increases its positive or decreases its negative valence. Often
an oxygen or halogen containing material.
PERMEABLE
Property of allowing passage or migration of other material
through a barrier or septum of the material so designated. The
migration phenomenon is due primarily to the chemical nature of
the materials involved and may include molecular weight or size
as a factor.
PERMEATE
Material which has passed through a permeable or semipermeable
membrane.
pH
The measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of
a liquid. Also determines the sweetness or sourness of
a liquid. The original value was the log of the reciprocal of
the hydrogen ion concentration.
POLISHING
An ion exchange process in which the ions released to the
liquid are only H+ and OH-. A
method of achieving very pure water. See CONDUCTIVITY WATER.
PREFILT
Material to be filtered, also known as feed, influent, intake.
RESIDUE
Material retained by membrane, septum, filter, settling tank, etc.
RETENTATE
Material held back by membrane or filter, not
allowed to migrate or pass through.
REVERSE OSMOSIS
See OSMOSIS.
SEMIPERMEABLE
Permeable to only some of materials which may be in intimate
association as in a solution. Usually applied to membrane, see
MEMBRANE.
SLUDGE
Concentrate of settled colloidal suspension with a mushy
or mud texture, a gel with up to more than 90 percent usually
water) but quite viscous. It may contain indiscriminate
solids as grits, fiber, wood chip, and emulsions. While
still wet, treatment is proper for this class, but
the same material when completely dry may be referred to as sludge. See
ACTIVATED SLUDGE.
SORB, SORBING
The attracting by a solid material of a liquid wherein
the liquid permeates the body of the solid, either in pores
or throughout the material itself or of a finely divided constituent, suspended
or dissolved in a liquid, on the surface of or in pores
of the material. Examples of the former are methods using
sponges, mops, and pads and of the latter are
methods using activated charcoal clays and zeolites. In
this class, no distinction is made between absorption and
adsorption. Processes using sorption for separation are
provided for in subclasses 660+. (See
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 1, pp. 44-75
and 421-469.)
SUSPENSION
Liquid carrying throughout its volume in extremely fine subdivision
an insoluble substance (solid or another liquid) which
will not settle under gravity nor can be filtered without special
treatment such as addition of chemical agents. A DISPERSION.
See FLOCCULATION, GEL, and MEMBRANE.
SYNTHETIC
A material not found in nature, but man-made
from chemical building blocks, with properties resembling naturally
occurring materials. It does not include man-made
duplicates of natural material or chemical modified natural materials. For
example, regenerated cellulose and cellulose acetate are
not included nor is zein, but polyester, vinyl, and
nylon are included.
TRICKLING FILTER
A particulate bed of designed coarseness through which liquid
is gravity fed at a rate to maintain relatively thin films on the
particles and enhance air liquid contact to promote aerobic treatment
of the liquid. An alternate method may be programmed flooding
and draining of the bed. The treatment using such a bed
is in subclasses 616+.
ULTRAFILTRATION
Filtration of a solution or colloid, retaining
a constituent of macromolecule dimension. See FILTRATION
and MEMBRANE.
VAPOR
A normally liquid material in a gaseous state, e.g., steam. Separating
or purifying a fluid in the gaseous state is proper for Class 55, Gas
Separation, but treating a liquid with gaseous constituents
is provided for in subclasses 603+, 640, 664, 707, 718, and
750.
WASTE
A liquid that is to be discarded. The term includes
effluent from domestic or industrial sources, e.g, sewage wash
water spent processing fluids, etc., and
refers to liquid to be treated and liquid which has been treated
to allow discharge to the environment.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 85]](../ps.gif) 85 | WITH ALARM, INDICATOR, REGISTER, RECORDER, SIGNAL
OR INSPECTION MEANS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus with an alarm indicator, register, recorder
or signal, showing a condition of the subject matter of
the class; or with means which permit inspection of normally
hidden parts of the apparatus or of the fluid inside the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138+, | for controlled devices including only the driving
mechanism of a clock without any indication other than that of a
conventional clock. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for pressure, level, temperature, etc., measuring
and indicating means, per se, especially
subclass 61.41 for methods and means for testing which determines
a characteristic of a separated constituent. |
| 116, | Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses, for mechanical
signals and indicators, per se. |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 712+ for coating apparatus and a signal or an indicator. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 23+ for dispensers with recorder, register, indicator, signal
or exhibitor. |
| 235, | Registers, appropriate subclasses, for registers, per
se. |
| 340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 603+ for electrical automatic fluent material responsive
indicating systems. |
| 346, | Recorders, appropriate subclasses, for recorders, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 92 | Test valve: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus including a valve which may be opened for test
purposes. |
| | |
| 94 | Transparent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus in which the inspection means is a transparent
part of a treating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 154+ for dispensers with inspection devices. |
|
| | |
| 95 | Sight glass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus comprising transparent means associated with treatment
apparatus through which material being treated can be viewed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 323+ for liquid level sight glasses of general application. |
|
| | |
| 96.1 | CONSTITUENT MIXTURE VARIATION RESPONSIVE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which an operating condition of the apparatus
is controlled by variations of a constituent quality of a liquid
mixture as determined by physical or chemical tests of the liquid
mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 662, | for composition testing in ion exchange or sorption
processes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclass 230 for analytical and analytical control methods there
provided for. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 3+ for processes of mixing plural fluids of diverse
characteristics; and subclasses 88+ for a system
involving mixture condition maintaining or sensing. |
|
| | |
| 96.2 | With membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Apparatus having a filtering means composed of a thin, enveloping
or lining substance, i.e., membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 257.1, | for a membrane within a storage unit in serially
connected distinct treating apparatus. |
| 348+, | for apparatus which uses a semipermeable septum
which does not provide for continuous streams on both sides of the
septum. |
| 433+, | for similar apparatus which uses in ordinary filter
septum. |
| 500.1, | for membrane, per se. |
| 541, | for membrane supports, frames, and spaces. |
| 634+, | for process of using a septum selective as to composition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 10 for a sugar solution dialyzer. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 252+ for a similar device using an electric current. |
| 604, | Surgery,
subclass 6.09 for membrane separation devices used in blood treat |
|
| | |
| 97 | FLOW, FLUID PRESSURE OR MATERIAL LEVEL, RESPONSIVE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means responsive to variations in flow, material
level or fluid pressure to control means to effect an operation
or change in an operating condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 156+, | for a fluid stream or residue operated flume stream
type separator. |
| 349, | for a filter with pulsation dampening means. |
| 354, | for a filter medium or cleaner or agitator moved
by fluid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 258 for paper making apparatus having automatic control
of stock consistency, and subclass 259 for automatic control
of stock feed to the foraminous forming screen. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclass 662 for an electrical or magnetic apparatus to separate
or purify a liquid with a control means responsive to a sensed liquid
level. |
|
| | |
| 99 | Prefilt deverting to drain by prefilt accumulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus in which there is means for diverting the initial
charge of prefilt to drain, said means being responsive
to accumulation of prefilt in a nonseparating receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130+, | for a fluid pressure responsive bypass. |
| 421, | for a filter with a manually operated prefilt deflector. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 120 for self-controlled branched flow systems having
alternate outflows including liquid level sensing means. |
|
| | |
| 100 | Flow cut-off requiring reset: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus which causes a flow controller to close, after
which a necessary resetting operation must be preformed by an external
operator. |
| | |
| 101 | Proportionate feed means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus including means to maintain the ratio between
plural flows at a predetermined value in response to means sensing
a change in fluid condition in at least one of the flow lines.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 105, | for diverse condition responsive controls one of
which controls an auxiliary liquid inlet. |
| 127, | for a separator having a float controlled auxiliary
fluid inlet. |
| 198+, | for separatory means having means to add treating
material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 9 for self-proportioning fluid handling
processes and subclasses 98+ for self-proportioning
apparatus. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclass 57 for dispensing devices which are automatically controlled
by the weight, volume or pressure of a second dispensed
material, and subclass 130 for plural sources at least
one of which is nondispensing. |
|
| | |
| 105 | With control for auxiliary liquid inlet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus including the control of introduction of an auxiliary
liquid to a treatment chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101, | for separatory apparatus combined with means to
feed treating material thereto proportionately to the material being
treated. |
|
| | |
| 106 | Filter cleaning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus relating to means to rehabilitate or clean a filter
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 407+, | for filter means combined with cleaning means. |
|
| | |
| 108 | Backwash or blowback: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Apparatus comprising backwash or blowback means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 420+, | for a filter provided with a flow controller providing
selective direction flow therethrough. |
|
| | |
| 109 | Discharge of treated material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus which controls a treated material discharge outlet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 395+ for liquid level responsive outlet controls for
tanks of general utility, and subclasses 577+ for
fluid handling tanks of general utility having adjustable outlets, especially
subclass 578 for float supported outlets. |
|
| | |
| 116 | Permitted by filtrate accumulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Apparatus wherein the discharge outlet is normally closed
and permits discharge of filtrate responsive to filtrate accumulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 114, | for means controlling discharge of a heavier constituent
responsive to treated liquid accumulation. |
| 117+, | for valve means responsive to change in direction
of the flow to prevent backflow. |
|
| | |
| 117 | Check valve controlled: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Apparatus including flow control means allowing flow in
only one direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for means maintaining stream pressure or flow in
separatory apparatus. |
|
| | |
| 119 | Float type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus comprising a float operated valve means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 247.15+ for line condition change responsive flow controllers
combined with liquid seal traps, subclasses 409+ for
float operated valves, and subclasses 455+ for
line condition responsive valves, especially subclasses
511+ for check valves. |
|
| | |
| 120 | Vent control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus comprising means controlling an opening above
a liquid level for entrance or exit of a gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130+, | for a liquid bypass which may also serve as a vent. |
| 472, | for a filter means with vent means. |
|
| | |
| 121 | Float: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus in which the responsive means is a float.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 104, | for diverse sensing means responsive to material
level. |
|
| | |
| 127 | Additional fluid inlet control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus in which the valve means controls admission of
a fluid other than liquid being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101+, | for a separator with proportionate feed means for
adding treating material. |
| 198+, | for a separator with means to add treating material. |
|
| | |
| 130 | Fluid pressure responsive by-pass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus comprising means responsive to pressure to bypass
liquids around treatment means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 99, | for means to divert on initial charge of prefilt
to drain. |
| 790, | for separating processes involving dividing and
recombining the flow. |
|
| | |
| 131 | By movement of separation medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus in which the responsive means is a separating
element or filter medium which provides a bypass by flexing or compression thereof
or by movement in its entirety.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 356, | for fluid operated means to flex a filter means
during operation. |
| 398+, | for movable elements within a casing, the
movement of which may open a bypass. |
| 738, | for processes including pulsation or oscillation
essential to the separation or purification. |
|
| | |
| 133 | In inlet and outlet closure header: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus in which a separator casing is closed by a unitary
attached header which header includes at least an inlet and an outlet
and the pressure response bypass means therebetween. |
| | |
| 134 | Plural elements controlled: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus including plural variable flow affecting elements, at
least one of which is controlled by the sensing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103+, | for apparatus including diverse sensing means controlling
an operating phase or phases in a separator. |
| 110, | for line condition responsive means controlling
discharge of treated material and the inlet to a separator. |
| 115, | for line condition responsive means controlling
discharge of a heavier constituent and discharge of a lighter constituent. |
|
| | |
| 136 | Check valve: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus having means responsive to a change in a flow
line condition acting of the face of a valve disc or plug itself
to permit flow in one direction only.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103, | for diverse sensing means. |
| 117+, | for a check valve controlling discharge of treated
material. |
| 120, | for a check valve controlled vent. |
| 130+, | for a fluid pressure responsive bypass. |
| 416, | for valves which form a part of a pump organization. |
|
| | |
| 137 | Maintaining stream pressure or flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus to regulate pressure of or rate of flow of a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 111, | for means discharging treated material responsive
to filter clogging. |
| 114, | for means discharging the heavier constituent responsive
to treated liquid accumulation. |
| 116, | for discharge of treated material responsive to
filtrate accumulation. |
| 130, | for a fluid pressure responsive bypass. |
|
| | |
| 138 | WITH TIME CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the time at which an element of an treating
means is actuated, or the length of time taken to perform
an operation thereof is controlled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclasses 12 and 23+ for treating machines having centrifugal
extractor features and time-controlled means associated
therewith. |
|
| | |
| 141 | WITH PROGRAM ACTUATOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which an actuating means provides either a
continuously repetitive operation of a treating device or a single
operation terminating in a position to restart an additional cycle, which
cycle is more complex than a mere starting or stopping of a single
treating device. |
| | |
| 143 | AUTOMATIC CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to sense some condition of a treatment
operation and operate a control device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 86, | for a material level responsive indicator. |
| 87, | for a fluid flow responsive indicator. |
| 90, | for a fluid pressure responsive indicator. |
| 96.1+, | for control responsive to constituent mixture variation. |
| 97+, | for control by fluid flow, fluid pressure
or material level responsive means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 87.01+ for self proportioning or correlated fluid handling
systems of general utility. |
|
| | |
| 144 | Responsive to vibration or unbalance: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus responsive to vibration or unbalance of a movable
part of treating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 363+, | for a centrifugal extractor with rotation stabilizer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 572+ for flywheels and rotors with balancing or vibration
dampening means defining no specific feature of separator construction. |
| 192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses 116+ for power-stop control of more general
utility. |
| 318, | Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclasses 445+ for a motor control systems, particularly
subclass 460 for vibration responsive control. |
|
| | |
| 145 | Responsive to rotation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus responsive to a condition of rotation of a part
of the treating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 144, | for vibration or unbalance responsive control. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses 103+ for a speed responsive clutch for a centrifugal
extractor. |
|
| | |
| 146 | Controlled cover latch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus in which there is a treatment casing provided
with a closure and a latch controlled by the rotation responsive
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclass 136 for an automatic cover latch control for a centrifugal
extractor. |
|
| | |
| 147 | Controlled discharge means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus which controls a discharge means for a constituent
of the class subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109+, | for control of discharge responsive to fluid flow, pressure
or material level. |
|
| | |
| 148 | Container movement operated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus operated accidentally or unintentionally by movement
of a container used in a treating operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 235, | for actuation of a flow controller on assembly of
parts. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 43 for a vent valve opened or closed by the tipping of
a container. |
|
| | |
| 149 | Thermal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus having means responsive to a thermal condition. |
| | |
| 150 | WITH GAS-LIQUID SURFACE CONTACT MEANS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus consisting of solid contact means to increase
the surface area of a liquid in a gas-liquid contact device
whereby the contact is enhanced.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for gas and liquid contact
apparatus there provided for. |
|
| | |
| 153 | STRUCTURAL INSTALLATION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with (1) means performing
an operation external to the subject matter of this class, (2) combined
with a static construction installation, (3) specifically related
to a particular geographic feature wherein there is included only
enough structure foreign to this class (210) to
associate it with the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 241+, | for a separator combined with a movable support. |
| 244+, | for a draining type separator comprising a portable
receptacle with a hood or closure. |
| 419, | for a filter attached to or within a portable prefilt
receiver having a flow controller for the material being treated. |
| 464+, | a portable receptacle draining type filter. |
| 473+, | for a filter resting on a supporting receiver. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and
Spittoons, appropriate subclasses particularly
subclass 652 for strainers combined with sink structure and
subclasses 286+ for strainers and stoppers peculiar to
that art. |
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 318+ for a dredger combined with a screen separator. |
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclasses 19+ for a laundry machine combined with a fluid extractor, and subclasses
235+ for a separator combined with a washing machine drain. |
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclass 408 for a deep fat fryer type cooker having crumb or
sediment segregation means. |
| 122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,
subclass 431 for a filter in a boiler. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 140 for a siphon combined with a separatory means, and
subclasses 343+ for a structural installation of a fluid
handling apparatus. |
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators,
subclass 42 for a concentrating evaporator combined with a
strainer or skimmer. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 189.06+ for a dispenser with a strainer, and subclass 565
for a sifting dispenser. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 289.1+ for fermentation apparatus including separating
means, particularly subclass 295.3 for a bioreactor
with the combination of a draft tube and a semipermeable membrane
or filter, subclasses 297.1+ for a bioreactor
including a semipermeable membrane or filter, and subclass
308.1 for an apparatus for separating a microorganism from culture
media. |
|
| | |
| 154 | Flume stream type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus comprising separating means placed in or at the
entrance of an open channel confining a flowing stream to prevent
solids, such as debris or fish, from passing downstream.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 131, | for a movable animal stop in a sewer comprising
a fluid pressure responsive bypass. |
| 173+, | for flume stream type separators with comminuting
means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 118+ for specific open channel construction or flow
control features other than that forming the inlet and outlet to
a separator. |
|
| | |
| 155 | Plural or diverse screens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus including plural, spaced, straining elements
or straining elements of different shapes or kinds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294+, | for diverse distinct separators of general utility. |
| 322+, | for plural distinct separators of general utility. |
|
| | |
| 156 | Fluid stream or residue operated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus moved by the flowing stream or by a collection
of residue on the separator medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 354+, | for filter structure similarly operated. |
|
| | |
| 162 | Fixed strainer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus in which the separating means is a strainer stationarily
mounted in the fluid stream. |
| | |
| 163 | Grated inlet surface drain: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Structures including a strainer in outlet means which provide
drain means for a surface, as a floor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 116, | for a grated surface inlet drain including means
responsive to filtrate accumulation permitting discharge of treated
material. |
| 119, | for a grated surface drains having back-flow
preventing means. |
| 247, | for a strainer with a filtrate deflector. |
| 459, | for a pipe or plate attached filter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and
Spittoons, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclasses 268+ , 275+, 286+, 596+, 640+, and
650+ for plumbing apparatus including drains with grated
inlets. |
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclass 12 for cover with an eave or valley gutter with a
separator. |
| 285, | Pipe Joints or Couplings,
subclass 42 for flashed pipe-to-plate joint. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or
Apparatus,
subclasses 2+ for roadway drain or gutter structure. |
|
| | |
| 165 | With subsurface weep means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Structures which include means to dispose of subsurface
see page e.g., weep holes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 285, | Pipe Joints or Couplings,
subclass 14 for a pipe joint including leakage or drip disposal
means comprising a weep hole. |
|
| | |
| 166 | Concentric guard ring or rib: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus comprising a concentric ring or rib between the
strainer and its associated surface wherein the ring or rib projects
above the plane of the surface. |
| | |
| 167.01 | Closed circulating system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus comprising a group of devices, including
liquid purification or separation means, through which
the liquid being purified or separated is continuously returned
and reused.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
including recirculation means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclass 18 for textile fluid treating apparatus including
recirculation means and liquid purification or separation
means for the used solvent. |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 600+ for coating apparatus with means for treatment
of the coating material involving recirculation and liquid purification
or separation. |
| 123, | Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclass 41.55 for internal- combustion engine cooling
system combined with liquid purification or separation means and
subclass 196 for internal- combustion engine lubricator
means combined with liquid purification or separation means. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,
subclasses 10+ and 109+ for cleaning and liquid contact
with solids processes and apparatus including means for purifying
or separating the cleaning or contact liquid. |
|
| | |
| 167.02 | For lubrication system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use in a closed circulating system that provides
lubricant to moving parts of a machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 416.5, | for a filter, with a pump, gas
pressure, or suction source, adapted for use
in a lubricating or oil treating system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 123, | Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclass 196 for internal- combustion engine lubricator
means combined with liquid purification or separation means. |
| 184, | Lubrication,
subclass 1.5 for automobile crank and gear case service apparatus
including liquid purification of separation means and subclasses 6.24+ for
lubrication systems combined with liquid purification or separation
means. |
|
| | |
| 167.03 | Having magnetic treating means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02. Apparatus having means that attract iron and certain other
materials because of a surrounding field of force produced by
motion of its atomic electrons and alignment of its atoms.
| | (1)
Note. The magnetic treating means generally is used
to cause separation of iron-containing material from the
lubricant. However, the magnetic treating means may
subject the lubricant to a process that otherwise improves or alters
the lubricant (e.g., mixing, etc.). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.29, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system having magnetic treating
means not for a lubrication system. |
| 222+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
including magnetic treating means not in a closed circulating system. |
|
| | |
| 167.06 | With heating or cooling means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02. Apparatus that has means to raise or lower the temperature
of the lubricant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.32, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system with heating or cooling means
not for a lubrication system. |
| 175+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
with a heater or a heat exchanger not in a closed circulating system. |
|
| | |
| 167.07 | Evaporator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.06. Apparatus in which the means to raise the temperature
of the lubricant vaporizes a component to be separated. |
| | |
| 167.08 | Separator for transmission system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use in a closed circulating system that comprises
an assembly of parts by which power is transmitted from an engine
to a drive axle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 337+ for motor vehicle transmission mechanisms. |
|
| | |
| 167.1 | For swimming pool or spa (e.g., skimmer, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use with a tank, made of concrete, plastic, or
other materials, for holding water that is open at the top
for a user to enter, for swimming, relaxation, or
recreation (e.g., swimming pool, spa, hot
tub, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 416.2, | for a filter, with a pump, gas
pressure, or suction source, adapted for use with
a swimming pool. |
| 470, | for a filter with a handle. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and
Spittoons,
subclasses 488+ for pools for swimming, relaxation, or
recreation. |
|
| | |
| 167.11 | With means to add treating material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is combined with means to supply a substance to the water
being purified or separated that subjects the water to a chemical
or physical process that improves or alters the water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.3, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system with means to add a treating
material not for a swimming pool or spa. |
| 198.1+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
with means to add a treating material not in a closed circulating system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 255+ for physical type apparatus having means separating
or dissolving a material constituent, particularly
subclasses 261+ for liquid-solid contact means and
particularly subclass 265 for buoyant holders. |
|
| | |
| 167.12 | Separator external to swimming pool or spa: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is located outside of the swimming pool or spa.
| | (1)
Note. The liquid purification or separation means
may be attached to the exterior of the swimming pool or spa or may be
connected to the swimming pool or spa by a system of pipes. | |
| | |
| 167.13 | Particulate solid filter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.12. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means comprises a plurality of small, distinct, separate, nonfilamentous solids
in which a component of the water is entrapped and retained while
permitting the water to pass through (e.g., sand
filter, etc.). |
| | |
| 167.17 | Debris collecting bag: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.16. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means comprises a usually flexible container that may be closed
that is used to gather the component that is separated from the
water. |
| | |
| 167.18 | Skimmer arm at skimmer opening at water surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means comprises a deflecting device that is positioned at a surface
of the water that is highest at an opening of a weir in a wall of the
swimming pool or spa and that diverts a portion of the water and
debris into the opening. |
| | |
| 167.19 | Mesh or screen filter at or near water surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means comprises a material with an open network of interlacing
threads or wires in which a component of the water is entrapped and
retained while permitting the water to pass through and is located
at or near a surface of the water that is highest in the swimming
pool or spa. |
| | |
| 167.21 | For aquarium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use with a water-filled container
in which aquatic animals are kept, with the container
having one or more transparent portions so that the aquatic animals
therein can be observed from the exterior.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 416.2, | for a filter, with a pump, gas
pressure, or suction source, adapted for
use in an aquarium. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 119, | Animal Husbandry,
subclasses 259+ for specific aquarium structure in combination
with liquid purification or separation means. |
|
| | |
| 167.22 | Separator using living organism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means includes an agent that has the ability to reproduce itself.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, living
organism includes animals, plants, and microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungus, algae, etc.),
but not enzymes. The organism may reproduce sexually, asexually, or
by mechanical division (caused by external agents) and
regeneration (e.g., layering
or cloning, etc.). | |
| | |
| 167.24 | Having solid sorbent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.23. Apparatus having a solid sorbent that is used to retain
on its internal or external surfaces a component of the water
passing in contact therewith.
| | (1)
Note. A solid sorbent is a solid material that separates
one or more components from a fluid mixture containing such
components in a "quasi-chemical" manner.
The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e., the
sorbent removes only that part of the fluid mixture for which
it has the greatest affinity). The retained component
cannot be removed by shaking, brushing, or similar mechanical
action, but can generally be removed by heating, pressure
reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid.
A filter has no particular "chemical" affinity
for a component of a fluid mixture. The separation in the
case of a filter depends on a mechanical entrapment of solid particles
because of their relatively large size compared with the interstices or
spaces between individual elements of the filter. The retained
particles can be removed by brushing, wiping, shaking, or
similar mechanical action. | |
| | |
| 167.25 | Particulate filter or particulate sorbent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means comprises a plurality of small, distinct, separate, nonfilamentous solids
in which a component of the water is entrapped and retained while
permitting the water to pass through or apparatus having a solid
sorbent that is used to retain on its internal or external surfaces
a component of the water passing in contact therewith.
| | (1)
Note. A solid sorbent is a solid material that separates
one or more components from a fluid mixture containing such
components in a "quasi-chemical" manner.
The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e., the
sorbent removes only that part of the fluid mixture for which
it has the greatest affinity). The retained component
cannot be removed by shaking, brushing, or similar mechanical
action, but can generally be removed by heating, pressure
reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid.
A filter has no particular "chemical" affinity
for a component of a fluid mixture. The separation in
the case of a filter depends on a mechanical entrapment of solid
particles because of their relatively large size compared with the
interstice or spaces between individual elements of the filter. The
retained particles can be removed by brushing, wiping, shaking, or
similar mechanical action. | |
| | |
| 167.26 | Separator with aerator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is combined with means to supply the water with a gas (e.g., oxygen, air, etc.). |
| | |
| 167.28 | For cooking oil system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use with a cooking apparatus in which food
articles or materials are supported or manipulated for heat treating
by contact with a body of heated oil (e.g., deep
fat fryer, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclass 408 for a deep fat fryer type cooker with crumb or
sediment segregation means. |
|
| | |
| 167.29 | Having magnetic treating means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus having means that attract iron and certain other
materials because of a surrounding field of force produced by the motion
of its atomic electrons and the alignment of its atoms.
| | (1)
Note. The magnetic treating means generally is used
to cause separation of iron-containing material from the
liquid. However, the magnetic treating means may
subject the liquid to a process that otherwise improves or alters
the liquid (e.g., mixing, etc.). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.03, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system having magnetic treating
means for a lubrication system. |
| 222+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
including magnetic treating means not in a closed circulating system. |
|
| | |
| 167.3 | With means to add treating material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is combined with means to supply a substance to the liquid
being purified or separated that subjects the liquid to a chemical
or physical process that improves or alters the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.11, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system with means to add a treating
material for a swimming pool or spa. |
| 198.1+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
with means to add a treating material not in a closed circulating system. |
|
| | |
| 167.32 | With heating or cooling means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01. Apparatus that has means to raise or lower the temperature
of the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.06, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system with heating or cooling means
for a lubrication system. |
| 175+, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
with a heater or a heat exchanger not in a closed circulating system. |
|
| | |
| 170.01 | Geographic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus in which liquid purification or separation means
are part of a system installed in the ground or related to a particular
feature of the earth s surface (e.g., a
body of water, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Included in this subclass is in situ purging
of flowing or still liquid (e.g., drainage
ditch, septic system, pond, etc.) in
a structural installation in which the liquid purification or separation
means is (a) part of a system installed on natural or
modified terrain to convey rain, snowmelt, a river, sewage, well
water or oil, etc. or (b) related
to a particular nonland geographic feature, such as
a lake, ocean, sea, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 154+, | for a flume stream type separator. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 236.1 for a distribution system involving a geographic
feature. |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 36+ for drainage devices for collecting and removing
surplus water from soil and subclasses 52+ for fluid
control, treatment, or containment. |
|
| | |
| 170.02 | For fishpond: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use with a small, still body of
clear water stocked with fish.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 119, | Animal Husbandry,
subclasses 226+ for a fish enclosure of the recirculating type
with treatment means and subclasses 228+ for a fish enclosure of
the nonrecirculating type with treatment means. |
|
| | |
| 170.03 | For stormwater treatment (e.g., rainwater runoff, stormsewer
treatment, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use to subject fallen precipitation to a chemical
or physical process that improves or alters the fallen precipitation (e.g., rainwater
runoff, stormsewer treatment, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 163+, | for a grated inlet surface drain. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclass 12 for a roof with a surface water receiver at an
eave with a separator. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or
Apparatus,
subclasses 2 through 5for roadway drain or gutter structure. |
|
| | |
| 170.04 | For excavating means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is adapted for use with an apparatus that digs,
moves, and handles material either on the earth s surface
or beneath a body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating, for excavating apparatus. |
|
| | |
| 170.06 | Separator with aerator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is combined with means to supply the liquid with a gas (e.g., oxygen, air, etc.). |
| | |
| 170.07 | Groundwater: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means purifies or separates water within the earth s surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 166, | Wells, for well apparatus. |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 128.1+ for soil remediation. |
|
| | |
| 170.08 | Septic system including drain field or leach field or waste
liquid treatment system: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means comprises a tank in which a continuous flow of waste material
is decomposed by bacteria and from which liquids overflow through
an outlet of the tank into a disposal field where they can leach
into the soil or comprises a group of devices including liquid purification
or separation means that purify or separate the waste liquid.
| | (1)
Note. While septic tanks are normally found to be
underground, the term septic tank is not considered to
be a geographic feature. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 532.2, | for a septic tank not associated with a geographic
feature. |
|
| | |
| 170.1 | Surface flowing freshwater (e.g., stream, river, ditch, canal, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Apparatus in which the particular feature of the earth
s surface that the liquid purification or separation means is
related to is a bounded aggregate of nonsalty, running
water flowing on the earth s surface (e.g., stream, river, ditch, canal, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 154+, | for a flume stream type separator. |
|
| | |
| 171 | Machinery: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus including means having moving parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.02 | through 167.09, for a closed circulating system for a lubrication
system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclass 208 for fluid textile treating means having a drain
and strainer means associated therewith. |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclass 610 for reconditioning by separation of coating materials. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,
subclass 104 for cleaning apparatus having material collectors (e.g., strainers) for
escaping cleaning liquid. |
|
| | |
| 172.5 | Having tethering means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.2. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is fastened to a part of the supply container by something (e.g., a
rope or chain, etc.) with a set radius
that allows the liquid purification or separation means to move about. |
| | |
| 172.6 | In tank inlet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.1. Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation
means is located at the opening to the supply container. |
| | |
| 173 | COMMINUTING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising unitary separators and means to comminute
solids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 154+, | for a flume stream type separator, per se. |
| 359+, | for a movable filter or separator which may break
up "flocs" or residue incidental to agitation
or material handling. |
| 407, | for a filter having means for agitation of the liquid. |
| 769, | for related processes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, and see the reference to Class 210 in section 8
of the class definition. |
|
| | |
| 174 | Cylindrical strainer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Apparatus in which the separating medium comprises a cylindrical
filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 161, | for a revolvable flume screen strainer, per
se. |
| 402+, | for a movable drum type filter. |
|
| | |
| 175 | WITH HEATER OR HEAT EXCHANGER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having heat exchanging means comprising an imperforate
heat transfer member, radiant heater or heat generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.06, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system for a lubrication system with
heating or cooling means. |
| 167.32, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system with heating or cooling
means. |
| 768+, | for separating processes with treatment of separated
solids, and subclasses 774+ for separating processes involving
treatment by heating or cooling. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 62, | Refrigeration, for refrigeration means or steps combined with fluid
cooling or gas liquefaction or solidification. For particular
subclasses in Class 62 involving refrigeration and fluid separation, see
the reference to Class 62 in the class definition of this class (210). |
| 96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for gas separation apparatus
combined with heating or cooling means. |
| 122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,
subclasses 379+ for processes and apparatus for cleaning liquid
heaters or vaporizers or for purifying the water while the boiler
is in operation. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 343.5 for melting furnaces which may include liquid separating
means. |
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators,
subclass 42 for strainers or skimmers specialized for that
class. |
| 165, | Heat Exchange,
subclass 119 for a heat exchange with an ancillary filter. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus,
subclass 178 for combined distilland preheater and strainer, and
subclasses 202+ for still with condensate treating means. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus,
subclasses 277+ for apparatus for separating molten metal for undesired
constituents. |
|
| | |
| 176 | Thermal diffusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus which separate a liquid mixture into two or more
dissimilar fractions by subjecting a thin film of liquid mixture
to a temperature gradient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 775, | for related processes. |
|
| | |
| 182 | Diverse separators: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in which the separators are of different kinds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294+, | for other diverse distinct separators. |
|
| | |
| 186 | External of casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus wherein the heat exchanger is external of the
means confining the liquid undergoing treatment. |
| | |
| 188 | WITH GAS SEPARATOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with a gas or vapor separator, which
is more than a mere vent and must (1) remove gases
evolved during a treating operation or (2) treat
gas removed from a Class 210 separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 472, | for a filter with vent means. |
| 539, | for a gravitational separator having a vent. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas separation, per se. See the
Class 210 class definition for an amplification of the line. |
|
| | |
| 189 | PLURAL CHAMBERS WITH MOVEMENT OF GRANULES THEREBETWEEN: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means providing distinct chambers or
areas for solid-liquid contact with means for circulating
granular separatory material between at least two of the chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 268, | for a separator having means providing gravity flow
of particles therethrough. |
| 270, | for moving rehabilitation means which pick up and
redeposit particles on the same bed. |
| 271+, | for surface traversing rehabilitation means for
a particulate material bed. |
|
| | |
| 190 | WITH EXTERNAL SUPPLY MEANS FOR REGENERATING MEDIUM, E.G., WATER
SOFTENING SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which means is provided for the purpose of
conveying, preparing or storing a liquid which is used
to restore a chemical affinity of the separatory medium. |
| | |
| 192 | WITH PRELIMINARY CHEMICAL MANUFACTURE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Systems comprising means to make one or more of the chemical
reagents used in the treatment combined with apparatus of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 715, | for processes of seeding with sludge of the system. |
| 716+, | for processes including reagent manufacture. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 186.8+ for ozonizers with preparatory or product treating
means; and subclass 186.23 for arc or spark discharge
reactors having preparatory or product treating means. |
|
| | |
| 193 | WITH PRECOAT ADDING OR APPLYING MEANS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus with means to apply an additional solid material
usually discrete particles, as a coating to a filtering
medium, the additional material then acting as a primary
filtering medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 503+, | for diverse granular or fibrous filter materials. |
| 506+, | for a coated or impregnated filter material. |
| 777+, | for separating processes including use of a filter
aid. |
|
| | |
| 194 | RECIRCULATION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which at least a portion of the fluent material
is circulated in a closed circuit from and back to the separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.01 | through 167.32 , for a structural installation with a
closed circulating system. |
| 189, | for separatory apparatus including means to circulate
filter particles between plural chambers. |
| 621+, | 712+, 765, and 805, for
separating processes including recirculation. |
| 779, | for processes with residual returned to prefilt. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 268 for infiltration means ancillary to a fluid handling
system, and subclass 563 for a closed circulating system
of general utility. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclass 238 for an electrolytic cell which includes a filter
and recirculating means. |
|
| | |
| 196 | Of filtrate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus in which filtrate is returned to prefilt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 409+, | for a filter with fluid cleaning involving mere
return of filtrate for backwashing. |
|
| | |
| 197 | From bottom of separator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Apparatus in which the material recirculated is removed
from a bottom portion of the separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 713, | for processes of precipitation including return
of removed solids to the separator. |
|
| | |
| 198.1 | WITH MEANS TO ADD TREATING MATERIAL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means to add a treating material.
| | (1)
Note. By "treating material" is
meant (a) a material, usually a fluid, having
a function other than rehabilitating a separating medium or cleaning
a separator, (b) a fluid merely serving
as a source of pressure, or (c) a fluid
not in itself serving as a separating medium. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 96.1+, | for separators with constituent mixture variation
controls. |
| 101, | for flow fluid pressure or material level proportional
feed means. |
| 105, | for diverse sensing including control means for
an auxiliary liquid inlet. |
| 127, | for a float controlled valve controlling an additional
fluid inlet. |
| 151, | for a separator and gas-liquid surface contact
means. |
| 167.11, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system for a swimming pool or spa
with means to add a treating material. |
| 167.3, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system with means to add a treating
material. |
| 177+, | for separators with a heater or heat exchanger and
treating fluid addition means. |
| 192, | for a separator with preliminary chemical manufacturing
means. |
| 296, | and 511, for separators using a liquid as
a separating medium. |
| 601+, | particularly subclasses 11 and 15+, for processes
of teating by living organisms. |
| 633, | and 634+, for processes of extraction from
liquid by solvent or solute. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 87.01+ for self-proportioning and correlating systems; and
subclass 268 for holders for materials to be entrained into a fluid
handling system. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,
subclasses 2+ for such apparatus combined with means for separating
constituents from the contact liquid; and subclasses 75+ for
gas and liquid contact devices, per se. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for extracting, leaching, or dissolving
apparatus. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving processes therein provided for; and
subclass 658.5 for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving processes not otherwise provided for. |
|
| | |
| 198.2 | Chromatography: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus for carrying out the process of chromatography.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 656+, | for process involving chromatography. |
|
| | |
| 199 | Spaced along flow path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus wherein at least two distinct treating material
feeding means supply to inlets spaced with respect to the direction
of the flow of material being treated. |
| | |
| 201 | Serially connected: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Systems connected in such a manner that at least one of
the separating means delivers to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 571+ for plural tanks or compartments connected for
serial flow. |
|
| | |
| 205 | With distinct reactor tank, trough or compartment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Systems comprising structure providing a distinct reactor
tank, trough or compartment wherein the plural in-flows
are intermingled to enhance reaction (e.g., precipitation), said
tank, trough or compartment being in series with the separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209+, | for tanks, troughs or compartments which
serve both as a reactor and as a separator. |
|
| | |
| 206 | Chemical holder in series with separator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus comprising a single flow path having the separating
means in seral relation with means for holding a chemical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 199, | for plural material inlets spaced along a flow path. |
|
| | |
| 208 | With mechanical agitator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Systems comprising movable mechanical means to cause materials
to commingle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 407+, | for fixed filter and liquid agitating means. |
|
| | |
| 209 | Directly applied to separator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus provided with means to add the treating material
directly to the separator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for textile treating apparatus combined
with a liquid remover, particularly
subclass 1 for waste reclaiming apparatus, subclasses
5+ for gas steam or mist treating, subclass 18
for solvent recovery, and subclasses 19+ for fluid
extractor combinations. |
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclasses 16+ for means for purging sugar crystals. |
|
| | |
| 210 | To interior of moving filter, e.g., drum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus wherein the material to be separated and the treating
material are directly introduced into the interior space of the
separator element which moves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclasses 12 and 237 for textile treating apparatus having textile
washing features in addition to a liquid extractor. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 258+ and 269+ for rotary extractor or leacher. |
|
| | |
| 215 | With effluent dividing means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus including means for dividing the separated effluent
into a plurality of fractions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 378, | for a centrifugal extractor with a filtrate receiving
means having plural filtrate outlets. |
|
| | |
| 217 | Drum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus in which the moving filter medium comprises a
rotary drum. |
| | |
| 218 | Gas removed from closed tank: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus provided with means to remove gases or vapors
from a liquid treating tank which is closed except for fluid handling
inlets and/or outlets.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 219 | With mechanical agitator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which there is a mechanical agitator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 402+, | for a drum having an agitator fixed thereto. |
| 407+, | for fixed filters with liquid agitating means. |
|
| | |
| 220 | Submerged fluid inlet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the exit from the additional fluid introducing
means is submerged in the liquid being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 43, | Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,
subclasses 56+ for minnow buckets having aerating means. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,
subclasses 121+ for submerged blast liquid and gas contact devices. |
|
| | |
| 221.1 | With outlet at surface, e.g., froth: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus in which there is a means to remove a lighter
constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 162+ for flotation processes and apparatus for separating
one solid component from another. |
|
| | |
| 222 | MAGNETIC: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including magnetic treating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.03, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system for a lubrication system
having magnetic treating means. |
| 167.29, | for liquid purification or separation apparatus
comprising a closed circulating system having magnetic treating
means. |
| 695, | for processes of precipitation which may involve
magnetic separation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, particularly
subclasses 155+ for the production of a compound or element by
chemical reaction brought about by electrical or wave energy in a
magnetic field; subclasses 157.15+ for
processes of treating materials involving a chemical reaction brought about
by wave energy; and subclasses 660+ for a liquid
treatment apparatus which is specialized for: magnetic treatment, per
se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired or
produced or simultaneous electrical and magnetic separation of the
liquid which does not result in the production of a compound or
element by chemical reaction brought about by electrical or wave
energy in a magnetic field. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 38 , 39, 40, 212, 213+, and
478 for processes and apparatus involving applying a magnetic field
to material (which may be suspended in a liquid) for
the purpose of separating one solid component from another. |
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and
Electromagnets,
subclasses 209+ for magnets and electromagnets, per se. |
|
| | |
| 224 | SECTIONAL CHAMBER PRESS TYPE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising abutting filter plates or alternating
abutting filter plates and spacing frames which are pressed together
by at least one movable end member, the end members, plates
and/or frames when pressed together constituting a casing
which is closed except for fluid handling connections.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 185, | for heater or heat exchanger combinations wherein
the heater or heat exchanger is embedded or between filter media. |
| 323+, | for plural distinct filters. |
| 445, | for a filter element clamped in a casing joint. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 100, | Presses, appropriate subclasses particularly
subclasses 113+ and 194+ for presses which force filter
plates or frames towards each other to express the liquid by mechanical
pressure. |
|
| | |
| 226 | With porous filler: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in which the filtering medium comprises a mass
of fibers or discrete particles within the filter plates or frames.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 263+, | for a particulate material type separator. |
| 317, | for spaced diverse filters including nonself supporting
media. |
| 343, | for stacked elements having liquid distributors
separating filter media, including porous masses. |
| 417, | for a liquid distributor imbedded in a filter mass. |
|
| | |
| 227 | Medium clamped in joint: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in which the filtering medium is clamped at and
between the peripheral edges of plate or frame sections.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 445, | for other filter mediums clamped in a casing joint. |
|
| | |
| 228 | With spacing frame: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which the filtering medium is clamped at and
between the peripheral edges of the spacing frames and filter plate
sections. |
| | |
| 229 | Imperforate base recess in plate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which the filter sections are of I or channel
cross-section forming a recess, the web of which
is imperforate except for filtrate drain openings, and
the filter medium abuts the web within the recess.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 455, | for modified spacing surfaces or supports for a
filter medium. |
|
| | |
| 231 | Plates or frames: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus comprising frame and/or plate structure, per
se, restricted to use with sectional chamber press type
filter elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 230, | for plates and frames having supporting means which
aid in assembling and disassembling. |
| 541, | for separator adjuncts of general application. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 100, | Presses,
subclasses 295+ for platens or pressure surfaces there provided for. |
|
| | |
| 232 | WITH REPAIR OR ASSEMBLING MEANS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which is provided with auxiliary means, in
addition to the parts making up the separation or treatment apparatus
or the means to secure said parts in operative relation, to
aid in assembling or disassembling said apparatus or a subcombination
thereof; or to restore, or aid in restoring the
apparatus or a subcombination thereof to its former condition after
decay, injury, or partial destruction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 230, | for a sectional chamber press having repair or assembly
means. |
| 329, | for separators relatively movable during treatment. |
| 350+, | for adjustable means compressing a filter medium
within a container even though the operator for the compressing
means can be moved to inoperative position. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 315.01 through 329.4for a fluid handling system with repair, tapping, or
assembly means. |
|
| | |
| 233 | Piercing or closure knock out means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus for piercing a container, or for knocking
out a closure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 235, | for a device in which placement of a container opens
a flow controller. |
| 240, | for a sealed filter unit provided with a frangible
or knockout section for conversion of flow direction. |
|
| | |
| 236 | Sliding or rolling on guide means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus including guide means, on which the element
to be assembled or disassembled rolls or slides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 241, | for a separator mounted on a movable support. |
|
| | |
| 237 | Hoist or handle means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus comprising (1) a handle attached
to a separating element, or (2) means
attached to a separating element cooperating with a hoist.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 249, | for a leg, hanger or bracket for a filter assembly. |
|
| | |
| 238 | Hand manipulable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus which is hand manipulable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 244+, | for a portable receptacle having a closure with
a handle. |
| 464+, | for a handled portable receptacle and drainer. |
| 470+, | for a filter element having handle means. |
|
| | |
| 239 | CONVERTIBLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus so constructed that its mode of operation can
be changed by reassembling all or some of its parts in a different
relationship to each other or by addition or omission of a part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 473+, | for a filter unit having adjustable supporting means
or having plural supporting surfaces. |
|
| | |
| 241 | WITH MOVABLE SUPPORT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which is movably supported.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 236, | for slide or roller guide means for assembly. |
| 237+, | for assembling hoist or handle means. |
| 249+, | for a bracket or leg support for a static separator
assembly. |
| 271+, | for the mounting of rehabilitation means for movement
with respect to a particulate bed. |
| 359+, | for a filter having a medium movable for treating
purposes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 899+ for a vehicle mounted distribution system. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclass 421 for a vehicle mounted sifter. |
|
| | |
| 242.1 | Float: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus in which the assembly is buoyantly supported.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 121+, | for fluid flow or material level responsive floats
having a controlling function. |
|
| | |
| 243 | ELECTRICAL INSULATING OR ELECTRICITY DISCHARGING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which parts are electrically insulated or there
is means to discharge electricity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 212+ for static electricity discharging of more general
utility. |
|
| | |
| 244 | PORTABLE RECEPTACLE WITH HOOD OR CLOSURE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a filter incorporated in a portable
receptacle not having any flow connections attached thereto, which receptacle
is provided with (1) a hood, or (2) means
forming a complete closure of the top side thereof, which
closure may have a foraminous section provided with means for completely
covering such section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 380+, | for a rotating centrifugal extractor element having
a removable closure. |
| 464+, | for a portable receptacle draining type filter. |
| 473+, | for a filter removably supported on a portable container. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 141, | Fluid Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses, for fluent material
handling devices, with receiver or receiver coacting means. |
| 220, | Receptacles,
subclasses 24+ for receptacle closures, subclasses 694+ for
attachments for receptacles. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 189.06+ for a dispenser having a filter. |
| 297, | Chairs and Seats,
subclasses 175+ for a seat combined with a pail or the like for
milking operations. |
|
| | |
| 246 | Limited opening cover: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus provided with means for holding the cover for
limited movement with respect to the upper edge of the receptacle
so that solids will be retained and liquid escape between the cover
and the receptacle upper edge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 382, | for a centrifugal extractor having a discharge between
the upper edge of a receptacle and a cover therefor. |
| 464+, | for a portable receptacle with attached strainer
for draining. |
|
| | |
| 247 | FILTRATE SPLASH PLATE AND/OR DEFLECTOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with a splash plate or deflector located
downstream of and spaced from a filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 456, | for a filter with a prefilt flow director or diverter. |
|
| | |
| 248 | WITH DRIP, OVERFLOW OR CONTENT DRAINING FEATURE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus with (1) means for receiving drip
or overflow, or (2) means to receive
the contents of a filter unit when it is disassembled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 299+, | particularly subclasses 312+ for a filter
and sediment trap with drain means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 108+ for a dispenser with drip, leakage or
waste catching features. |
|
| | |
| 249 | BRACKET OR LEG SUPPORT FOR STATIC SEPARATOR ASSEMBLY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with a bracket, hanger or leg
support for an entire separating assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 468, | for a filter having means for supporting it from
a receptacle spout. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 248, | Supports, appropriate subclasses particularly
subclass 94 for a support for a strainer or funnel. |
|
| | |
| 250 | Leg: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus in which the filter assembly is supported by means
extending directly below and freely resting on a base or attached
to a base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 248, | Supports,
subclass 188 for leg attaching connections for stands, and
subclasses 188.1+ for supporting substructure
for a stand. |
|
| | |
| 251 | COMBINED: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a device in addition to or combined
with separator structure or liquid purification apparatus (1) having
functions other than purification or separation, or (2) serving
to perfect the purification or separation apparatus for its intended
purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 85+, | for apparatus with a single, indicator, register, recorder
or inspection means. |
| 151, | for gas liquid surface contact means and a separator. |
| 153+, | for treating apparatus of this class in another
installation not sufficiently included to form a basis of classification
in the other art class. |
| 173+, | for a separator structurally combined with a comminutor. |
| 175+, | for treating apparatus with heat exchange. |
| 188, | for a liquid separator and a gas separator. |
| 192, | for treating apparatus with preliminary chemical
manufacture. |
| 239+, | for a convertible feature of treating apparatus. |
| 241+, | for treating apparatus with a movable support. |
| 243, | for electrical insulating or discharging. |
| 249+, | for a support for a separator. |
| 418+, | for a filter and a flow controller. |
| 456, | for prefilt restrictors or diverters. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and
Spittoons,
subclasses 286+ for strainers in devices of that type. |
|
| | |
| 252 | SERIALLY CONNECTED DISTINCT TREATING WITH OR WITHOUT STORAGE
UNITS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising plural distinct treating or storage
casings connected by means for transferring material from one unit
to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 172.1 | through 172.6 , for a structural installation in which
the separator is ancillary to a storage tank. |
| 181, | for flow line connected heater or heat exchanger. |
| 201+, | for similar subject matter with means to add material. |
|
| | |
| 254 | With by-pass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which there is a means to bypass one or more
units.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130+, | for a fluid pressure responsive bypass. |
| 433+, | for a bypass around a filter. |
|
| | |
| 255 | Cascade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which the units or parts thereof are in stepped
relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 262, | for serial diverse units one above another. |
|
| | |
| 256 | One unit inside another: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which one unit is within another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207+, | for a distinct reactor, tank trough or compartment
within a gravitational separator. |
| 315, | for a diverse spaced filter within another. |
| 337+, | for nested distinct separators in series. |
| 342, | for one separator within another. |
|
| | |
| 257.1 | With storage unit: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which at least one of the units merely holds
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 571+ for plural tanks or compartments connected for
serial flow. |
| 184, | Lubrication,
subclass 1.5 for crankcase service apparatus including separators. |
|
| | |
| 257.2 | Having membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 257.1. Apparatus constructed with a filtering means composed of
a thin, enveloping or lining substance, i.e., membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 96.2, | for a membrane in an apparatus with constituent
mixture variation responsive. |
| 348+, | for apparatus which uses a semipermeable septum
which does not provide for continuous streams on both sides of the
septum. |
| 433+, | for similar apparatus which uses an ordinary filter
septum. |
| 500.1, | for a membrane, per se. |
| 541, | for membrane supports, frames, and spaces. |
| 634+, | for process of using a septum selective as to composition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 10 for a sugar solution dialyzer. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 252+ for a similar device using an electric current. |
| 604, | Surgery,
subclasses 4.01 , 5.01-5.04, 6.01-6.09, 6.01, 6.11-6.16
for drawing blood from the body, treating the blood, and
returning it the body. |
|
| | |
| 258 | With pump, gas pressure or vacuum source: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus provided with (1) a pump, (2) means to
supply a gas under pressure to cause fluid flow, or (3) means
for applying a vacuum to at least one of the units.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 406, | for a filter with a vacuumized filtrate receiver. |
| 416, | for a filter with a pump, gas pressure or
vacuum source. |
|
| | |
| 259 | Diverse: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in which the units differ from each other as to
their separating structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294+, | for diverse distinct separators. |
|
| | |
| 262 | On different levels: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Apparatus in which units are at different levels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 255, | for serial units in cascade relationship. |
| 261, | for serial units in which one supports another. |
|
| | |
| 263 | PARTICULATE MATERIAL TYPE SEPARATOR, E.G., ION
EXCHANGE OR SAND BED: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a bed of discrete particles each capable
of movement within the bed and readily separable from each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 118, | for flow of fluid pressure responsive operation
of sand valves. |
| 189, | for plual chambers with movement of granules therebetween. |
| 190+, | for a separator with external supply means for regenerating
material in, water softening systems, |
| 193, | for a filter with precoat adding or supplying means. |
| 226, | for a sectional chamber press type filter with a
porous filler. |
| 317, | for spaced filters including a nonself-supporting
medium. |
| 350+, | for a filter with movable means to compress a medium. |
| 500.1+, | for filter materials, particularly subclasses
503+ for diverse granular or fibrous materials. |
| 615, | for processes of aerobic treatment utilizing contact
surfaces. |
| 660+, | for processes involving ion exchange or sorption. |
| 767+, | for separating processes, particularly subclasses
777+ for processes employing precoats or filter-aids, and subclass
80 for separating and rehabilitation of a particulate bed. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus,
subclasses 108+ for solid sorbent apparatus for gas separation. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 51 and 278 for processes of and apparatus for forming gravel
filters in wells. |
|
| | |
| 264 | Selective units or compartments: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus comprising a plurality of compartments, and
means for using and/or rehabilitating the particles in
each compartment selectively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 102, | for programming of plural units by means responsive
to flow, fluid pressure or material level responsive means. |
| 142, | for program actuated sequentially controlled plural
units or sections. |
|
| | |
| 266 | With spaced non-particulate separating means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus combined with an additional separating means other
than a particulate material type and spaced therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 265, | for a gravitational separator combined with a particulate
material. |
| 273, | 279, 289, and 291+, for
a particulate material type separator having a fluid distributor
even though such distributor be foraminous and may incidentally
separate large particles. |
| 283, | for a pervious separator contacting and between
particulate beds. |
|
| | |
| 267 | Trunnion mounted casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the bed of separating material is contained
in a casing mounted for rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 399, | for another filter element mounted within a closed
movable casing. |
|
| | |
| 268 | Gravity flow of particles type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which means is provided for removing particles
from the bottom of the bed so that the bed of separating material
as a whole moves downwardly by gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189, | for apparatus wherein the particles are moved between
plural containers or plural compartments in the same container. |
| 270, | for apparatus which is provided with moving means
to pick up and redeposit the particles during rehabilitation. |
|
| | |
| 269 | With rehabilitation means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which means is provided for restoring the separating
medium to the condition it was in before separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189, | for such a device with a separate rehabilitation
chamber. |
| 190, | for a chamber provided with external regenerating
medium supply. |
| 407+, | for a filter combined with residue removal of liquid
agitation means. |
| 656+, | and 660+, for processes of ion exchange
or sorption involving rehabilitation of the separation medium. |
| 791+, | for separating processes involving rehabilitation
of a filtering medium. |
|
| | |
| 270 | Movable means for particle pickup and redeposit: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus having moving means to pick up particles from
the bed and redeposit them on the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189, | for apparatus wherein the particles are moved between
plural containers or plural compartments in the same container. |
| 268, | for a particle type separator with gravity flow
of the particles from the bottom of the bed. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 7+ for mining combined with separating. |
|
| | |
| 271 | Surface traversing type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus having rehabilitation means which moves in a path
parallel to and above the upper bed surface with or without parts
projecting into the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 270, | for apparatus having moving means to pick up and
redeposit the particles of the separating medium. |
|
| | |
| 273 | Moving fluid distributor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus which is provided with moving means for introducing
a fluid to the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 274, | for nonsurface traversing means to apply gas to
a bed. |
|
| | |
| 274 | Including means to apply gas to bed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus comprising means to introduce gas into the separating
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 198.1, | for a separator with means to add a treating fluid, particularly
subclasses 220+ for a separator with submerged fluid inlet. |
|
| | |
| 275 | Backwash or blowback means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus including means for passing a fluid through the
medium in a direction of flow during separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 411, | 425 and 427, for similar apparatus in another
type of filter. |
|
| | |
| 276 | With mechanical agitator or residue remover: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Apparatus in which mechanical means is provided for agitating
the bed or removing residue therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 273, | for apparatus provided with a movable imbedded fluid
distributor which functions as an agitator as well as a distributor. |
|
| | |
| 277 | Flow controller external of closed casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Apparatus in which flow of fluid is controlled by a flow
controller external of the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 190, | for external supply for regenerating medium combinations. |
| 418+, | for a filter with a flow controller. |
|
| | |
| 278 | Multi-way valve unit: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in which a single valve controls communication
with three or more flow lines.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 424+, | for a filter with a multiway valve. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 625+ for multiway valves, per se. |
|
| | |
| 279 | With embedded fluid distributor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Apparatus having a stationary fluid distributor extending
into the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 289, | and 291+, for another particulate
bed and a fluid distributor. |
|
| | |
| 280 | With agitator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus in which means in provided for agitating the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 271+, | for apparatus including bed surface traversing means
which may also function as an agitator. |
| 276, | for a particulate bed separator with backwash means
and agitator. |
| 407+, | for other types of filters with residue remover
or agitators. |
|
| | |
| 281 | With access opening to normally closed casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Apparatus wherein a closed casing which holds particulate
material is provided with an opening through which the separatory
material may be reached, or through which solid regenerating
material may be inserted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 268, | for gravity flow of particulate material in a separator. |
|
| | |
| 282 | Removable cartridge or hand-manipulated container: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which separatory material is encased in a magazine
type holder or container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 237+, | for handle assembly means. |
| 465, | for a separator provided with handles for draining. |
| 470, | for a handled filter. |
| 484, | for a shaped filter element with a foraminous container
or sheath. |
|
| | |
| 283 | Pervious divider between and contacting beds: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus comprising plural beds separated by and each contacting
pervious means therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 266, | for a particulate type separator combined with a
spaced nonparticulate separating means. |
|
| | |
| 284 | Spaced beds: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus which comprises a plurality of beds of particulate
material which are spaced from each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 266, | for spaced particulate and nonparticulate type separators. |
| 283, | for a pervious separator which contacts and is between
beds. |
| 314+, | for spaced diverse filters. |
|
| | |
| 285 | Embedded baffle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus provided with at least one baffle completely or
partially embedded in the particulate material. |
| | |
| 287 | Within flow line or flow line connected closed casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus wherein the separatory material is confined within
a container which is imperforate except for fluid conduit openings
or access openings closed in normal operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 435+, | for fixed filter mediums within a flow line connected
closed casing. |
|
| | |
| 290 | With multi-layer beds: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus having a bed comprising a plurality of layers
of particulate material which are in contact with each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 283, | for a pervious divider between and contacting the
beds. |
| 284, | for similar apparatus in which the beds are spaced
from each other. |
| 286, | for vertical layers. |
|
| | |
| 291 | Particular liquid receiving means or foraminous bed retainer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus comprising particular means for introducing liquid
into a bed of separating material, particular means for
removing liquid from a bed of separating material, or particular strainer
means within the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 172.1 | through 172.6 , for a structural installation in which
the separator is ancillary to a storage tank. |
| 289, | for apparatus of this type which is within a flow
line or flow line connected closed casing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 36 for fluid distributing or collecting apparatus
buried in the earth. |
|
| | |
| 292 | Hood or top protector type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Apparatus in which the liquid distributing means is provided
with (1) an imperforate cap or hood extending
around or over it, or (2) caps or hoods
over openings in the distributor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 118, | for a sand valve, i.e., nonclosing check
valve associated with a sand bed. |
| 456, | for a filter with prefilt flow director or distributor. |
|
| | |
| 294 | DIVERSE DISTINCT SEPARATORS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having plural separation means identifiable as
separate units, (1) of different kinds, or (2) of
the same kind but differing in shape or other structure other than different
mesh size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 124, | for float control between two separators. |
| 132, | for a fluid pressure responsive by-pass and
an additional separator. |
| 142, | for plural units operated by a program actuator. |
| 151, | for gas-liquid surface contact means and
a separator. |
| 155, | for plural or diverse flume screens. |
| 182+, | for a heater or heat exchanger and diverse separators. |
| 188, | for a liquid treater and gas separator. |
| 189, | for plural chambers with movement of granules therebetween. |
| 195.1, | for recirculation between serially connected distinct
treating or storage units. |
| 200+, | for plural distinct separators and means to add
a treating material. |
| 223, | for a magnetic and another separator. |
| 252+, | for serially connected distinct treating units with
or without a storage unit. |
| 263+, | particularly subclasses 265, 266 and 284, for
particulate bed type separators. |
| 322+, | for plural distinct separators of the same kind. |
| 483+, | particularly subclasses 488+ for single filter
units formed by contacting filter mediums. |
| 521+, | for superposed compartment gravitational separators. |
| 663+, | for processes of ion exchange or sorption with preliminary
separation. |
| 806, | for plural separating processes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 12.1+ for combined classifying, separating and assorting
of solids. |
|
| | |
| 296 | Including liquid as a separating medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus in which a separating medium comprises a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 511, | for a single operation apparatus using liquid as
a separating medium. |
| 633, | and 634+, for separating processes involving
extraction from a liquid by solvent or solute. |
|
| | |
| 297 | Moving filter medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus in which there is means to give the filter medium
motion during the filtering operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359+, | for movable medium filters, per se. |
|
| | |
| 298 | With mechanical residue or sediment mover: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus having driven mechanical means to remove residue
or sediment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 390+, | for a moving filter medium and a residue remover. |
| 407+, | for a fixed filter medium and a residue remover. |
| 523+, | for a gravitational separator and a mechanical sediment
mover. |
|
| | |
| 299 | Including constituent trapping feature: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus including a feature depending upon the different
specific gravities of constituents of a liquid mixture for removing
a constituent or trapping it in a recess.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 248, | for drip or overflow catchers or means for receiving
the contents of a filter unit when the casing is opened. |
|
| | |
| 300 | Alternate filters and traps in series: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in which the liquid is passed through (1) at
least two filter media, a constituent trap being positioned
therebetween, or (2) at least two constituent
traps with a filter medium therebetween. |
| | |
| 303 | Cut-off sediment trap: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus having a valve arranged to isolate a sediment
chamber from a filter unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 418+, | for a filter with a flow controller. |
|
| | |
| 304 | Tangential flow, spiral or convolute baffle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in which there is a spiral or convolute baffle
or tangential liquid inlet to give the liquid a whirling motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 512.1, | for a gravitational separator having tangential
flow or centrifugal fluid action. |
|
| | |
| 305 | Baffle preceding or within sediment trap: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus provided with a baffle member to deflect liquid
entering a sediment chamber or a baffle within a sediment chamber
to catch sediment or quiet flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 304, | for a sediment trap and filter with spiral or convolute
baffle means or a tangential inlet. |
|
| | |
| 307 | Downstream of filter medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in which the sediment removing, trapping
or removing feature is downstream of the filter, to remove
sediment from the filtrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 300+, | for alternate traps and filters. |
|
| | |
| 309 | Attached to filter element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Apparatus in which the filter element and the sediment chamber
means are directly attached to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 454, | for a filter within a flow line connected casing
which filter element is attached to a casing closure. |
|
| | |
| 310 | Lateral trap: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in which the liquid flows generally axially through
a conduit containing the filter medium and there is means communicating with
the sediment trap, which extends laterally of the axis
of the conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 447, | for a laterally removable filter element. |
|
| | |
| 311 | Downflow inlet, upflow through filter medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in which entering liquid flows downwardly and
then passes through the filter medium in an upward direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 305+, | for filter and constituent trap means with a baffle
preceding or within the sediment trap. |
| 456, | for a filter with a prefilt flow distributor or
diverter. |
|
| | |
| 312 | Sediment discharge means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus provided with means discharging sediment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 422+, | for a closed casing filter and a variable flow controller
which casing has plural outlets for flushing the casing or diverting
prefilt around the filter medium. |
| 433.1, | for a filter in a casing having filtered and unfiltered
passages. |
| 533+, | for a gravitational separator with a closure or
valve controlled discharge. |
|
| | |
| 313 | Valve controlled: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus in which the drain means is controlled by a valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109+, | for automatic discharge of treated material. |
|
| | |
| 314 | Spaced filters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus which comprises a plurality of isolated filters
or filter elements abutting along a surface to enclose an empty
space.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 323+, | for plural distinct similar filters. |
|
| | |
| 316 | One adjacent inlet or outlet conduit: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Apparatus wherein one filter is arranged in such a manner
that entering liquid contacts the filter before contacting any part
of the casing, or leaving liquid once having contacted
the filter, does not contact the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 335+, | for plural similar filters arranged for series prefilt
flow. |
| 338, | and 342, for plural distinct similar filter
elements arranged one within another. |
| 464+, | for a portable receptacle draining filter. |
|
| | |
| 317 | Including non-self-supporting medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Apparatus in which one or more of the filters include loose
or flaccid nonparticulate material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 263+, | for particulate material type separators, particularly
subclass 266 for particulate and spaced nonparticulate separators. |
| 484, | for filter medium within a foraminous container
or sheath. |
| 496, | for shaped bound, fused or matted filter
mediums. |
| 500+, | for filter materials. |
|
| | |
| 319 | With agitator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Apparatus in which there is a mechanical agitator to impel
liquid to break up, remove or prevent scum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 198+, | particularly subclasses 207+ and 219, for
a separator with means to add material. |
| 407+, | for a filter having a fixed medium combined with
an agitator. |
|
| | |
| 320 | With baffle perpendicular to flow direction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Apparatus in which there is a baffle perpendicular to the
direction of liquid flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 348+, | for apparatus which uses a semipermable septum which
does not provide for continuous streams on both sides of the septum. |
| 513+, | for a gravitational separator. |
|
| | |
| 321.6 | CASING DIVIDED BY MEMBRANE INTO SECTIONS HAVING INLET(S) AND/OR
OUTLET(S): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a casing sealingly divided by a barrier
comprising a semipermeable membrane into at least two sections, each section
having means providing liquid inlet and/or outlet provided
by said semipermeable membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 604, | Surgery,
subclass 507 for methods of introducing material into or removing it
from the human vasculature system |
|
| | |
| 321.62 | Antithrombogenic membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.6. Apparatus including at least one membrane having at least
a portion thereof modified (e.g., by
chemical treatment or ionizing radiation) to be antithrombogenic. |
| | |
| 321.7 | Solid cleaning material (e.g., balls): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.69. Apparatus wherein said means providing membrane cleaning
or sterilizing includes a plurality of solid discrete object other
than a rotating mechanical agitator, e.g., particles, granules, sponge
balls, beads, etc., and means for
moving said object, adjacent to and/or in contact
with, a membrane, for cleaning or sterilizing
said membrane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 321.63, | for apparatus including a rotating mechanical agitator. |
|
| | |
| 321.73 | Noncoiled nonannular cross section tube: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.72. Apparatus wherein at least on e membrane is, (a) generally
tubular, (b) noncylindrical in defining
a cross section (said cross section being taken perpendicularly
to the central axis of the tube) which is nonannular (e.g., inner
and/or outer surface(s) define noncircular cross
section), and (c) not coiled.
| | (1)
Note. A coiled flatted membrane tube is provided
for in subclasses 321.74 and 321.83. | |
| | |
| 321.74 | Coiled membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.72. Apparatus said semipermeable membrane is a strip or flattened
tube (i.e., is noncyclindrical) which
is spirally coiled (e.g., including
either a planar spiral or a helical spiral). |
| | |
| 321.76 | Spiral flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.75. Apparatus including means providing spiral liquid flow (moving
essentially in a plane around a center with increasing or decreasing
distance from said center) adjacent a membrane(s). |
| | |
| 321.79 | Plural cylindrical membrane all connected for parallel
flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.78. Apparatus including plural cylindrical semipermeable membrane
tubes all or which, are connected for parallel flow therethrough (i.e., each
said tube has, a first end directly communicating with
a first end directly communicating with a first header, and
a second end directly communication with a second Header), and
are within a single casing. |
| | |
| 321.81 | With embedded baffle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.8. Apparatus wherein a baffle which is a solid material, which
serves as a flow restrictor, diverter or distributor, is
embedded between said plural parallel cylindrical semipermeable membrane
tubes such that, a straight line drown from an exterior
active surface (e.g., a membrane
tube sheet, etc.), or any one
of said tubes, perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of that
tube, to an exterior active surface of any other of said
tubes, intersects said baffle. |
| | |
| 321.82 | Noncoiled nonannular cross section tube: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.6. Apparatus wherein at least one membrane is, (a) generally
tubular, (b) noncylindrical in defining
a cross section (said cross section being taken perpendicularly
to the central axis of the tube) which is nonannular (e.g., inner and/or
outer surface(s) define noncircular cross section, and (c) not
coiled.
| | (1)
Note. A coiled flattened membrane tube is provided
for in subclasses 321.74 and 321.83. | |
| | |
| 321.83 | Coiled membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.6. Apparatus wherein said semipermeable membrane is a strip
or flattened tube (i.e., is
noncylindrical), which is spirally coiled (e.g., including
either a planar spiral or a helical spiral). |
| | |
| 321.85 | Spiral flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.84. Apparatus including means providing spiral liquid flow (moving
essentially in a plane around a center with increasing or decreasing
distance from said center adjacent a membrane(s). |
| | |
| 321.88 | Plural cylindrical membranes all connected for parallel
flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.87. Apparatus including plural cylindrical semipermeable membrane
tubes all of which, are connected for parallel flow therethrough (i.e., each
said tube has a first end directly communication with a first header, and
a second end directly communication with a second header), and
are within a single ceasing. |
| | |
| 321.9 | With embedded baffle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 321.89. Apparatus wherein a baffle which is a solid material, which
serves as a flow restrictor, diverter or distributor, is
embedded between said plural parallel cylindrical semipermeable
membranse tubes such that, a straight line drawn fro an
exterior active surface (e.g., a
membrane tube surface not covered by casting resin, tube
sheet, etc.) of any one of said tubes
perpendicular to a lingitudinal axis of that tube, to an
exterior active surface of any other of said tubes, intersects
said baffle. |
| | |
| 322 | PLURAL DISTINCT SEPARATORS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising two or more distinct separators each
of which treats a portion of a liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 252+, | for serially connected distinct treating units with
or without storage units. |
| 294+, | for diverse distinct separators. |
| 488+, | for superimposed contacting filter mediums forming
a single element even though defined as differing in kind. |
| 521, | for a gravitational separator with superposed compartments. |
|
| | |
| 323.1 | Filters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Apparatus in which there are plural distinct filter units.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 314, | for diverse types of filters in a single unit. |
|
| | |
| 323.2 | Tublar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus tubelike in form with filtration through the perpendicular
axis of the tube. |
| | |
| 324 | Movable separating elements: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus which are movable for material treating purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359+, | for a movable filter which may comprise compartments
or sections abutted to form a single effective surface. |
|
| | |
| 325 | Planetary: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus in which each rotates about an individual axis
and also moves about another axis, the construction being
such that rotation about both axes are or can be continuous during
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 370, | for a centrifugal extractor wherein the filter medium
has plural motions about a fixed point. |
|
| | |
| 326 | Drum type on parallel axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus comprising plural rotary filter drums arranged
on parallel axes which drums are of the type in which prefilt contacts
the outer periphery of both drums simultaneously and the filtrate
flows to their interiors in parallel. |
| | |
| 328 | Pivotally mounted sections: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus connected by hinges or mounted on parallel pivots
so that they can be partially rotated to dump the cake (residue).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 370, | for a centrifugal extractor wherein the basket is
made up of plural sections which are pivotally mounted for discharging
the portion of the residue thereon. |
| 385, | for a filter unit having plural motions. |
|
| | |
| 329 | Relatively movable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus in which at least one filter and its support moves
with respect to another, usually for cleaning while at
least one remains in filtering service.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | particularly subclasses 237+ for a separator
with repair or assembly means for removal of a filter from its casing. |
| 328, | for filters comprising pivotally mounted sections. |
| 341, | for parallel units individually controlled, so
that a selected unit can be removed. |
|
| | |
| 330 | Connected for group operation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus having means connecting them so that they move
together as a connected group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359+, | for moving filter medium types in which the medium
is continuous or comprises abutting filtering sections forming in
effect a continuous medium except for separating strips or partitions. |
|
| | |
| 332 | With residue removal or liquid agitation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus in which there is means for removing residue or
for agitating the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 298, | for diverse separators having mechanical residue
or sediment removers. |
| 407, | for a single filter having a residue remover or
agitator. |
|
| | |
| 335 | In series for prefilt flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus which are in series.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 252+, | for serially connected distinct treating units. |
| 300+, | for alternate traps and filters in series. |
| 314+, | for spaced diverse filters. |
| 489+, | for abutted or superimposed members forming a single
filter element, arranged for series flow through the members. |
|
| | |
| 336 | Tortuous path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus in which the flow of fluid is in a tortuous or
zig-zag path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 285+, | for baffles imbedded in a particulate bed. |
|
| | |
| 337 | Nested units: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus arranged in superimposed or nested relation, each
unit being removable from the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315, | for diverse concentric spaced filters. |
| 342, | for concentric filter elements arranged for parallel
flow. |
|
| | |
| 339 | Internal flange supporting filter element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus comprising a frame or casing having inwardly extending
flanges or protuberances supporting the filter elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 451+, | for a filter element supported within a casing by
an internal fixed shoulder. |
|
| | |
| 340 | Parallel filters with flow controller: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus having means for interrupting flow to at least
one filter unit while another remains in service, said
filters being in parallel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 418+, | for a single filter with a flow controller. |
|
| | |
| 342 | One element within another: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus wherein the filter units are arranged one within
another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315, | for spaced diverse filters, one within another. |
| 337+, | for nested filter units arranged for series prefilt
flow. |
|
| | |
| 343 | Alternating oppositely opening liquid distributors: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus in which the units alternate with liquid receivers, alternate
receivers acting respectively as liquid inlet and discharge means, at least
one of a pair of liquid receivers separating one filter medium from
another and contacting the separated filter mediums on opposite
faces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 417, | for similar devices in which the alternate liquid
receivers are located within a continuous body of filter medium. |
|
| | |
| 344 | Abutted alternating medium and pan type receiver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus in which each filter unit comprises a filter medium
and an imperforate pan-like liquid receiver substantially
coextensive with the filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224, | for a sectional chamber press type filter. |
| 492, | for stacked dissimilar elements, the entire
stack forming a single unit. |
|
| | |
| 346 | Spaced wall-type filters: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 323.1. Apparatus in which the units each comprise a filter medium
enclosing a space, the filter medium having separate or
distinct walls.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 331, | for similar structure among movable elements. |
| 486+, | for a spaced wall type filter unit. |
| 492, | for filter elements divided into alternate prefilt
and filtrate spaces by alternately arranged dissimilar elements. |
|
| | |
| 347 | Central header: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Apparatus in which there is a header extending centrally
of the group of spaced wall type filter elements. |
| | |
| 348 | FILTER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which constituents of a prefilt (usually
solids and liquid) are separated by passing the prefilt
through a medium having openings which retain at least one constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and
Spittoons,
subclass 286 for strainers specialized for that class. |
| 55, | Gas Separation, appropriate subclasses beginning with
subclass 474 for gas filters. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 227+ for screens peculiar to wells. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 233+ for sifters for solid material. |
|
| | |
| 349 | Pulsation dampener or gas trapping: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus provided with means dampening pulsations in liquid
flow or for trapping a gas, usually air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 410, | for a device which traps a gas and then releases
it to blowback a filter medium. |
|
| | |
| 350 | With movable means to compress medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which a filter medium is enclosed by a receptacle
and provided with adjustable or movable means to compress the filtering
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 226, | for a sectional pressure type filter and porous
filler. |
|
| | |
| 353 | Free cleaning means, e.g., loose
abrading particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which there is a cleaning means, as
loose abrading particles or wiping elements, which are
free to move, (not attached to a retaining means).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 263+, | for a filter having loose material acting as a filter
medium. |
|
| | |
| 354 | Medium, cleaner or agitator moved by fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which either the filter medium, residue
remover or agitator is moved by the fluid being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 97+, | for fluid responsive controls, particularly
subclasses 121+ for float responsive controls. |
| 242, | for a float supported separator. |
| 396+, | for a movable medium and solid cleaning member which
may be forced against the medium by fluid pressure. |
|
| | |
| 355 | Cleaner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in which the only element moved by the fluid is
a residue remover. |
| | |
| 356 | Medium flexed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in which the filter element is so mounted or specially
constructed as to be flexed or compressed by movement of liquid therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359+, | for means to flex an anchored filter. |
| 391+, | for moving filter mediums and blow back means in
which flexing may occur incidental to such operation. |
|
| | |
| 358 | Imperforate drum, medium on arc, chord
or end: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which there is an imperforate drum having a
filter element extending across a segment, covering an
arc, or covering either or both end walls of the drum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 399, | for another type of movable sealed casing enclosing
a filter medium. |
|
| | |
| 359 | Movable medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which the filter medium is capable of movement
for treatment purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 107, | for flow fluid pressure or material level responsive
movement of a filter medium. |
| 122, | for float control of a movable separator. |
| 154+, | for a flume type movable filter. |
| 178, | for a movable separator with a heat exchanger. |
| 189, | and 263+, particularly subclasses
267 and 268 for particulate material type separators. |
| 232, | for separators combined with handling means. |
| 297, | for diverse distinct separators including a movable
filter medium. |
| 324+, | for plural movable separating elements. |
| 354+, | for motion due to flowing fluids. |
| 447, | for a closed casing having provision for laterial
removal of the filter element. |
| 680+, | for processes involving movement of filter medium. |
|
| | |
| 360.1 | Centrifugal extractor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus wherein structure including the filter medium
is particularly adapted for rapid movement about an axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 144, | for a filter automatically controlled in response
to vibration. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,
subclass 58 for a centrifugal filter combined with a distinct and
separate drying unit or for rotary work holders acting as driers, and
see search notes for other devices involving the use of centrifugal
force. |
| 57, | Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining,
subclasses 76+ for centrifugal pots and guides. |
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclasses 23+ for washing machines having centrifugal extractor
features. |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 52+ for centrifugal coating apparatus. |
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 19 for sugar treatment including purging and molding
centrifugals. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 384 for paper making apparatus utilizing centrifugal
force to dewater the slurry on the mold surface. |
| 192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclass 136 for a cover latch control interlocked with driving
mechanism for a centrifugal extractor. |
| 494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for breaking
up a mixture of fluids or fluent substances into two or more components
by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like
member, and see especially
subclass 36 for a separator of that class provided with filtering means. |
|
| | |
| 361 | With individual article container or support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus in which means are provided for individually supporting
articles for the removal of liquid therefrom, e.g., honey
extractors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,
subclass 58 for centrifugal devices for removing liquid from articles, e.g., honey
from combs not having any means for separating by filtration or
straining. |
|
| | |
| 362 | Container or support reversible: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Apparatus in which the position of the article supporting
means is reversible relative to the axis of rotation to alternaterly
present opposite sides of the article away from such axis. |
| | |
| 363 | With adjustable rotation stabilizer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus wherein adjustable means is provided to position
the center of gravity of the structure on the geometric axis of
rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 145+, | for variable rotation condition responsive control. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 572+ for flywheels or rotors with balancing or vibration
dampening means defining no features of separator construction. |
|
| | |
| 364 | Casing, shaft and filter unit gyratorily mounted: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus wherein the filter medium is mounted on a shaft
and is enclosed by a nonrotating casing, both the rotating
structure and casing being mounted for gyratory movement as a unit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 248, | Supports,
subclasses 637+ for machinery supports. |
|
| | |
| 368 | With rotation brake: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus with means for slowing or stopping rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses 215+ for brake and power transmission control of general
utility. |
|
| | |
| 370 | Secondary motion of filter medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus comprising means giving the filter medium, in
whole or in part, an additional motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | for means assembling and disassembling a filter, particularly
subclasses 237+ for a filter with hoist or handle means. |
|
| | |
| 371 | With variable flow controller: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus comprising a variable controller for flow of residue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 418+, | for fixed filter and flow controller and see the
search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 372 | By residue engaging means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus in which discharge of the residue is effected
or controlled by means engaging it, e.g., doctor
blades.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 256.5 for a moving surface scraper, wiper or
brush of general application. |
|
| | |
| 373 | Fixed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Apparatus in which the residue engaging means is stationarily
mounted. |
| | |
| 374 | Rotatable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Apparatus in which the residue engaging means is rotatably
mounted with respect to the filter medium. |
| | |
| 375 | Pivoted: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus in which the residue engaging means is pivotably
mounted. |
| | |
| 377 | Internal work distributor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus within the rotating filter medium for distributing
the incoming material feed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 213, | and 214, for a moving filter element having
a movable distributor for introducing a treating material to the
interior thereof. |
|
| | |
| 379 | Including filtrate receiving trough adjacent top discharge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus in which the separating structure rotates about
an upright axis and in which the filtrate discharge therefrom is
restricted to a zone at or adjacent the top thereof, combined with
a filtrate receiving trough disposed above the bottom of the rotating
structure and surrounding the filtrate discharge. |
| | |
| 380.1 | Rotating element construction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 360.1. Apparatus comprising the rotating separator structure, per
se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 369+, | for a tapered basket for discharging residue. |
| 483+, | particularly subclass 497 for a cylindrical or conical
filter medium of general application. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 220, | Receptacles,
subclasses 200+ for a container cover in which no special features
peculiar to rotatable extractor operation are defined. |
|
| | |
| 381 | Inwardly extending partitions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 380.1. Apparatus including inwardly extending partitions dividing
the interior of the separating structure into compartments.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,
subclass 109 for a compartmented drier drum. |
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclass 143 for a compartmented tumbling and washing drum. |
|
| | |
| 382 | Top filtrate discharge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 380.1. Apparatus in which the separating structure rotates about
an upright axis, and its filtrate discharge is restricted
to a zone at or adjacent the top.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 246, | for a portable receptacle having a cover limited
as to its opening movement. |
| 379, | for a filtrate receiving trough at or adjacent the
top of the separating structure. |
|
| | |
| 383 | Separate agitator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus having separate agitating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.01 | through 167.32, for a structural installation with a closed circulating
system. |
| 194+, | for recirculation means. |
| 407, | for a fixed filter medium and an agitator or a cleaner, and
see the search notes thereto. |
|
| | |
| 385 | With plural motion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus in which the filter unit has more than one motion, e.g., rotation
and translation or rotation on plural axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 323+, | for plural movable filter elements which may have
plural motions. |
| 370, | for a centrifugal extractor having plural motions
of the filter medium. |
| 384, | for a unidirectional motion filter and vibrator
for the medium. |
|
| | |
| 386 | Rolls or confining members contacting residue: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus in which there are rolls or confining members
which contact the residue on the moving medium, e.g., for
compacting, shielding or takeoff.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 401, | for a belt type filter superimposed on a moving
support. |
| 402+, | for a drum filter. |
|
| | |
| 387 | Unrollable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus unrollable from a spool or equivalent source so
as to present successive areas for the filtering operation. |
| | |
| 388 | Vibrating or longitudinally reciprocating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus in which the filter medium vibrates or has motion
back and forth in a plane parallel to the surface of the filtering
medium during filtration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 354, | for a filter medium flexed by fluid flow. |
| 384, | for a vibrator acting on a unidirectional motion
filter medium. |
| 385, | for a filter having plural motions. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 325+ , 331, 333+, and
341 for shaking sifters for solids, and subclasses 437+ for
reciprocating liquid treatment stratifiers. |
|
| | |
| 390 | Mounted on movable valve element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus supported by a movable valve part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 385, | for a filter element having at least two motions. |
| 395, | for a moving filter with cleaning means so connected
to a valve that movement of the medium actuates the valve. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 547+ for a movable strainer for gas separation combined
with flow control means. |
|
| | |
| 391 | With cleaning means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus having means for removing residue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 107, | for flow, fluid pressure or material level
responsive cleaning movement of a filter medium. |
| 158, | for a movable flume stream type strainer with cleaning
means. |
| 216+, | for moving filter medium and means for adding a
treating material. |
| 369+, | for a centrifugal extractor with residue removing
means. |
| 386, | for rolls or confining members which may act as
residue removers. |
| 399, | for a movable casing which may clean by merely reversing
the casing position. |
| 407, | for residue remover for a fixed filter medium and
see the search notes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 274+ for paper making apparatus having means to clean
or condition a porous or foraminous member. |
|
| | |
| 392 | Fixed position or attached valve blocking means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Apparatus having (1) a member fixed in
position which contacts the filter medium or its support, or (2) a
member actuating valves attached to a moving filter medium or its
support; either (1) or (2) acting
to block fluid flow through part of the moving filter medium. |
| | |
| 394 | Discharging inside, e.g., internal-type
drum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Apparatus in which the moving filter medium encloses a space
and the cleaning means acts to return residue to said space.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for recirculation. |
| 403, | for an internal feed type rotary drum filter without
cleaning means. |
|
| | |
| 395 | With filter-driven valve means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Apparatus in which flow of fluids is controlled by valve
means actuated by the moving medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 142, | for valves connected to a moving filter medium in
combination with programming means. |
| 390, | for filter medium supported by and movable with
a valve member. |
| 392, | for a fixed member operating valves attached to
a moving filter unit. |
|
| | |
| 396 | Solid cleaner, e.g., scraper: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Apparatus comprising a scraper, wiper, abrader, cutter, brush
or similar solid member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 372, | for a centrifugal extractor with a residue engaging
means. |
| 393, | for a scraper, cutter or brush combined
with backwash or blowback. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 256.5 for moving surface scrapers of general application. |
|
| | |
| 398 | Within sealed enclosure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus within a casing sealed except for necessary fluid
inlet or outlet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 267, | for a trunnion mounted particulate material type
separator. |
| 358, | for an imperforate drum with the medium on an arc, chord
or end wall. |
|
| | |
| 399 | Movable casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Apparatus in which the closed casing is mounted for motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 390, | for a filter medium or casing attached to a movable
valve element. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 258+ and 269+ for rotary extractor or leacher. |
|
| | |
| 400 | Belt type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus comprising a closed loop or filter elements attached
to a closed loop carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 160, | for a flume stream type endless belt filter. |
| 370, | for an endless belt type filter element forming
the wall of a centrifugal extractor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 348+ for flexible endless band type mold paper making machines (e.g., Fourdrinier machines). |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 307+ for endless belt sifters for solids. |
|
| | |
| 402 | Drum type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus in the shape of a drum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 161, | for a revolving flume stream type filter. |
| 174, | for a movable cylindrical filter having comminuting
means. |
| 210+, | and 217, for a drum type separator having
means to add a treating material. |
| 326, | for plural drums on parallel axes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 323+ and 357 for cylinder mold type paper making machines. |
|
| | |
| 403 | Internal feed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Apparatus in which prefilt enters the inside of the rotating
filter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 394, | for an internally fed rotary drum with cleaning
means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 288+ for rotating drum sifters for solids. |
|
| | |
| 405 | Movable prefilt distributor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus having moving means which receives and distributes
the prefilt against a filter medium, e.g., rotary
thrower.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 377, | for an internal work distributor for a centrifugal
extractor. |
| 456, | for a fixed prefilt flow distributor and diverter. |
|
| | |
| 406 | Vacuumized filtrate receiver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which there is means to apply a vacuum to a
closed filtrate receiver with no liquid being removed to the vacuum
source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 416, | for liquid pump, gas pressure or liquid suction
source combinations. |
| 459+, | for a pipe end attached filter which pipe may be
a suction pipe. |
| 481, | for a filter element of the type often used with
a reflux or vacuum coffee maker. |
|
| | |
| 407 | With residue removing means or agitation of liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus having means for removing residue from the filter
medium or for agitating either the prefilt or filtrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 106+, | for automatic filter cleaning. |
| 159, | for means to remove residue from a cleaner for a
flume stream strainer. |
| 179, | for a mechanical agitator in a heat exchanger. |
| 208, | for a mechanical agitator in a reactor tank. |
| 219, | for a mechanical agitator and means to add treating
material. |
| 225, | for similar structure in a sectional chamber press
filter. |
| 251, | for means for cleaning the outer casing of a separator. |
| 269+, | for rehabilitation means for a particulate bed separator. |
| 298, | for diverse separators having residue removing means. |
| 319, | for diverse separators having agitating means. |
| 332+, | for plural separators with residue removal. |
| 353, | for a filter with free cleaning means. |
| 345+, | for movement of the medium, cleaner or
agitator by fluid. |
| 791, | for processes of rehabilitating filter mediums. |
|
| | |
| 408 | Diverse, e.g., combined
agitators, scrapers, aeration blowback: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus provided with diverse residue removal or agitating
means, e.g., agitators, scrapers, brushes, means
to add a gas, means to blowback through the filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 379+ for sifting screen cleaners. |
|
| | |
| 409 | Fluid cleaning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus having (1) means to add a fluid
to or trap a fluid within the filter unit for cleaning purposes
or (2) constructed to backwash the filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 433, | for a bypass around a filter including those whereby
a filter is cleaned by prefilt flow. |
|
| | |
| 410 | Air pump type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Apparatus in which a fluid is trapped within the filter, which
fluid, upon a release of pressure or cessation of normal
flow, acts to force itself or a portion of the filtrate
through the filter medium or acts to discharge trapped residue. |
| | |
| 411 | Backwash or blowback: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Apparatus having means to pass a fluid, usually
a liquid, through the filter medium in a direction reverse
to normal filtering flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 427, | for a flow controller for backwash and see the search
notes thereunder. |
| 678, | 793, and 798, for processes of
rehabilitating a separation medium by reverse flow. |
|
| | |
| 412 | Liquid pulsator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Apparatus having means to cause a backwash liquid, usually
filtrate, to traverse the filter medium as a pressure wave, i.e., having
pressures varying between two or more peaks, e.g., pistons
reciprocating within a cylindrical filter medium or an intermittently
actuated pulsator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 349, | for a filter having pulsation dampeners or gas trapping
means. |
| 356, | for a filter constructed to cause flexing of the
medium by a fluid. |
| 359, | for a filter having mechanical means for flexing
the medium. |
| 384, | and 388+, for a filter having
vibrating means. |
|
| | |
| 413 | Fixed filter medium and movable stirrer or cleaner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus in which the filter medium is stationary and an
agitator and mechanical cleaning means moves relative to it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 357, | for a filter having interleaved members for cleaning. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 246+ for cleaning attachments there provided for. |
|
| | |
| 414 | With plural outlets from filter casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus in which the fixed filter medium is mounted within
a closed casing having plural outlets.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 397, | 422+ and 433, for other filter
combinations having plural outlets from a closed casing. |
|
| | |
| 415 | Nontranslatory rotary: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus in which the filter medium has a curved surface
and in which the cleaning or agitating means moves about a fixed
axis and has nontranslatory rotary motion. |
| | |
| 416.1 | With pump, gas pressure, or suction source: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus provided with a pump or other source of vacuum
or pressure which is particularly defined as other than a suction
of pressure conduit, acting to aid the flow of fluid through the
strainer or filter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.01 | through 167.32 , for a structural installation with a
closed circulating system. |
| 194+, | for recirculation which may include a pump. |
| 251, | for a filter combined with a mouthpiece. |
| 258, | for serially connected units including a pump. |
| 406, | for a filter combined with a vacuum source which
does not pump the liquid. |
| 412, | for a liquid pulsator acting during backwash of
blowback. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 92, | Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclasses 78+ for the combination of an expansible chamber device
and fluid purifying means which enhances the operation of the device; and
see (2) Note in subclass 78 of Class 92 for statement
of the line. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 105.1+ for well pumps having sediment traps or deflectors; and
subclasses 105.5+ for well pumps having liquid-gas
separator; i.e., gas anchors. |
| 417, | Pumps, appropriate subclasses for the combination of a
pump and a filter wherein the specific disclosure of the filter
is to protect or enhance the operation of the pump. |
| 418, | Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 47 for the combination or a rotary expansible chamber
pump and a filter wherein the filter is specially disclosed as protecting
or enhancing the operation of the pump. |
|
| | |
| 417 | Alternating oppositely opening liquid distributors: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which there are liquid distributors embedded
in a filter medium, alternate distributors acting respectively
as liquid inlet and discharge means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 343, | for similar devices in which the filter elements
form plural units. |
|
| | |
| 418 | With flow controller for material being treated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus with a variable flow controller for the material
being treated, or a constituent thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 97+, | for flow, fluid pressure or material level
responsive means. |
| 138+, | for a separator with time control means. |
| 141+, | for a separator with a program actuator. |
| 143+, | for automatic control of a separator. |
| 302, | for a filter and a constituent trap with a flow
line valve. |
| 313, | for a filter, a constituent trap and valve
controlled sediment discharge means. |
| 340, | for parallel similar filters with flow control means. |
| 371, | for a variable flow controller for residue in a
centrifugal extractor. |
| 390, | for a movable medium mounted on a movable valve
element. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 544+ for a flow controller combined with a gas separator. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclass 41 for a restrictor and a screen. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclass 205 for a well screen with a valve or changeable restrictor. |
|
| | |
| 420 | Selective directive flow relative to filter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus in which the controller selects the direction
of fluid flow from a given source through or by the filter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130+, | for a fluid pressure responsive bypass. |
| 190+, | and 269+, for valve controlled
means for bypassing a water softening apparatus during regeneration
thereof. |
|
| | |
| 421 | Pivoted prefilt deflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus in which a deflector is pivoted for limited motion
for diverting the prefilt to one or more alternate paths, e.g., dirty
rain to a receiver and clean rain water to a filter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 99, | for a similar organization having means responsive
to prefilt accumulation. |
|
| | |
| 422 | Plural outlets from filter casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus in which the filter element is within a closed
casing, which casing has a residue or prefilt outlet in
addition to a prefilt inlet and filtrate outlet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 299+, | particularly subclasses 312+ for a filter
combined with a constituent trapping feature and sediment discharge means. |
|
| | |
| 423 | Attached unitary plural passage header: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Apparatus having at least one inlet and one outlet in a
unitary header.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 133, | for a fluid pressure responsive bypass in a unitary
header. |
| 340, | for parallel filters with flow control means. |
|
| | |
| 424 | Multi-way valve: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus including a multiway valve which may be adjusted
to direct flow in different directions. |
| | |
| 425 | Backwash: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Apparatus to control backwash.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 278+, | for a multiway valve unit controlling backwash in
a particulate material type separator. |
|
| | |
| 426 | Encased: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Apparatus wherein the valve is within the same housing as
the filter. |
| | |
| 427 | Backwash: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus to control backwash.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 108, | for flow, fluid pressure or material level
control of backwash. |
| 190+, | for external regenerating medium supply combinations. |
| 425+, | for control of backwash by a selective directive
multiway valve controller. |
|
| | |
| 428 | Combining or dividing flow passages with filter in combined
passage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus in which there are at least two inflow passages
and one outflow passage with the filter in the outflow or (2) at
least two outflow passages and one inflow passage with the filter
in the inflow; and with a flow controller for any one or
more of said passages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 378+, | for a centrifugal extractor having plural filtrate
outlets. |
|
| | |
| 430 | Filter surrounds valve: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus in which the filter surrounds the controller seat
or head.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 371, | for a centrifugal basket having valve means coacting
with the bottom of the basket. |
| 426, | for a multiway valve unit encased in a filter housing
for controlling cleaning by a backwash fluid. |
|
| | |
| 432 | Filter in valve body recess: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus in which the filter is in a chamber or recess
in the controller body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 426, | for an encased multiway valve unit to control fluid
cleaning of a filter by backwashing. |
|
| | |
| 433.1 | Divided filtered, and unfiltered liquid outlet passages: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus comprising two outlet passages for liquid under
treatment, one for untreated liquid and one for filtrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130+, | for a pressure-responsive bypass. |
| 254, | for serially connected units with a bypass. |
| 321.6+, | for devices having plural inlets and outlets in
which the medium is a dialyzing membrane. |
| 385, | for axially reciprocable and rotary filter medium
which may act as a bypass. |
| 420+, | for a variable directive flow controller. |
| 428, | for combining and dividing flow passages with a
filter in the combined passage. |
| 436, | and 472, for a vended filter. |
|
| | |
| 435 | Within flow line or flow line connected close casing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus wherein the filter medium is totally positioned
in a casing which is imperforate except for flow line means for
introducing and discharging fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 287+, | for similar structure for a particulate bed. |
| 459+, | for filters attached to a plate or the end of a
pipe. |
| 473+, | for filter and receptacle combinations in which
part of the receptacle may resemble a pipe, e.g., funnel
neck. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 68, | Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,
subclass 208 for fluid textile treating apparatus having a drain
and strainer means associated therewith. |
|
| | |
| 436 | Vented: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus wherein means for venting the casing is provided. |
| | |
| 439 | Axial flow through filter element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Apparatus in which the liquid to be treated flows through
the imperforate tube in one direction and through the filter medium, for treating
purposes, in a direction opposite to the first mentioned
direction of flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 288, | for a particulate material type separator having
similar structure. |
|
| | |
| 443 | Inlet and outlet at same end: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in which the prefilt inlet and the filtrate outlet
are in the same end of a closed casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 133, | for fluid pressure responsive bypass in an inlet
and outlet closure header. |
| 420+, | particularly subclass 423 for flow controller combinations
with a prefilt inlet and outlet at the same end of the casing. |
| 440, | for similar structure with a central liquid receiver. |
|
| | |
| 444 | Filter suspended from head: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Apparatus in which the filter element is attached to and
extrudes downwardly from an upper part of the casing, usually
a removable head. |
| | |
| 445 | Clamped in casing joint: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in which the filter medium is clamped in a joint
of the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 227+, | for sectional pressure type filters in which the
medium is clamped in a casing joint. |
|
| | |
| 447 | Laterally removable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Apparatus in which the strainer or filter element is insertable
in and removable from the casing by movement generally lateral to
the direction of flow of the liquid to be treated, e.g., the
axis of the casing or pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 310, | for a filter and a constituent trap in which the
trap is lateral of a flow line. |
| 454, | for a filter element attached to a closure. |
|
| | |
| 448 | Single open-end-type filter element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Apparatus in which the filter element is a hollow filter
element having one end open.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 452, | for a single open end type filter supported on an
internal fixed shoulder. |
|
| | |
| 449 | Pipe end attached closed casing, e.g., faucet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Apparatus in which the closed casing is attached to and
extends beyond the end of a pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 459+, | for a similar filter not enclosed in a casing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 549+ for a flow controller combined with gas separating
means. |
|
| | |
| 450 | Gasket within casing or spaced removable end members: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus having (1) opposed members at
each end of the element which are separable from the casing with
the filter element supported between them, or (2) a
gasket between the element and the walls of the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 445, | for a filter element clamped in a casing joint which
may include a gasket. |
|
| | |
| 451 | Internal fixed shoulder supporting filter element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in which the casing is provided with an internal
shoulder from which the filter element is supported.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 477, | for a filter resting on an internal stop or surface
of a receiver of more general construction. |
|
| | |
| 452 | Single open-end-type filter element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Apparatus in which the filter element is a hollow filter
element having a single open end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 448, | for an axially aligned inlet and outlet to a casing
enclosing a single open end filter element. |
|
| | |
| 454 | Filter element attached to closure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in which the filter element is fixed to a removable
closure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 244+, | for a portable receptacle type filter with a closure. |
| 309, | for a filter element attached to a sediment trap. |
| 447, | for a filter element laterally removable from a
flow line even though attached to a closure. |
|
| | |
| 455 | Receptacle and modified spacing surface or support for
filter medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus comprising (1) a supporting
receptacle for a filter medium an inner surface of which is modified
as by grooves or ribs, or (2) a separate
spacing member engaging the inner surface of the receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224+, | particularly subclass 231 for a sectional chamber
press filter. |
| 283, | for a pervious divider in a particulate bed separator. |
|
| | |
| 456 | Prefilt flow distributor or diverter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which the prefilt passes into contact with
an imperforate member which serves as a flow restrictor, diverter
or distributor for the prefilt, usually to absorb the force
of the incoming prefilt or prevent swirling.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 247, | for a filtrate splash plate or deflector. |
| 279, | and 291+, for particular liquid
receiving means for a particulate bed type separator. |
| 305+, | for distinct separators having baffle means cooperating
with a sediment trap. |
| 377, | for a work distributor in a centrifugal extractor. |
| 405, | for a movable prefilt distributor. |
| 421, | for a filter with variable flow control means and
a pivoted prefilt deflector. |
|
| | |
| 457 | With central pervious tubular receiver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which there is a pervious member centrally
located within a filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 437+, | for a filter with a central liquid receiver, which
filter is within a flow line or closed casing. |
| 459+, | for a filter attached to and extending beyond the
end of a fluid conducting tube. |
|
| | |
| 458 | Plural concentric receivers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Apparatus in which there are two or more liquid receivers
having a common axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315, | for one diverse filter spaced within another. |
| 338, | for nested concentric filters. |
| 342, | for one filter with another. |
| 489+, | for superimposed filter mediums arranged for series
flow. |
|
| | |
| 459 | Pipe or plate attached type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in which the filter element is mounted on a pipe, plate
or wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103+, | for grated inlet surface drains. |
| 172.1 | through 172.6 , for a structural installation in which
the separator is ancillary to a storage tank. |
| 457+, | for a filter element having a central pervious liquid
receiving tube. |
| 473+, | for a filter attached to a portable receiver, as
a funnel. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 227+ for well screens and see the Notes thereto. |
|
| | |
| 460 | Attached to open end of pipe: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus in which the filter element or its supporting
structure is mounted on the open end of the pipe and extends beyond
the open end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 449, | for a filter element totally enclosed in a flow
confining casing attached to a pipe. |
| 482, | for a filter secured to the lower end of a prefilt
receiver, said lower end being similar in structure to
a pipe. |
|
| | |
| 461 | Spaced wall-type element: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Apparatus in which the filter element encloses a space except
for a single inlet or outlet, other than those in the filter
medium, the filtering medium having walls which are spaced
from each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224+, | particularly subclass 231 for a sectional chamber
press type filter. |
| 346+, | for plural units of the spaced wall type. |
| 486+, | for spaced wall type elements. |
|
| | |
| 463 | Inserted holder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Apparatus comprising means forming a part of or attached
to a filter element, which means is inserted into the open
end of a pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclass 12 for a cover with an eave or valley gutter and a
separator. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 189.06+ for dispensers having a filter. |
|
| | |
| 464 | Portable receptacle draining type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus mounted at the top of or on the spout of a portable
receptacle functioning when the receptacle is tipped.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 473+, | for a filter mounted at the inlet to a receptacle. |
|
| | |
| 466 | Receptacle spout: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Apparatus in which the filter is mounted on or adjacent
the receptacle spout.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 316, | for spaced filters, one adjacent an inlet
or outlet conduit. |
| 460+, | for a filter attached to an open end of a pipe. |
|
| | |
| 468 | Spaced from spout discharge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Apparatus in which the filter is mounted at the discharge
end of the spout spaced from such end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 248, | for a device having drip catching features or means. |
|
| | |
| 469 | On or adjacent receptacle upper edge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Apparatus in which the filter is mounted on or adjacent
the upper edge of the receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 245, | for a similar device including a valve or flow restrictor. |
| 474+, | for a similar device mounted on a filtrate receiver. |
| 479+, | for a filter mounted on the upper edge of a filtrate
receiver. |
|
| | |
| 470 | Handled: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus provided with handle means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 237+, | for repair and disassembly means having a handle. |
| 244, | for a portable receptacle with a hood or closure
which may include a handle. |
| 465, | for a handled portable receptacle and handled drainer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 417+ for a sifter provided with manual manipulating
means. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclass 465.1 for a dispensing container having a handle. |
|
| | |
| 471 | Ring type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus comprising a ring member fixedly attached to the
filter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 495, | for a ring and screen type filter element. |
|
| | |
| 472 | Vented: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus including means to vent the filter or filtrate
receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 120, | for flow, fluid pressure or material level
responsive vent control. |
| 180, | for vapor or gas removal in a treatment device with
heating means. |
| 436, | for a vented filter within a flow line. |
|
| | |
| 473 | Resting on supporting receiver, e.g., portable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus including structure to support the filter on or
readily attach the filter to a liquid receiver or container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 419, | for a portable prefilt receiver with a flow controller. |
| 451+, | for a filter in a flow line or closed casing supported
on an internal shoulder. |
| 464, | for a portable receptacle draining type filter. |
|
| | |
| 474 | At upper edge of filtrate receiver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Apparatus supported at the upper edge of the receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 471, | for a device having a ring and handle which may
rest on the upper edge of receptacle. |
|
| | |
| 476 | Telescoped receivers or receiver sections: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 474. Apparatus in which two or more liquid receivers are telescoped
within each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 445, | for a filter element clamped between means providing
a joint in a pipe or casing. |
| 446, | for a filter medium attached to a telescopic pipe
section. |
|
| | |
| 477 | Resting on internal stop or surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Apparatus in which the filter medium or its support rests
on an internal stop or surface of the receptacle wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 455, | for a filter on a modified spacing surface of a
casing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclasses 279+ for beverage infusors including more than a filter medium
or such medium and a supporting receptacle. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 189.06+ for dispensers having a filter. |
|
| | |
| 478 | Unitary filter medium and radially expandable retainer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus in which a radially expansible retainer, such
as a resilient ring or downwardly projecting spring arms, and
the filter form an integral unit.
| | (1)
Note. The term "integral unit" means
a filter medium and a retainer so connected that the unit cannot
be disassembled without destroying the unit or can be disassembled
only be removing mechanical connectors, such as a bolt
or rivet. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 463, | for a filter element which may be expandable in
a pipe. |
|
| | |
| 479 | Inner separate retainer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus in which there is a member within the prefilt
receiver usually a ring or cylinder, which clamps or retains
the filter medium and/or its supporting structure against
the inner wall of the prefilt receiver or against the stop member. |
| | |
| 480 | With contractor for expandable retainer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Apparatus in which the retainer is expandable and has means
for contracting the retainer to effect release of the filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 238, | for a filter element and a handle for removing the
element from a casing. |
|
| | |
| 481 | Longitudinal retainer or guide, (e.g., reflex coffee
maker): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus extending longitudinally of the prefilt receiver, e.g., reflux
type coffee makers or funnels having means extending into the funnel neck
to hold the filter unit in place.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclass 292 for pressure-vacuum or reflux type beverage
infusors having more than filter and its support. |
|
| | |
| 482 | At lower end or prefilt receiver: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Apparatus attached or supported at the lower end of a prefilt
receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 449, | for a filter medium within a closed casing attached
to a pipe end. |
| 459+, | for a filter element attached to a fixed pipe or
plate. |
|
| | |
| 483 | Supported, shaped or superimposed formed mediums: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus comprising: (1) a filter
medium and supporting means therefore, (2) a
filter medium having a defined significant gross structure or shape, or (3) super-imposed
or abutted members forming a single filter element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 500+, | for filter material, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 363+ , especially subclasses 409+, for
filter elements for separating solids. |
| 413, | Sheet Metal Container Making,
subclasses 1+ for sheet-metal ware making processes
which may include processes of making filter elements. |
|
| | |
| 485 | External cage-type support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus comprising supporting structure outside of the
filter medium formed of spaced bars supporting a nonplanar filter
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 455, | for similar structure in which the supporting structure
spaces the filter medium from a receptacle wall. |
| 497, | for a cylindrical filter having external reinforcing
means. |
|
| | |
| 489 | For series flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus so arranged that the liquid passes through them
in succession.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 335+, | for plural distinct filters arranged for series
flow. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation,
subclasses 482 , 485, and 486+ for layered
or serially arranged gas filters. |
|
| | |
| 490 | Integral or coated layers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Apparatus in which (1) the layers are
integrally united as by an adhesive or one material is partially
diffused into another, or (2) each layer comprises
a coated or impregnated material. |
| | |
| 492 | Alternating dissimilar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus comprising alternating members dissimilar in shape, size
openings within them or similar shaped members arranged in different
relative positions. |
| | |
| 493.1 | Pleated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus in which the filter medium is folded back and
forth upon itself.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation,
subclasses 497+ , 500, and 521 for gas filters
of zig-zag form. |
|
| | |
| 494.1 | Convolute: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus in which the filter medium is arranged so that
it is coiled upon itself and recedes or approaches a center axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 493.4, | and 497.1, for pleated spirally
formed and helically wound filters, respectively. |
|
| | |
| 495 | Single ring or closed frame type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus in which the supporting means comprises a ring
or noncircular frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 471, | for a filter having a handled ring frame. |
| 485, | for a filter enclosed in a cage support. |
|
| | |
| 497.01 | Cylindrical, conical, or trough shaped: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus in which the filter medium is shaped to form a
cylinder, cone, or open trough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 380.1+, | for a centrifuge basket. |
| 433.1+, | for a through flow tubular type filter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation,
subclasses 498 , 500, and 521 for gas filters
of cylindrical or conical form. |
|
| | |
| 497.1 | Helically wound: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 497.01. Apparatus which comprises a filter formed from indefinite
length material coiled in such a manner as to generate convolutions about
an axis with each convolution displaced along said axis from the
previous convolutions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 494.1+, | for convolute wound filters. |
|
| | |
| 497.2 | Filter blank: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 497.01. Apparatus in an unassembled form capable of being formed
in a cylindrical, conical, or trough shape. |
| | |
| 498 | Perforated or grooved plates: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus comprising a perforated plate or a plate having
grooves in its surface to form liquid flow passages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 397+ for perforated sheet sifter elements. |
|
| | |
| 499 | Screens, e.g., woven: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Apparatus, comprising meshed fabric.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 139, | Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 383+ for fabrics having no particular shape or specific
structure peculiar to filtering. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 277+ for well screens, particularly subclass
230 for woven mesh well screens, and subclass 234 for well
screens comprising spaced strips or bars. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 392+ for sifter elements there provided for. |
| 245, | Wire Fabrics and Structure, appropriate subclasses, for such structure
of general utility. |
|
| | |
| 500.1 | Material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Compositions comprising materials to be used in filter apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. Materials consisting of fibers (e.g., paper) comprising
a homogeneous mass of fibers, with or without binders or
randomly dispersed fillers made by a Class 162 method are in Class
162 even though defined as a filter material. Such material
having additional features peculiar to filtration are in Class 210, subclasses, 500.1+ e.g., perforations, fibers on
a perforated backing, strata of fibers of different kinds, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. A patent for stock material which may have
filtering properties but in which there is no claimed internal or external
structure particularly adapting the material for use as a filter
will be placed in the appropriate stock material class. See, especially, Class
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, and the
search notes thereunder. |
| | (3)
Note. A composition claimed or disclosed solely as
a sorbent or claimed as a filter aid and disclosed to aid filtering solely
as a sorbent is classifiable in Class 502. A composition
claimed as filtering material i.e., by
presenting apertures or interstices of a size functioning to retain solid
matter by a screening or sieving action with or without a sorbing
action is classifiable in Class 210, subclasses 500.1+. Class
210, subclass 500.1 filter material is superior
to Class 502. A copy of a patent properly classified in
210, subclasses 500.1+ will be crossed
to Class 502 only on the basis of a novel sorbent material. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 483+, | for supported, shaped, or superimposed
filter mediums. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for plastic compositions
in general, and see (2) Note of that
class definition. |
| 139, | Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 383+ for fabrics having no particular shape or specific
structure peculiar to filtering. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, (see (1) Note). |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 295+ for diaphragms or membranes to be used in electrolytic
apparatus. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 175+ for water softening or purifying compositions; subclasses
182.11+ for filter materials which exert a chemical action. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 304.4+ for a product of composite form in which one component
is either porous or cellular and subclasses 357+ for a
mass or layer of structurally defined or coated elements (e.g., fibers, filaments, particles). |
| 429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing
Apparatus, Product and Process,
subclasses 129+ and 247+ for separators (diaphram) specialized
for that class. |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or
Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 409+ for an autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 500.21 | Semipermeable membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.1. Subject matter directed to semipermeable membrane specified
primarily in terms of the nature of the composition or compositions
of which it is made.
| | (1)
Note. See "membrane" and the reference therein
to "semipermeable membrane" in the Glossary of
the main class definition of this class. |
| | (2)
Note. For a membrane having structure (said
structure may, for example, be described in terms
of, being semipermeable or selective or permselective, defining
pore dimension or shape, flux or permeation rate, retention
characteristics, porosity, overall membrane shape (e.g., tube
or hollow fiber), pore configuration (for
example, symmetric (e.g., isotropic
or unskinned) or asymmetric (e.g., anisotropic
or skinned), bubble point, birefringence, etc.), which
is disclosed to be solely or primarily useful in a Class 210, Liquid
Purification or Separation process (e.g., dialysis, reverse
osmosis, ultrafiltration, hyperfiltration, microfiltration) classification
in Class 210 is proper. For a membrane which is a stock material
disclosed to be of more general utility (e.g. not
primarily useful for such a Class 210 process) and for
which no such structure is claimed, classification in the
appropriate stock material class is proper. A membrane
of only nominally recited structure, i.e., simply
characterized as a membrane or film without any other significant
structure such as that referred to above, of a specific
chemical composition, is properly classifiable in the appropriate
chemical composition class. Class 210 is superior to Class
96. Consequently, membranes claimed for use in
Class 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus (including
membranes for removal of a gas from a liquid) and claimed
for use in Class 210, Liquid Purification or Separation
apparatus (or membranes for "fluid" separation) are
classified in Class 210 as originals and cross-referenced
to Class 96. For membranes or diaphragms useful for: (a) processes
of electrical, radiant, wave energy or magnetic
separation or purification of liquids (including more than
the mere application of a magnetic field to liquid to separate magnetic particles
therefrom) classification in Class 204 is proper; (b) processes
of use as a battery separator, classification in Class
429 is proper: however, in regard to membranes
useful in processes of both Classes 210 and 204 and/or
429, Class 210 subclasses 500.1+ has
superiority over both Classes 204 and 429, based upon 210
subclasses 500.1+ occurring first in the Patent
Office classes of the Manual of Classification. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 321.6+, | for membrane containing apparatus and see the search
notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 500.22 | Isotropically pored: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.21. Subject matter comprising a membrane structure, defining
two major surfaces, and which includes pores which extend between
the major surfaces, the pores having a substantially uniform
cross section throughout. |
| | |
| 500.23 | Hollow fiber or cylinder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.21. Subject matter in the shape of either an annulus or of a
cylindrical hollow structure which is relatively elongated compared
with its diameter.
| | (1)
Note. Such a structure maybe described as, e.g., a
tube, a capillary, or a hollow fiber. | |
| | |
| 500.25 | Metal containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.21. Subject matter wherein the membrane comprises a metal present
in either elemental form or in a compound of that metal. |
| | |
| 500.26 | Glass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.21. Subject matter wherein the membrane comprises a glass.
| | (1)
Note. Glasses are inorganic compositions which solidify
from the molten state without crystallizing, to have that molecular
disorder characteristic of the glassy state, which have
no definite melting point, are incapable in the solid state
of permanent deformation, which fracture when subjected
to deformation tension and include as components at least one "glass
former" material. |
| | (2)
Note. Typical glass formers are, e.g., oxides
of silicon, beryllium, boron, germanium, phosphorus, vanadium, lead, tin, zinc, zirconium, and
titanium, as well as such nonoxide compounds as GeS, metal
fluorides, or iodides, and some metallic selenides, tellurides, arsenides, and
phosphides. These compositions may also include other oxides devoid
of glass forming tendencies, e.g., oxides
of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and magnesium. |
| | (3)
Note. Many ceramic compositions contain primarily
slag, the byproduct of metal refining and smelting, which
are considered to be glasses. |
| | (4)
Note. Neither transparency to light nor the absence
of color are necessary for a composition to be considered as a glass for
the purpose of this subclass. |
| | (5)
Note. Water glass, clear, synthetic
resin compounds and isinglass are not considered to be glass for
the purpose of classification in this subclass. |
| | (6)
Note. Organic, noncrystalline solid materials, such
as synthetic resins which may be referred to as organic glasses, are not
considered to be glass for the purpose of classification in this
subclass. |
| | (7)
Note. The so-callled metallic glasses or glassy
metals, which are amorphous solid forms of metals ar not
included herein. | |
| | |
| 500.27 | Organic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.21. Subject matter comprising an organic substance.
| | (1)
Note. Organic is intended to include substances which
have a carbon atom bonded to another carbon atom, or to
a halogen atom, or to a hydrogen atom, or to a
nitrogen atom by a single or a double bond. | |
| | |
| 500.28 | Cyclic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.27. Subject matter comprising an organic substance which includes
a ring structute, i.e., a series
of atoms bonded one to another in such a fashion that the chain
closes upon itself. |
| | |
| 500.29 | Cellulosic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.28. Subject matter comprising the structure known as cellulose, or
derivatives thereof in which the basic cellulose structure remains intact. |
| | |
| 500.34 | Styrene: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.33. Subject matter comprising a six membered carbon ring having
attached thereto a -CH=CH2 groups. |
| | |
| 500.37 | Amine: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.27. Subject matter comprising an atom of carbon bonded to an
atom of nitrogen, which structures are the equivalent of
a structure formed from ammonia (NH3) by
replacement of one, two, or three of the hydrogens
with carbon atoms. |
| | |
| 500.38 | Amide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.37. Subject matter comprising a -C(=O)-NH2 group
or similar groups derived from acid other than a carboxylic acid
by replacing the acidic hydrogen with an NH2 Group.
| | (1)
Note. Such materials may be identified as, e.g., Nylon. | |
| | |
| 500.4 | Carbonate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.27. Subject matter comprising a -CO3 group.
| | (1)
Note. Such materials may typically be, e.g., polycarbonate
resins. | |
| | |
| 500.42 | Vinyl: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.27. Subject matter comprising a CH2=CH2 group.
| | (1)
Note. When polyvinyl synthetic resins are present, various
of the hydrogens may be replaced by other atoms. | |
| | |
| 500.43 | Acrylonitrile: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500.42. Subject matter comprisiang a CH2 = CH-C=N
group.
| | (1)
Note. When polyacrylonitrile resins are present, various
of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by other atoms. | |
| | |
| 501 | Sterilizing or neutralizing agent containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Compositions including a sterilizing component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 175+ for a water softening or purifying or scale inhibiting
composition. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, appropriate subclass for a composition which is
biocidal to a micro-organism (other than algae), e.g., bacterium, fungus, etc. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,
subclasses 150+ for an algicidal composition. |
|
| | |
| 502.1 | Sorptive component containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Compositions including a component having the property of
removing at least one constituent from a liquid mixture by surface
attraction or allowing said constituent to penetrate within the
component.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 660+, | especially 679, for processes which use
such compositions. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se, and see especially
subclasses 60+ and 400+ for a sorbent. |
|
| | |
| 503 | Diverse granular or fibrous: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter comprising (1) granules
differing in shape or composition, (2) fibers
differing in shape or composition, or (3) combined
granules and fibers.
| | (1)
Note. The materials may be laminated, imbedded
in each other or be of one layer having differing sections, e.g., precoated
elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 488+, | for formed laminated members forming a unitary filter
element. |
| 510, | for fused or sintered porous material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 292.1+ for a stock material product in the form of a composite
sheet or web embodying a component having structurally defined fibers, subclasses
323+ for such a product embodying a component having structurally
defined particles, and subclasses 357+ for a mass
or layer of structurally defined or coated element (e.g., fibers, filaments, particles). |
|
| | |
| 504 | With adhered coating or impregnant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Compositions having a coating or impregnant, permanently
adhered thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 323+ for stock material product in the form of a composite web
or sheet embodying a component having structurally defined fibers
or particles, respectively, which product may
be coated or impregnated, subclasses 357+ for
a mass or layer of structurally defined or coated elements (e.g., fibers
filaments or particles, etc.), which
may be coated or impregnated in addition to the defined structure. |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or
Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 59+ for a coated or impregnated fabric. |
|
| | |
| 505 | Including fibers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Compositions in which at least one component is fibrous.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 292.1+ for a fiber-containing web or sheet subclasses 375+ for
a mass or layer of structurally defined or coated fibers or filaments. |
|
| | |
| 506 | Coated or impregnated, e.g., adhesively bound: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Compositions in which the material is coated or impregnated
or held together by a binder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 504, | for coated or impregnated diverse granules or fibrous
materials. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 175+ , 190, 193, and 196+ for
fabrics or textiles in general, which may be coated or
impregnated. |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or
Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 59+ for a coated or impregnated fabric. |
|
| | |
| 507 | Fabrics: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Compositions comprising a woven or knitted fabric.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or
Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 59+ for a coated or impregnated woven or knitted fabric. |
|
| | |
| 508 | Fibrous: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Compositions which include fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489+, | for abutted fibrous members. |
| 496, | for bound, fused or matted fibrous structures. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 242 , 282, 699+, and
711 for coating or plastic compositions containing fibers. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 105+ and 114 for a stock mate rial product in the form
of a composite web or sheet in which filamentary or fibrous elements
in respective layers or components are in angular or parallel relationship, respectively; subclasses
357+ for a layer or mass of structurally defined or coated
fibers or filaments. |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or
Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 59+ for a coated or impregnated fabric. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclasses 35+ for glass compositions containing fibers; and
subclass 95 for refractory composition containing fibers. |
|
| | |
| 509 | Inorganic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Compositions in which the fibers are inorganic, e.g., asbestos
or glass wool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 210 , 317.9, 325, 426+, and
443+ for a stock material form of a single or plural layer
web or sheet which may include glass or asbestos fibers or filaments. |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or
Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 20+ , 54+, 172+, 266, 331, 348, and 367
for a fabric which may include glass or inorganic fibers or filaments. |
|
| | |
| 510.1 | Porous unitary mass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Compositions in which the material is held together by fusing
or sintering.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass .5 for metal powders. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 122 , 601+ and 672+ for coating
or plastic pore forming compositions. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclass 228 for porous material well screens. |
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclass 2 for processes of making sintered porous articles
from metal. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 566 for metal particle-containing stock material
distinguished by an interconnected void structure. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 50+ for pore forming, per se in a synthetic
resin or natural rubber composition. |
|
| | |
| 511 | LIQUID AS SEPARATING MEDIUM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a separating medium comprises a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 634+, | for processes of solvent extraction. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 196, | Mineral Oils: Apparatus,
subclass 14.52 for apparatus for separating mineral oil by solvents. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 256+ for apparatus for extracting a liquid with a liquid. |
|
| | |
| 512.1 | TANGENTIAL FLOW OR CENTRIFUGAL FLUID ACTION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein fluid flows tangentially of a container
in a manner to produce a whirling motion or there is driven means
to rotate the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 304, | for a tangential inlet, or spiral or convolute
baffle in combination with a filter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation,
subclasses 400+ and 447+ for similar type gas separators. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 725+ for methods and apparatus for removing plural grades
or classes of solids from a liquid suspension and subclasses 710+ for
analogous treatment of a gaseous suspension. |
|
| | |
| 512.3 | With movable means affecting flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 512.1. Apparatus having means which is movable, e.g., rotatable, etc., by
either an external source or a fluid within the apparatus. The
means functions to impart a whirling or rotary motion to the fluid. |
| | |
| 513 | GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a container or tank in which a mixture
of liquids or liquids and solids are separated from one another
by forming constituent layers in accordance with their respective
sepcific gravities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 187+, | for a heat exchanger within a gravitational separator. |
| 207+, | for a distinct reactor tank within a gravitational
separator. |
| 265, | for a particulate material separator with a gravitational
separator. |
| 299+, | for a filter and a constituent trap. |
| 800+, | for a process of gravitational separation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation,
subclasses 434+ for gas separators in which the gas current is
deflected to effect separation. |
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclass 456 for separation of a dairy food one of which is
a liquid. |
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclasses 13 and 27 for sugar or amylaceous material separating
and purifying settling tanks. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 172 for fluid handling apparatus including means to
separate two liquids from each other. |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means,
subclass 110 for ladles usable with gravitational separators. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 105.1+ for well pumps having sediment traps or deflectors
and subclasses 105.5+ for liquid-gas
separators; i.e., gas anchors. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 155+ for separating solids by suspending them in a liquid. |
|
| | |
| 514 | Portable invertible, e.g., milk
and cream separator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Apparatus comprising means which cooperates with an invertible, portable
container to isolate one constituent after inversion of the container; or
after isolation with a single opening of the container extending
upwardly, one constituent is withdrawn by inversion of
the container. |
| | |
| 518 | Sectional isolator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Apparatus in which the isolator is formed of parts to permit
angular rearrangement for insertion in the container. |
| | |
| 519 | Material supply distributor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Apparatus having a distributor at an inlet for supplying
the material to the container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 273, | for a moving distributor to a particulate material
separator. |
| 343, | and 417, for alternately opening distributors. |
| 377, | for a centrifugal extractor having a prefilt distributor. |
|
| | |
| 523 | Mechanical constituent mover: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Apparatus including mechanical means for moving a constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 221, | for froth flotation with a scum remover. |
| 298, | for a sediment mover in a diverse operation separator. |
| 407, | for residue removing means for a filter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 30, | Cutlery,
subclasses 324+ for spoons. |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means,
subclasses 110+ for ladles. |
|
| | |
| 532.1 | Heavier constituent trap, chamber, or recess: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Apparatus providing a trap, chamber, or
recess for receiving the heavier constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 105.1+ for well pumps having sediment traps or deflectors; and
subclasses 105.5+ for liquid-gas separators; i.e., gas anchors. |
|
| | |
| 532.2 | Septic tank: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 532.1. Apparatus in the form of a septic tank.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 170.08, | for a septic tank installed in a geographic feature. |
|
| | |
| 533 | Closure or valve controlled discharge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Apparatus wherein the heavier constituent is discharged
through a closure or valve controlled port.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 112+, | for control by flow material level or fluid pressure
responsive means. |
| 312+, | for similar structure in diverse separators. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 251, | Valves and Valve Actuation,
subclass 144 for a valve mounted on a tank of general utility. |
|
| | |
| 534 | In sloping recess: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in which the bottom wall of the separator has
a portion with at least one sloping wall into which the heavier
constituent drains. |
| | |
| 539 | Gas vent or bypass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Apparatus having a gas vent or bypass from the separating
compartment of the tank.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 587+ for a tank with a gas vent and inlet and outlet. |
|
| | |
| 540 | With discharge port: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Apparatus with a discharge port for a lighter constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 522, | for a superposed compartments each with a lighter
constituent discharge. |
| 537, | for discharge means for heavier and lighter constituents. |
|
| | |
| 541 | ADJUNCTS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which aids a device of this class to perform a
separating function. |
| | |
| 600 | PROCESSES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process by which a liquid (a) of no specific
utility, (b) of general utility, or (c) water (either
for use or discharge) is treated by mechanical, physical, or
chemical means to perfect it for an intended use or render it less noxious.
| | (1)
Note. A process of treating a specific liquid material, other
than water, is provided for on the basis of the classification
of that material. See section III, B, 2
of the main class definition. A process of treating a liquid
for which there is no other classification, e.g., blood, per
se, is provided for in this class. Class 516 is
the locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed
and provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed
by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or
foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product. Class 210
provides for (a) processes which include a step
of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally claimed, when combined
with a step of separation of a diverse component, unless
that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a
step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the
purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended
for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass provides for a chemical treatment
of a liquid if no chemical is added but constituents already in
the liquid react as by heating. See subclasses 749+ for
a process including addition of a chemical agent. |
| | (3)
Note. The processes provided for in subclasses 633, 634+, 656+, and
660+ utilize similar functions based on relative attraction
or repellancy of materials and an explanation of the distinction
between the concepts of subclasses 633 and 634+ on the
one hand and of subclasses 656+ and 660+ on the
other hand, is given in the definition of subclass 634. | |
| | |
| 601 | Treatment by living organism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which the treatment is effected by an agent which
has the ability to reproduce itself.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, living
organism includes animals, plants, (e.g., algae, etc.) and
micro-organisms (e.g., bacteria, fungus, etc.) but
not enzymes. The organism may reproduce either sexually, asexually, or
by mechanical division (caused by external agents) and
regeneration (e.g., layering
or cloning, etc.). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.22, | for a closed circulating system for an aquarium
using a living organism. |
| 922, | for an oil spill clean up process which may use
micro-organisms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 119, | Animal Husbandry,
subclass 260 for an aquarium having a biological-type liquid
filter. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for a process of culturing micro-organisms
and methods in general, using such micro-organisms. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 158 for the containment of hazardous or toxic micro-organisms. |
|
| | |
| 602 | Including plant or animal of higher order: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process in which the living organism is chlorophyl-bearing
and vegetative or is sentient, i.e., fish, fowl, insect
or mammal.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for processes in which
the active agent is what is generally referred to as a higher animal
or plant, normally visible to the naked eye and is distinguished
from micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and
viruses and includes worms and algae. In general, the
living organisms of this subclass are the same as those provided
for in Classes 47, Plant Husbandry; and 119, Animal
Husbandry, while the living organisms of Class 435 are
excluded. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 47, | Plant Husbandry, for a process of culturing or growing plants in
which a sludge or effluent of water treatment may be used. |
| 119, | Animal Husbandry, for a process of raising fish or worms in which
a sludge or effluent of water treatment may be used. |
|
| | |
| 604 | And reusing oxidant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein the collected gas is an oxidizing agent
which is reused or recirculated in the treatment. |
| | |
| 605 | Anaerobically, with subsequently aerobically treating
liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process in which the mainstream is acted upon by living
organisms which thrive in the absence of oxygen followed by a treatment
of that stream with living organisms which thrive on oxygen.
| | (1)
Note. Processes which include the sequential steps
of aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment
of the mainstream belong in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 630, | for an aerobic treatment, followed by an
anaerobic treatment. |
|
| | |
| 606 | Adding enzyme or releasing same by treating micro-organism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process wherein an enzyme is added directly or released (through
rupture of the living organism cells) to enhance treatment
of the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 632, | for process which treats liquid with an enzyme. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 41+ for a general chemical process using an enzyme; and
subclasses 183+ for an enzyme, per se. |
|
| | |
| 607 | Dividing, treating, and recombining liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process in which the main process stream is divided into
plural flow paths, at least one of which receives some
treatment prior to subsequently being recombined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 790, | for a physical liquid separation process in which
the liquid is divided and later recombined. |
|
| | |
| 608 | Regulating floating constituent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process in which solid constituents are separated by discriminating
flotation, or floating constituents are treated or prevented
from collecting, or flotation is prevented.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 703+, | for a process of precipitation and flotation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 12.1+ for processes of that class including flotation. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, especially
subclasses 16 and 39 for processes and apparatus for breaking
up solid accumulations. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 98+ for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase (flocs, coagulates) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, subclasses
113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating); in
each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically
claimed art. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of
colloid systems generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation
or purification of liquids, generally claimed, when
performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an
emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for
such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 609 | Including dewatering sludge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process including a step of drying or compression of solids
to lower the liquid content.
| | (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, a treatment
by living organism step must be positively recited. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 702+, | for dewatering of sludge by addition of a precipitant. |
| 767+, | for dewatering of sludge, per se, which
sludge may have been derived by treatment by living organism. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for drying sewage sludge which do not include decomposition of the
sewage. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers,
subclasses 12+ for processes of making fertilizer from sewage
which go beyond mere drying of the sludge. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 98+ for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase (flocs, coagulates) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, subclasses
113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating); in
each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically
claimed art. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of
colloid systems generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation
or purification of liquids, generally claimed, when
performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an
emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for
such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 610 | Including adding ancillary growth medium for micro-organism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process in which a nutrient is added to promote multiplication
of the living organism.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, and addition
of growth medium by mere recirculation of sludge is not considered ancillary. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, particularly
subclasses 243+ and 822+ for specific classes of micro-organisms
and methods of culturing. |
|
| | |
| 611 | For or with specific micro-organism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Process wherein a specific strain of micro-organism
is named.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 822+ for specific micro-organisms and method of
culturing them. |
|
| | |
| 612 | And regulating temperature during biological steps: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process including a step of temperature control.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 603, | for a process in which a generated gas is collected
and which may include temperature regulation. |
| 609, | for a process of sludge dewatering including temperature
regulation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 266 through 274for chemical process control or monitoring system
and subclasses 299-300 for temperature control. |
| 702, | Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or
Testing,
subclasses 19+ for data processing in biological or biochemical
applications, subclasses 22+ for data processing
in chemical analysis, and subclasses 130+ for
data processing in a generic temperature measuring system. |
|
| | |
| 614 | Controlling process in response to stream constituent or
reactant concentration: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process in which a probe or sensor conveys to an actuating
means a change in or the existence of a predetermined parameter, of
a condition in the liquid being treated and the actuating means
varies, ceases, or initiates at least one element
of a treatment.
| | (1)
Note. The sensing of the condition may be prior to
or sequent to the treatment and includes the condition of either influent
or effluent. |
| | (2)
Note. The operation is "automatic" and requires
action by the apparatus and does not include use of for example
an overflow standpipe or a human attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications, especially
subclasses 266 through 274for computerized control of a chemical process. |
|
| | |
| 616 | Particulate media: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Process wherein the contact surfaces are granular, or
comprise a mass of small particles, e.g., sand, powder, etc. |
| | |
| 617 | In bed form: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Process wherein the particulate media is relatively closely
packed in a dense mass rather than being dispersed through the liquid. |
| | |
| 618 | And rehabilitating or regenerating same: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 617. Process wherein the particulate media is restored to the
condition in which it was before the treatment process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 791+, | for a process of rehabilitating or regenerating
a similar particulate bed used for filtering. |
|
| | |
| 619 | Rotating contactor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Process wherein the contact surfaces are rotating contactors
such as discs, drums, cylinders, brushes, etc. |
| | |
| 620 | Aerobic treatment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process wherein the liquid is acted upon by living organisms
which thrive on oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 602, | for aerobic treatment processes utilizing plants
or animals. |
| 604, | for aerobic treatment processes wherein the gaseous
oxidant employed or generated is collected and reused in the treatment. |
| 606, | for aerobic treatment processes by living organisms
in conjuction with enzymes. |
| 615, | for aerobic treatment processes which utilize a
contact surface. |
|
| | |
| 621 | Recirculating to prior step: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Process wherein a portion of the stream is withdrawn subsequent
to the aerobic treatment step and returned thereto.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for recirculation of
a portion of the stream without a separation of the constituents. Recirculation
of a constituent after separation is provided for in an indented
subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for apparatus including recirculating means. |
| 603+, | for collection and recirculation of a gaseous component
to an aerobic treatment step. |
|
| | |
| 623 | Of sludge or separated solid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Process wherein sediment is recirculated.
| | (1)
Note. Sludge includes solids separated by various
methods and which retain considereable liquid, having a
muddy or gelatinous texture. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 713, | for a precipitation process including recirculation
of separated solids. |
|
| | |
| 625 | Treating outside mainstream: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 623. Process wherein the sediment being recirculated is treated
after removal from the process stream and prior to reintroduction
into the process stream.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 710+, | for a process of treating separated solids in a
precipitating method. |
|
| | |
| 627 | Utilizing specific oxidant other than air alone (e.g., oxygen-enriched
air, ozone, peroxide, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Process wherein the oxygen-containing agent is
a particulate oxidant (e.g., oxygen-enriched air, oxygen, ozone, hydrogen
peroxide, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 721+, | for a process involving oxidation in combination
with precipitation. |
| 758+, | for a process involving chemical oxidation. |
|
| | |
| 628 | Utilizing mechanical aeration means (e.g., stirring): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Process wherein the oxygen is introduced into the liquid
by disturging or agitating the liquid to more effectively expose
its surface to the atmosphere.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for processes other
than diffusing air under the surface of the liquid and includes
methods of stirring the surface, pouring or squirting liquid
into the air, among others, to increase solution
of air into the surface of the liquid. |
| | (2)
Note. A process utilizing a rotating surface such
as a rotating contactor, disc, brush, drum, cylinder, etc., which
supports the living organisms, and which obviously circulates
and stirs the liquid, will not ordinarily be placed in
this subclass, but will be provided for in subclass 619. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 619, | for a process utilizing a rotating contact surface
which may also stir the liquid. |
| 926, | for a collection of art disclosing the use of an
oxidation ditch, sometimes called a carousel. |
|
| | |
| 630 | And anaerobic treatment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Process wherein additionally the liquid is acted upon by
living organisms which thrive in the absence of oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 605, | for a liquid being acted upon by living organisms
in any of the following sequences:
- aerobic - anaerobic - aerobic
- (2) anaerobic - aerobic - anaerobic
- (3) anaerobic - aerobic
|
|
| | |
| 632 | Treating by enzyme: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which the liquid is treated with a proteinaceous
catalyst derived from a living organism.
| | (1)
Note. An enzyme is generally specific in the chemical
reaction it causes. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 606, | for a process wherein the liquid is treated with
a living organism and an enzyme is added thereto or released from
the organism to aid in the treatment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 249 through 260for the containment of hazardous or toxic micro-organisms. |
|
| | |
| 633 | Extracting utilizing solid solute: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which a solid material is added to a liquid into
a constituent of which it preferentially dissolves and in which
the resulting solution is readily separable from other constituents of
the original liquid.
| | (1)
Note. Adding a solid inorganic salt to a water alcohol
mixture with formation of a brine phase and an alcohol phase is exemplary
of this process. | |
| | |
| 634 | Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or
diffusing or passing through septum selective as to material of
a component of liquid; such diffusing or passing being effected
by other than only an ion exchange or sorption process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which either (a) a dissolved
or suspended constituent of the liquid is preferentially dissolved
or dispersed into a second liquid, or (b) a
constituent of the liquid is selectively allowed to migrate through
a barrier.
| | (1)
Note. The liquid/liquid extraction may be
by direct contact of the liquids or through a permeable barrier (dialysis). While
in the second situation (b of this definition) the
barrier allows selective migration (is semipermeable), in
liquid/liquid extraction, the barrier, per
se, need not be semipermeable. |
| | (2)
Note. The constituent which transfers must be dissolved
or colloidally suspended in the second liquid and not merely removed
as a floated or precipitated solid. |
| | (3)
Note. No distinction is made as to the nature of
the constituent which is removed; it may be considered
a solute, solvent, or both, or additive, etc. |
| | (4)
Note. The mechanism by which the constituent is separated
from the liquid through the membrane is more than mere microfiltration, being
based on the materials of the liquid and the membrane, and is
discussed in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemistry-Dialysis-Vol. 7; and Osmosis, Osmotic
Pressure - Vol. 14. |
| | (5)
Note. The processes provided for in different subclasses
of this class utilize similar functions based on relative attraction or
repellancy of materials. See the notes below and the Search
This Class, Subclass references for the distinction between
the concepts. Processes of other subclasses require solid
material as an agent (often granular or in divided form) which
tends to trap or capture on its surface or within its cavities, a
constituent to be removed from a liquid. See Search This
Class, Subclass, below In this subclass (634) and
that above it, processes which are directed to extraction utilize
a liquid (or a solid which becomes liquid-the
solute). In processes which are directed to diffusing
through a septum, a constituent appears to become incorporated
temporarily into the material of the septum (not merely
at the surface or in cavities, but throughout) and
is not retained but exudes from the downstream side of the septum. During
the diffusion the material passed and the material of the septum
appear to form a solid solution with a concentration gradiant along
the path of diffusion. See the Search This Class, Subclass
notes for provision for liquid/liquid chromatography.
Filtration to an extremely fine degree, e.g., ultra- or
hyper-filtration, where separation is achieved
by using an element with interstices so small that it prevents passage
of very small particles (even down to colloidal size) is
provided for elsewhere see Search This Class, Subclass, below. Some
documents refer to dialysis and osmosis (reverse) as ultrafiltration
or hyperfiltration. When there is confusion or doubt whether hyperfiltration
or ultrafiltration is due to pore or interstices size or attraction-repulsion
due to chemical nature of a membrane or septum, placement
of the document should be in the appropriate first appearing subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 635, | for liquid/liquid chromatography, because
a liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction function
is performed and this appears before chromatography in the schedule. |
| 656+, | 660+ require solid material as an agent (often
granular or in divided form) which tends to trap or capture on
its surface or within its cavities, a constituent to be
removed from a liquid. The method of subclasses 656+ is a
species of the art of subclass 660 and in both situations the agent
utilized remains a solid and retains the constituent which is removed. |
| 767, | for filtration to an extremely fine degree, e.g., ultra- or
hyper-filtration, where separation is achieved
by using an element with interstices so small that it prevents passage
of very small particles (even down to colloidal size). |
|
| | |
| 635 | Liquid/liquid or gel type (i.e., jelly
like) chromatography: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which the extracting liquid is relatively immobile
and an equilibrium of the dissolution or suspension of a constituent
between the two liquids is set up such that the constituent moves
through the extracting liquid at a slower rate than the movement
of the treated liquid and said constituent tends to concentrate in
a specific volume of the extracting liquid.
| | (1)
Note. See subclasses 656+ for chromatography
using a solid sorbent and note the distinction between gel-type
chromatography of this subclass and chromatography using a solid, e.g., silica
gel found in subclasses 656+. For the purpose
of this subclass, gel type includes only those suspensions
which have a liquid or jellylike texture or property and does not include
material of a solid character as silica gel. The gel or
liquid stationary phase may be (and generally is) associated
with a solid which tends to immobilize it, usually being
coated on small particles of such a solid to increase surface area. | |
| | |
| 636 | Including cleaning or sterilizing of apparatus: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process which includes a positive step of either removing
accumulated undesired material from the apparatus or destroying
a pathogenic micro-organism.
| | (1)
Note. The continuous removal of a more concentrated
feed stream apart from the processed effluent is not considered cleaning
for purposes of this class. |
| | (2)
Note. An example of undesired material may be a buildup
of retentate on the upstream side of a membrane serving to pass
desired constituents. | |
| | |
| 637 | Including regulating pressure to control constituent gradient
at membrane or to prevent rupture of membrane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which the force driving the liquid to be treated
or a counter force of an effluent is controlled or varied such that (a) the
concentration of a constituent in adjacent layers is maintained
at a desirable level, or (b) the burst strength
of a septum is not exceeded.
| | (1)
Note. Some examples of the art classifiable in this
subclass are pulsating or oscillating the feed in a dialysis method to
prevent buildup of a rejected constituent on the upstream side and
partially equalizing of the pressure on the downstream side of a
reverse osmosis membrane. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications,
subclasses 266 through 274for a computerized monitoring of a chemical process. |
|
| | |
| 638 | Including ion exchange or other chemical reaction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which a constituent of the liquid takes up, gives
away, or replaces a chemical moiety such that a different
compound is formed.
| | (1)
Note. A process in which a dissolved constituent, after
having migrated into an extracting liquid or through a septum, is precipitated
is classifiable here but a process in which precipitation is caused
by addition of a second liquid without extractive solution, e.g., adding
a halide solution to a silver salt solution to cause precipitation, is
classifiable in subclass 702. |
| | (2)
Note. Adding a pH or surfactant agent is not considered
to cause a chemical reaction and such a process is classifiable
in subclass 639 infra. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 660, | for an ion exchange process, per se. |
|
| | |
| 639 | Including prior use of additive (e.g., changing
ph, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which a nonreactive material is added to the
liquid before the extraction or diffusion.
| | (1)
Note. The additive generally aids or perfects the
extraction or diffusion, and may include as an example, a
flocculant to prevent fouling of a membrane. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 638, | for a process in which the additive chemically reacts
with a component of the liquid. |
|
| | |
| 640 | Passing through membrane in vapor phase: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which a constituent of the liquid diffuses through
a septum and exists in the gaseous state.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclass 46 for degasification of a liquid by selective diffusion
of gases through a substantially solid barrier, in which the
constituent that is removed is initially present as a gas in the
liquid. Class 210 takes processes of separating a constituent
through a membrane or septum wherein the constituent is not initially
present as a gas in the liquid and passes through the membrane or
septum in vapor phase. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, for a process in which a constituent of a liquid
is vaporized and condensed to separate it from the liquid mixture. If the
phase change occurs during diffusion through a septum, the
process is classifiable here. |
|
| | |
| 641 | Utilizing plural diverse membranes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which at least two membranes of differing constitution
are used.
| | (1)
Note. The differing constitution may be different
materials or the same material with identified different internal
structure (e.g., different permeability, degrees of
cross-linking, specified methods of making, etc.). | |
| | |
| 643 | Utilizing liquid membrane (e.g., emulsion) in
liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which a liquid serves as a selective septum through
which a constituent diffuses, thereby being separated from
the liquid being treated.
| | (1)
Note. In many of the processes of this subclass the
septum is a thin film, sometimes the dispersand of an emulsion
and the diffused constituent collects in fine droplets of the dispersed
phase. |
| | (2)
Note. A common use of this technique is to extract
water from brine and such a process is classifiable in subclass
642. | |
| | |
| 644 | Diffusing or passing through septum selective as to material
of a component in liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which a constituent of the liquid being treated
diffuses through a material which acts as a barrier to other constituents
of the liquid and a constituent is preferentially dissolved in a
second liquid usually contacting the other side of the barrier material.
| | (1)
Note. The selectivity of the diffusion and extraction
of constituents may be due to the combination of the septum and extracting (dialysing) liquid. |
| | (2)
Note. The septum is referred to as a membrane and
is generally a thin film or skinlike material and may swell or soften but
not dissolve in certain liquids. |
| | (3)
Note. The mechanism by which the constituent is separated
from the liquid through the membrane is more than mere microfiltration, being
based on the materials of the liquid and the membrane and is discussed
in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemistry-dialysis-Vol. 7; and Osmosis, Osmotic
Pressure and Reverse Osmosis-Vol. 14. |
| | (4)
Note. While most of the disclosures in this subclass
are directed to process in which the same constituent passes through
the barrier into the second liquid, a claim to a two-step
process which includes liquid/liquid extraction and selective
diffusion through a membrane will be placed here. | |
| | |
| 645 | Biological fluid (e.g., blood, urine, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 644. Process in which the liquid treated is from an animal or
contains living organisms (e.g., ferment).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 128, | Surgery, for a method of treating a biological fluid and
a significant step of withdrawing from, or returning to, the
body such a fluid. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclass for a method of obtaining an
organic compound from a biological fluid. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, for a composition comprising a biological fluid
for treating a body and a process of making such a composition. |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological
Testing,
subclasses 1+ for a method of testing or analysing a biological
fluid. |
|
| | |
| 646 | Hemodialysis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process in which blood is treated or purified.
| | (1)
Note. The process generally duplicates the function
of the kidney. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 128, | Surgery, for a method of treating blood and a significant
step of withdrawing from or returning to a living body the blood
being treated. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 44+ for blood oxygenating apparatus; however, combined
blood purifying and oxygenating apparatus is in this class (210). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclass 2 for a process of oxygenating blood, but
the combined process of purifying and oxygenating blood is classifiable
in this class (210). |
|
| | |
| 647 | Maintaining critical concentration(s): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process in which the amount of at least one constituent
of the treated fluid is kept at or between predetermined limits.
| | (1)
Note. The concentration of either the constituent
it is desired to remove or of some other constituent is included, e.g., maintaining
the potassium level in an artificial kidney process. | |
| | |
| 649 | Diffusing or passing through septum selective as to material
of a component of liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 634. Process in which a constituent of a liquid migrates through
a skinlike partition as set forth in the Glossary under Semipermeable membrane.
| | (1)
Note. The process provided for in this subclass is
more than filtration or screening to a very fine stage, but
includes diffusion of usually a solvent through a material based
on the chemical potential of the various materials of the liquid
and membrane. A rather complete treatment of the process
is given in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology-Dialysis-Vol. 7
pp. 1-21; and Osmosis, Osmotic
Pressure and Reverse Osmosis-Vol. 14, pp. 345-355. | |
| | |
| 650 | Filtering through membrane (e.g., ultrafiltration): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Process in which a liquid is passed through a skinlike barrier
which serves to retain dissolved or colloidally suspended matter, passing only
those constituents which are, per se, fluid, e.g., solvent.
| | (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, some, but
not all, dissolved matter must be retained, e.g., a
solute such as protein, soluble synthetic resins or starch
may be retained while ionized salts may pass through the membrane. Retention
of ionized material is provided for in indented subclasses 652+. | |
| | |
| 651 | Removing specified material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Process in which a constituent removed from the liquid is
positively identified.
| | (1)
Note. The material itself rather than a characteristic
must be identified. For example, oily material, and
food waste, or organic are not considered to be identified
material; however, protein and named bacteria
are considered to be specified material. | |
| | |
| 654 | Synthetic resin: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Process in which the membrane is constructed of a manufactured
polymeric material exhibiting properties similar to those of a natural
resin (e.g., film forming).
| | (1)
Note. Synthetic resins, per se, are
classified in Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, subclasses
201+ (including the 520 series of classes). | |
| | |
| 655 | Cellulosic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Process in which the membrane is constituted of a naturally
occurring polymeric carbohydrate, usually derived from
wood, cotton, or flax. |
| | |
| 656 | Chromatography: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which a solid sorbent competes in affinity with
a relatively moving carrier liquid or solvent for a constituent
such that the constituent is moved through the sorbent at a rate slower
than the liquid and determined by the equilibrium or partition coefficient
of the liquid-sorbent combination.
| | (1)
Note. The process may separate more than one constituent
with different partition coefficients, selectively spacing
said constituents in consequence of the differing equilibria in
the constituent liquid-sorbent combinations. |
| | (2)
Note. The processes provided for in subclasses 633, 634+, 656+, and
660+ utilize similar functions based on relative attraction
or repellancy of materials and an explanation of the distinction
between the concepts of subclasses 633 and 634+ on the
one hand and subclasses 656+ and 660+ on the other
hand, is given in the definition of subclass 634. |
| | (3)
Note. A process in which a liquid or organic gel
acts as a sorbent is a liquid/liquid solvent extraction
process and a patent to such a process will be placed in subclass
635. The organic gels exhibit a resilient or plastic property
indicative of the underlying liquid nature. Silica gel (inorganic) which
has the characteristic of a solid granular mass is not a gel-type sorbent
for that subclass (635) and a process using silica
gel is classifiable in this or an indented subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 635, | for a liquid/liquid or gel-type
chromatography, such as partition chromatography process, and
see (2) Note supra. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 19.02 , 23.35+ and 61.43
for a test involving chromatography. |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 82+ for processes of gas separation using chromatography. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 657 | Utilizing rotating column: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Process in which the sorbent is contained in a tube or column
which is revolved about a point.
| | (1)
Note. The point about which the column rotates may
lie on or be remote from an axis of the column. | |
| | |
| 658 | Utilizing paper or thin layer plate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Process in which the sorbent comprises a fibrous web or
a thin coating or sorptive material on a flat substrate and wherein
separation occurs along the plane of the web or coating. |
| | |
| 660 | Ion exchange or selective sorption: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which the liquid is contacted with a solid insoluble
material which (a) captures from the liquid a
dissociated charged chemical moiety and releases to the liquid a
different charged moiety of the same polarity by dissociation thereby
effecting a chemical replacement reaction, (b) holds
by attraction on its surface or within its pores a constituent dissolved
or colloidally dispersed in the liquid, or (c) preferentially
attracts one of two or more liquids in contact with each other.
| | (1)
Note. The processes provided for in subclasses 633, 634+, 656+, and
660+ utilize similar functions based on relative attraction
or repellancy of materials and an explanation of the distinction
between the concepts of subclasses 633 and 634+ on the
one hand and of subclasses 656+ and 660+ on the
other hand, is given in the definition of subclass 634. |
| | (2)
Note. The ion exchanger or sorbent (separatory
material) is usually granular or porous for more surface
contact and the preferential attraction may be exhibited by sorption
of the entire liquid with preferential release of the constituents. |
| | (3)
Note. Processes directed to the production of a particular
compound or composition (including solutions of either
the compound or composition in water), or directed
to the purification thereof are classified with the particular compound or
composition. Processes wherein all claims are limited to
the deposition of specific materials on ion exchangers or sorbents
with subsequent recovery of the specific materials are classified
with the materials so operated upon. |
| | (4)
Note. The line between this class (210) and
Class 521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers is as follows: Where
a patent contains a claim to an ion exchange synthetic resin and
also a claim to a process involving the mere treatment of a liquid, which
process is classifiable in Class 210 [see (2) Note], the
patent is classifiable in Class 521 and cross-referenced
to this class (210). If all the claims
are drawn to a process of treating liquids with ion exchange resins
or any claim includes a significant liquid treating step the patent
is classified in this class (210) and cross-referenced
to Class 521 when necessary. The presence or absence of
a significant step of regenerating the resin in a process of treating
a liquid does not effect this line. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189, | for separatory apparatus including plural chambers
with movement of granules therebetween. |
| 190, | for separatory apparatus with external means to
supply regenerating medium thereto. |
| 263+, | for a particulate material-type separator. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 90+ for processes of gas separation using solid sorbents. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,
subclass 25 for processes of treating solids in bulk. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 179 for a water insoluble base exchange agent containing
water treating compositions. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for a process employing a
chemical reaction to produce inorganic compounds which may be useful
in ion exchange. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se, and see especially
subclasses 60+ and 400+ for a sorbent which may be used
in purifying liquid. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for a resinous ion exchanger composition, and
especially
subclass 26 for a regeneration process, per se. |
| 554, | Organic Compounds,
subclasses 191+ and 708 for adsorption processes involving organic
materials, see (3) Note. |
|
| | |
| 661 | By passing through suspended bed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process wherein the liquid being treated is passed through
a mass of particulate separatory material suspended within a definite
zone by the velocity of the liquid in a direction opposite to the
force of gravity (e.g., a fluidized
bed).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 715, | for passing a liquid through a sludge or floc blanket. |
|
| | |
| 662 | And liquid testing or volume measuring: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process including testing a liquid to determine its chemical
composition or measuring its volume.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 88+, | for meter controlled cyclic separatory systems. |
| 96+, | for constituent mixture variation responsive separatory
apparatus. |
| 98+, | for fluid current controlled cyclic separatory systems. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 194+ for volume or rate-of-flow meters. |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological
Testing,
subclasses 1+ for chemical analytical methods. |
|
| | |
| 663 | Including diverse separating or treating of liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process in which the liquid being treated is subjected to
an additional operation other than ion exchange or sorption, which
operation (a) removes constituents from the liquid, or (b) neutralizes
or inhibits the effects of constituents in the liquid.
| | (1)
Note. The additional treatment may be prior to, or
subsequent to the ion exchange or sorption treatment. |
| | (2)
Note. Plural ion exchange or sorption treatments, or
ion exchange in combination with sorption treatments, are
not classified in this subclass unless additional other treatments
are also provided. |
| | (3)
Note. A process of retaining exchange or sorbent
material by screening subsequent to agitation of loose such material in
a liquid is not considered to be a separate treating. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 638, | for an ion exchange process combined with liquid/liquid
separation or with use of a semipermeable membrane. |
|
| | |
| 664 | By distilling or degassing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Process in which a constituent is removed from the liquid
by converting part of the liquid to a gaseous or vapor phase in
which the gas or vapor is not sorbed nor chemically changed to a
nongaseous element or compound.
| | (1)
Note. Included are processes in which an initially
dissolved gas in evolved or liquid is vaporized, leaving
behind a nonvapor constituent and the vapor is then condensed. |
| | (2)
Note. The distillation or degassing treatment must
be applied to the liquid undergoing treatment, not to an
additional liquid (e.g., a regenerant) which
may come in contact with the ion exchanger or sorbent. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 188, | for apparatus of this class (210) combined
with means to separate a gas evolved during a treating operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 241+ for processes to remove gas initially present in
a liquid mixture. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, for liquid purification involving distillation, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 665 | By making an insoluable substance or accreting suspended
constituents: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Process in which a liquid is treated by a chemical or physical
agent to cause a dissolved constituent to separate from the solvent
or to cause a constituent, dispersed in such a finely divided state
that it is not filterable or settleable, to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or
flocculate.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass requires a positive step to cause
the precipitation or accretion, and merely allowing suspended material
to settle will not warrant classification here, but is
provided for in subclass 663. |
| | (2)
Note. Precipitation may be either by chemical reaction, (e.g., of
silver by addition of sodium chloride, by salting out or
addition of alcohol to sugar solution, etc.) or
by physical means as agitation, heat, etc. |
| | (3)
Note. A process using a single inorganic flocculant
or precipitant is classified in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 601, | especially 626 and 631, for a process utilizing
a living organism and in which flocculation may occur. |
| 695, | for a process utilizing magnetic energy and which
may precipitate or flocculate material in a liquid. |
| 702, | for a liquid purification or separation process
using precipitation or flocculation, per se. |
| 800+, | for a process of separation including only settling
of suspended material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 295+ and 313+ for physical processes of crystallizing
or agglomerating a specific nonmetallic element or an inorganic
compound. |
| 117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and non-coating apparatus
for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
all types of materials, including inorganic or organic. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses, and
subclasses 701+ and 704+ for a process of obtaining or
purifying a specific organic compound. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for a chemical process of
crystallizing a specific nonmetallic element or an inorganic compound. |
|
| | |
| 666 | Utilizing organic agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Process in which a carbon compound is added to the liquid
to cause precipitation or accretion of a dissolved or suspended
material.
| | (1)
Note. The carbon compound is one that is classifiable
in Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, and
does not include metal carbonates or cyanides. | |
| | |
| 667 | Utilizing aluminum, calcium, or iron
containing agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Process in which an element of atomic number 13, 20, or
26 or an inorganic compound of such an element is added to the liquid
to cause precipitation or accretion of a dissolved or suspended
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 666, | for a similar process using an organic compound
of aluminum, calcium, or iron. |
|
| | |
| 668 | By chemically modifying or inhibiting dispersed constituent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Process in which the additional treatment includes rendering
constituents of the liquid unobnoxious in a comtemplated use of
the liquid, by chemical destruction or neutralization of
the component or by chemical inhibition of the effects of the component.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 673, | for a process of regeneration which includes application
of a destructive agent to the ion exchanger or sorbent. |
| 749, | for a process including destruction or inhibition
as a chemical treatment, especially subclass 764 for destruction
of micro-organisms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, appropriate subclasses for the destruction or containment
of hazardous or toxic waste by way or chemically modifying or inhibiting
dispersed constituent(s). Class 210
provides for the purification of water (liquids) as
useful product even though hazardous or toxic waste may be removed
from or destroyed in the water (liquids). |
|
| | |
| 670 | Including rehabilitating or regenerating exchange material
or sorbent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process including restoring the separatory material to the
condition in which it was before the separatory process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 101+ for processes of chemical leaching peculiar to
hydrometallurgy. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,
subclasses 10+ for a process of regeneration or purification of
the agent used in a process there provided for. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 411+ for a process of regenerating solid adsorbents. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving processes therein provided for; and
subclass 658.5 for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving processes not otherwise provided for. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 20+ for processes of regenerating or rehabilitating
catalyst or sorbent. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 26 for a process of regenerating ion exchange polymers. |
|
| | |
| 671 | Of oil sorbent material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process wherein the separatory material is a sorbent having
oil deposited thereon or therein as a result of contact between
the sorbent and the liquid undergoing treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 680, | for removal of oil from a liquid with a sorbent
material which is associated with an inert material. |
| 693, | for removal of oil from an aqueous stream using
a synthetic resin. |
|
| | |
| 672 | Fractional, selective, or partial type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process in which only a portion of a static body of ion
exchange or sorbent material is regenerated, or parts of
the body are regenerated to different levels of activity; in
which two or more components of the original liquid, deposited
on the ion exchanger or sorbent, are removed separately
from the insoluble material by an eluant and collected in fractions
containing varying proportions of the components; or in
which two or more components are removed separately by the use of
an eluant specific for the removal of each, e.g., selective
elution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 656, | for a process involving chromatography. |
| 676, | for a process in which the separatory material is
regenerated in a continuous cyclic process; i.e., portions
are sequentially regenerated. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry of Physical Processes,
subclasses 296+ for selective crystallization. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 23.35+ for gas analysis by chromatography; and
subclasses 863+ for gas samplers. |
|
| | |
| 673 | Utilizing gas, water or chemical oxidizing or reducing
agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process wherein the separatory material is restored to use
by contact by a gas (including drying) except
to merely loosen a bed, or by water, or by a chemical
agent which oxidizes or reduces the sorbed constituent.
| | (1)
Note. Mere backwashing with water, without
the water causing a regeneration of the separatory material, is
not intended to be included in this subclass. Elution by
a solvent, except water, is not proper for this
subclass, see subclass 674. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 668, | for destruction or inhibition of a dispersed constituent. |
| 764, | for a chemical treatment involving destruction of
micro-organisms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclass 310 for distillation of mineral oils from adsorbents. |
|
| | |
| 674 | Utilizing organic regenerant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process in which the separatory material is contacted with
a carbon compound which serves to restore it by elution or exchange.
| | (1)
Note. The carbon compound is one that is classifiable
in Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, and
does not include metal carbonates or cyanides. | |
| | |
| 675 | Rehabilitating or regenerating in diverse zone or chamber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process wherein the ion exchange or sorbent material is
conveyed out of a liquid treating zone into a rehabilitation zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31, | for processes of fractional or selective rehabilitation
of static beds. |
| 189, | for apparatus having means for moving granules between
plural chambers. |
|
| | |
| 676 | Continuous cyclic process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Process in which portions of the separatory material are
sequentially conveyed from, restored and returned to the
treating zone in a repetitive mode, with some part of the
separatory material treating liquid while another part is concurrently
being regenerated. |
| | |
| 677 | Using conserved or recirculated fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process in which a liquid which has once been contacted
with the separatory material is again contacted with the same or
a different separatory material at a different step in the treating-regenerating
cycle.
| | (1)
Note. The second contacting must perform the restoration
of separatory material and not further treat the liquid. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for separatory apparatus including means to recirculate
a constituent. |
|
| | |
| 678 | Including liquid flow direction change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process including a flow of fluid through the separatory
material in a direction different from the flow of liquid during
the separating treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 275+, | for backwash or blowback means combined with a particular
material-type separator. |
| 420+, | for a filter with valve means providing selective
directive flow relative to the filter. |
|
| | |
| 680 | Including oil sorbent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Process wherein the separatory material comprises a sorbent
which has an affinity for oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 671, | for rehabilitating an oil sorbent material. |
| 693, | for removing an oil from an aqueous stream with
a synthetic resin. |
|
| | |
| 681 | Removing ions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process in which a constituent removed comprises a dissociated
charged chemical moiety. |
| | |
| 682 | Radioactive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Process in which the ion removed contains an atom the nucleus
of which emits subatomic particles or rays and changes in either
atomic weight or number.
| | (1)
Note. Most of the radioactive ions comprise the actinide
or lanthanide series of elements. | |
| | |
| 683 | Anions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Process wherein the contituent is negatively charged. |
| | |
| 685 | Including cation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 683. Process including removing a positively charged constituent
from the liquid being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 681, | 687, or 688, for a process involving removal
of cations. |
|
| | |
| 686 | Utilizing mixed bed or amphoteric material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Process wherein the separatory material is (a) a mixture
of distinct cation exchanging particles and anion exchanging particles, or (b) a
single material exhibiting both cation exchanging and anion exchanging
properties. |
| | |
| 688 | Heavy metal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Process wherein the constituent is a positively charged
ion of a metal whose specific gravity is greater than four. |
| | |
| 690 | Sorbing organic constituent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process in which the constituent retained by the separatory
material comprises a carbon compound.
| | (1)
Note. The carbon compounds that are considered organic
are those classifiable in Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon
Compounds, and do not include metal cyanides or carbonates. | |
| | |
| 691 | From aqueous material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Process in which the liquid from which the organic constituent
is sorbed comprises water.
| | (1)
Note. The liquid may be considered as a functional
or known liquid other than water but contains a substantial amount of
water (e.g., blood, sap, concentrated aqueous
solution, etc.). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclasses 49 and 55 for adsorption processes applied to sugar
solutions. |
|
| | |
| 692 | Utilizing synthetic resin: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Process wherein the separatory material comprises a manufactured
polymeric material exhibiting properties similar to those of a natural
resin (e.g., film forming).
| | (1)
Note. Synthetic resins, per se, are
classifiable in the 520 series of classes. | |
| | |
| 693 | Oil removed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 692. Process wherein the organic constituent removed from the
liquid is an oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 671, | for rehabilitating an oil sorbent material, combined
with a sorbing step. |
| 680, | for removal of oil from a liquid with a sorbent
material which is associated with an inert material. |
|
| | |
| 694 | Utilizing activated carbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Process in which the sorbent comprises the element of atomic
number 6 in a highly porous state.
| | (1)
Note. The sorbent is also known as charcoal and can
be produced by pyrolysis, or carbonizing often with subsequent treatment
as by steam or carbon dioxide. | |
| | |
| 695 | Using magnetic force: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process which includes the use of a magnetic field or of
magnetic material to achieve purification or separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 222+, | for apparatus including magnetic separation means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, particularly
subclasses 155+ for the production of a compound or element by
chemical reaction brought about by electrical or wave energy in a
magnetic field; subclasses 157.15+ for
processes of treating materials involving a chemical reaction brought about
by wave energy; and subclasses 554+ for magnetic
treatment, per se, when some effect other than
mere separation is desired or produced or for simultaneous electrical
and magnetic liquid separation which does not result in the production
of a compound or element by chemical reaction brought about by electrical
or wave energy in a magnetic field. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclass 29 for a process of separating solids while in a fluid suspension. |
|
| | |
| 696 | Preventing, decreasing, or delaying precipitation, coagulation
or flocculation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which ions or solute are maintained in solution
or their separation is impeded, or in which the gathering
together of suspended solids (including colloids) is
impeded.
| | (1)
Note. A claim to a process for preventing scale formation
by precipitation or flocculation, etc., in
a prior step or up stream in a system is not proper for this subclass and
should be searched in subclass 702 infra. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for flocculation or deflocculation there provided
for. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 175+ for a scale inhibiting composition; subclasses
189+ for CO, S, negative element, or
acid, bindant containing compositions; subclass
193 for ammonia, alkali or base, bindant containing
compositions; and subclass 363.5 for solids with
solution or dispersion aid. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 31+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized solid
or semisolid phase dispersed in primarily organic continuous liquid
phase, subclasses 38+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized
bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase dispersed in
aqueous continuous liquid phase, subclasses 77+ for colloid
systems of colloid-sized solid phase dispersed in aqueous
continuous liquid phase; or agents for such systems or
making or stabilizing such systems or agents; subclasses
113 for compositions for or subcombination compositions for or breaking
of or inhibiting of gelling, flocculating, or coagulating
colloid systems; in each instance, when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in
the USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the
locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and
provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed
by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or
foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a
step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the
purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended
for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 697 | Utilizing inorganic phosphorus agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 696. Process in which the solution or suspension is maintained
or the gathering together of particles is impeded by use of an inorganic
compound which includes phosphorus.
| | (1)
Note. Search this class subclass for a process using
inorganic compounds or compositions including metaphosphate, polyphasphate
or P2O5 radicals. | |
| | |
| 698 | Utilizing organic agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 696. Process in which the solution or suspension is maintained
or the gathering together of particles is impeded by use of a carbon
compound.
| | (1)
Note. The carbon compounds are those classifiable
in Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, and
do not include metal cyanides or carbonates. | |
| | |
| 700 | Nitrogen containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Process wherein the organic compound also includes nitrogen.
| | (1)
Note. Search this subclass for a process using aminophosphonic
acids to prevent precipitation or agglomeration. | |
| | |
| 701 | Acrylic polymer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Process wherein the organic compound contains recurring
units formed by the addition reaction of acrylic acid, alpha-substituted acrylic
acid or functional deriatives of such acids.
| | (1)
Note. The functional derivatives include the salts, esters, nitriles, amides, acyl halides, and
anhydrides of the acids. The compound may include units
of other monomers such as, e.g., stryrene
or butadiene. | |
| | |
| 702 | Making an insoluable substance or accreting suspended constituents: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which a liquid is treated by a chemical or physical
agent to cause a dissolved constituent to separate from the solvent
or to cause a constituent, dispersed in such a finely divided state
that it is not filterable or settleable, to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or
flocculate.
| | (1)
Note. This and indented subclasses require a positive
step to cause the precipitation or accretion, and merely allowing
suspended material to settle will not warrant classification here, but is
provided for in subclasses 800+. |
| | (2)
Note. Precipitation may be either by chemical reaction (e.g., of
silver by addition of sodium chloride, by salting out or addition
of alcohol to sugar solution, etc.), or
by physical means as agitation, heat, etc. |
| | (3)
Note. A process using a single inorganic flocculant
or precipitant is classified in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 631, | for a process using a living organism and which
may include a precipitation or flocculating step. |
| 695, | for a process utilizing magnetic energy and which
may precipitate or flocculate material in a liquid. |
| 800+, | for a process of separation including only settling
of suspended material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 295+ and 313+ for physical processes of crystallizing
or agglomerating a specific nonmetallic element or an inorganic
compound. |
| 117, | Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and non-coating apparatus
for growing therein-defined single-crystal of
all types of materials, including inorganic or organic. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses, and
subclasses 701+ and 704+ for a process of obtaining or
purifying a specific organic compound. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for a chemical process of
crystallizing a specific nonmetallic element or an inorganic compound. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating
to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or
pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination
compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized
and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid
systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized
and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions
or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; in each instance, when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in
the USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the
locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and
provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed
by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or
foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a
step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the
purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended
for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 703 | Effecting flotation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process in which a dissolved or dispersed constituent in
the liquid is caused to rise toward an upper surface by use of an
agent which reduces the apparent density of such constituent.
| | (1)
Note. The agent may cause gas bubble which attach
themselves to particles or it may be a light liquid which wets and associates
with the constituent, causing it to float. | |
| | |
| 704 | Including chemical addition (with or without bouyancy
gas): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 703. Process which includes the step of adding a material which
serves to insolubilize or accrete a constituent or effect a chemical
change in the liquid and which is in addition to any bouyancy gas
which may be used.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, a gas used
merely to float the substance is not considered to be a chemical
and would ordinarily be classified in subclass 703. | |
| | |
| 708 | Including emulsion breaking: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process wherein a liquid is finely dispersed within a second
liquid, immiscible therewith, and the dispersed
droplets are caused to gather or accrete such that each of the liquids
tends to concentrate in separate phases.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 665+, | for a step of emulsion breaking in an ion exchange
or sorption process. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the
USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the
locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and
provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by
a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and
for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 709 | Controlling process in response to stream condition: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process in which a probe or sensor conveys to an actuating
means a change in or the existence of a predetermined parameter, of
a condition in the liquid being treated and the actuating means
varies, ceases, or initiates at least one element
of a treatment.
| | (1)
Note. The sensing of the condition may be prior to
or sequent to the treatment and includes the condition of either influent
or effluent. |
| | (2)
Note. The operation is "automatic" and requires
action by the apparatus and does not include use of, for
example, an overflow standpipe or a human attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications, especially
subclasses 266 through 274for computerized control of a chemical process. |
|
| | |
| 710 | Treating the insoluble substance: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process wherein a constituent is insolubilized and further
manipulated other than merely separating from the liquid (e.g., subsequently being
dried, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 609, | for sludge dewatering combined with a treatment
by living organisms. |
|
| | |
| 712 | Including recycling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process including the step of externally recirculating all
or part of any substance, i.e., gas, liquid, or
solids. |
| | |
| 714 | Seeding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process in which the liquid is contacted with solid divided
inert material which serves as nucleating sites for accretion of
constituent.
| | (1)
Note. The material may be the same as or similar
to that being precipitated. | |
| | |
| 717 | In situ: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Process wherein the treating agent is formed in place in
the liquid, i.e., by the interaction
of two or more materials or by the interaction of one or more materials
with one or more constituents in the liquid. |
| | |
| 718 | Including degassing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process which include a step of removal of a gaseous constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas separation. See particularly
subclasses 241+ for degasification of a liquid. See section
III, C, of the Class 210 class definition for
an amplification of the line. |
|
| | |
| 723 | Utilizing precipitant, flocculant, or
coagulant, each with accelerator or with each other or
plural precipitants, flocculants, or coagulants: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process wherein two or more materials are added to the liquid, at
least one of which causes precipitation, flocculation, or
coagulation, and the other either acts similarly or promotes
the activity of the first material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the
USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the
locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and
provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by
a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and
for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 724 | Regulating pH: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Process in which a pH adjusting substance is added in addition
to the precipitant. |
| | |
| 729 | Utilizing organic precipitant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process in which an organic compound or composition brings
about the precipitation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the
USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the
locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and
provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by
a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and
for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 731 | Starch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 730. Process in which the organic compound or composition is
a starch or a derivative thereof.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes synthetically modified
starches. | |
| | |
| 732 | Synthetic polymer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 729. Process in which the organic compound or composition is
an artifically produced polymer.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes organic compositions
polyalkylene oxide homopolymers and copolymers. | |
| | |
| 733 | Acrylic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Process wherein the organic compound contains recurring
units formed by the addition reaction of acrylic acid, alpha-substituted acrylic
acid or functional derivatives of such acids.
| | (1)
Note. The functional derivatives include the salts, esters, nitriles, amides, acyl halides, and
anhydrides of the acids. The compound may include units
of other monomers such as, e.g., stryrene
or butadiene. | |
| | |
| 737 | Including temperature change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process including the step of changing the temperature, e.g., by
heating or cooling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating) (particularly
subclasses 194+ for breaking or resolving of emulsions
in the absence of added agent by vaporizing, heating, or
cooling), when generically claimed or when there
is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically
claimed art. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of
colloid systems generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation
or purification of liquids, generally claimed, when
performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an
emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for
such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 738 | Including agitation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Process including stirring or inducing turbulence.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating) (particularly
subclass 197 for breaking or resolving of emulsions in the absence
of added agent by centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or
specified agitating), when generically claimed or
when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for
the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the locus for
the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and provides
for (a) the separation or purification of liquids, generally
claimed, when performed by a Class 516 process, such
as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and
for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a
step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the
purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended
for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 739 | Including controlling process in response to a sensed condition: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which a probe or sensor conveys to an actuating
means a change in, or the existence predetermined parameter, a
condition in the liquid being treated and the actuating means varies, ceases, or
initiates at least one element of a treatment.
| | (1)
Note. The sensing of the condition may be prior to
or subsequent to the treatment and includes the condition of either influent
or effluent. |
| | (2)
Note. The operation is "automatic" and requires
action by the apparatus and does not include use of, for
example, an overflow standpipe or a human attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 700, | Data Processing: Generic Control Systems
or Specific Applications, especially
subclasses 266 through 274for a computerized control of a chemical process. |
|
| | |
| 741 | Pressure sensing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process in which the force per unit area is sensed.
| | (1)
Note. The pressure may be positive (usually
expressed in p.s.i., kilogram
per cm. or atmospheres) or negative (i.e., vacuum
usually expressed in inches, mm or cm of mercury or water
or in Torrs). | |
| | |
| 742 | Temperature sensing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process which the heat content of the liquid is determined
and is the basis for response by the actuating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 612+, | for a process regulating the temperature in a treatment
utilizing a living organism. |
| 737, | for a process of precipitation or flocculation including
a change in temperature. |
|
| | |
| 743 | pH Sensing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process in which the hydrogen (or hydronium) ion
concentration is measured and used as a basis for response by the
actuating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 639, | for a dialysis or osmosis process including a change
in pH. |
| 724, | for a precipitating or flocculating process, including
regulating pH. |
|
| | |
| 744 | Level sensing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process in which the height of a material, either absolute
or relative to the height of another material is determined and
used as the basis for response by the actuating means.
| | (1)
Note. The level may be determined (by disclosure) by
pressure sensing and if so claimed is classifiable in subclass 742, but
if claimed in terms of height (e.g., linear
measure) is classifiable here. | |
| | |
| 745 | Turbidity or optically sensing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process in which the transmission, scattering, polarization, or
dispersion of light shined into or through the liquid is sensed
and is the basis for response to the actuating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 744, | for a process using an optical sensor to determine
the level of a material. |
|
| | |
| 746 | Electrical property sensing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process in which the conductivity, impedance, or
capacitance of the liquid or constituent is determined and is the
basis for response by actuating means.
| | (1)
Note. The use of an electrical property to determine
some other property (e.g., pH, temperature) is
classifiable in the appropriate subclass above providing for those concepts. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 742, | and 743, and see (1) Note. |
|
| | |
| 747.1 | Including geographic feature: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which a relationship to a particular feature
of the earth’s surface (e.g., ground, a body
of water, etc.) is positively recited, other than
mere discharge to the particular feature of the earth’s
surface.
| | (1)
Note. While septic tanks are normally found to be
underground, the term septic tank is not considered to
be a geographic feature. |
| | (2)
Note. While discharge to the ground or a body of
water is not a geographic feature, discharge at a specified
depth or in a particular strata or formation, or in a particular
location in a body of water is considered to be a geographic feature. |
| | (3)
Note. Included in this subclass is in situ purging
of flowing or still liquid (e.g., in drainage
ditch, pond, etc.) wherein the method
of separating or purifying has (a) at least part
of a system installed on natural or modified terrain to convey rain, snow
melt, a river, sewage, well water or oil, etc. or (b) a
relationship to a particular nonland geographic feature, such
as a lake, ocean, sea, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 36 through 51for drainage devices; subclasses 52-127
for fluid control, treatment, or containment; subclasses
128.1-128.9 for soil remediation; and
subclasses 129.1-129.95 for subterranean
waste disposal, containment, or treatment. |
|
| | |
| 747.2 | Stormwater treatment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 747.1. Process in which fallen precipitation is subjected to a
chemical or physical process that improves or alters the fallen
precipitation (e.g., rainwater
runoff, storm sewer treatment, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclass 12 for a roof with a surface water receiver at an
eave with a separator. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or
Apparatus,
subclasses 2 through 5for roadway drain or gutter structure. |
|
| | |
| 747.3 | Filtering: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 747.2. Process in which the fallen precipitation passes through
a foraminous or porous mass which separates solid matter from the
fallen precipitation by entrapment and retention while permitting
the fallen precipitation to pass through. |
| | |
| 747.5 | Body of freshwater, surface flowing freshwater, or
body of saltwater: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 747.1. Process in which the particular feature of the earth’s
surface that the liquid purification or separation process is related
to is a bounded aggregate of still water that is not salty (e.g., pond, lake, reservoir, etc.), a
bounded aggregate of nonsalty, running water flowing on
the earth’s surface (e.g., stream, river, ditch, canal, etc.), or
an aggregate of salt water covering most of the earth’s
surface (e.g., sea, ocean, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. The water may be what is purified or separated
or the purification or separation process may include apparatus located
in the water for purifying or separating a liquid other than the
water itself. | |
| | |
| 748.01 | Utilizing electrical or wave energy directly applied to
liquid or material being treated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process in which the liquid or a material is directly subjected
to an electrical field or current or to a regular pulsating source
of energy (e.g., irradiation, ultrasonic
vibration, etc.) to cause liquid purification
or separation or to generate a treating agent that is then used
to purify or to separate the liquid.
| | (1)
Note. The process of utilizing electrical or wave
energy on the liquid or a material to generate a treating agent
used in a process of this class will be classified here. Electrolysis
to directly separate a component from a liquid is classified in Class
205. For example, electrolysis of a liquid or
a material to produce chlorine that kills bacteria in the liquid
would be classified here, but removing mercury salts by
plating out mercury would be classified in Class 205. |
| | (2)
Note. The electrical or wave energy must be applied
to the liquid or to the material being treated. Thus, for
example, applying wave energy to apparatus in order to vibrate
a filter to clean the filter is not classifiable here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 695, | for a process of liquid purification or separation
using magnetic force. |
| 785, | and 791-798, for a process of
liquid purification or separation including vibrating to clean a
filter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus,
subclass 224 for gas separation apparatus with sterilizing means
in which the sterilizing means is a germicidal lamp. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 157.15 through 158.21for processes of preparing a compound or element
involving a chemical reaction induced by wave energy, subclasses
450 through 553 for electrophoresis or electro-osmosis, and
subclasses 554 through 573 for electrical or simultaneous electrical and
magnetic separation or purification of a liquid or magnetic treatment of
a liquid (other than separation). See Class
204, References to Other Classes in the class definition, and Class
210, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class and
References to Other Classes in the class definition for an elaboration
of the class line between Class 204 and Class 210. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions
Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for electrolysis, in general, particularly
subclasses 742 through 761for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other
wastewater. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class and Section III-References to Other Classes of the
Class 210 definition for an elaboration of the class line between
Class 205 and Class 210. |
| 250, | Radiant Energy,
subclasses 432 through 438for fluent material containment, support, or
transfer means with irradiating source or radiating fluent material. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 1 through 43for processes of disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or
sterilizing an article or material; and subclasses 186-186.3
for a chemical reactor with means for applying electromagnetic wave
energy or corpuscular radiation to reactants for initiating or perfecting chemical
reaction. |
|
| | |
| 748.02 | Sound waves: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.01. Process in which the wave energy applied is effected by
the energy of compressional vibratory waves in a fluid medium, the waves
being below, within, or above the audible spectrum. |
| | |
| 748.03 | Destroying living organisms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.02. Process in which an agent that has the ability to reproduce
itself is killed.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, living
organisms include animals, plants (e.g., algae, etc.), and
microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungus, etc.), but
not enzymes. The organism may reproduce sexually, asexually, or
by mechanical division (caused by external agents) and regeneration (e.g., layering
or cloning, etc.). | |
| | |
| 748.05 | Separating particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.02. Process in which small pieces of something (e.g., a
solid, biological cells, blood cells, etc.) are
separated or removed from the liquid being treated.
| | (1)
Note. The sound waves may cause solidification or
agglomeration of a component in the liquid. | |
| | |
| 748.06 | Laser: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.01. Process in which the wave energy applied is generated by
a device that converts incident electromagnetic radiation of mixed frequencies
to one or more discrete frequencies of highly amplified and coherent
electromagnetic radiation (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser)).
| | (1)
Note. The radiation is usually in the ultraviolet, visible, or
infrared regions of the spectrum. | |
| | |
| 748.09 | Visible light: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.01. Process in which the wave energy applied has a wavelength
between 400 and 700 nanometers (e.g., solar
light, daylight, sunlight, etc.). |
| | |
| 748.11 | Destroying living organisms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.1. Process in which an agent that has the ability to reproduce
itself is killed.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, living
organism includes animals, plants, (e.g., algae, etc.), and
microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungus, etc.), but
not enzymes. The organism may reproduce sexually, asexually, or
by mechanical division (caused by external agents) and regeneration (e.g., layering
or cloning, etc.). | |
| | |
| 748.14 | Photocatalytic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.13. Process in which the undesirable component in the liquid
is decomposed by use of an agent that promotes photochemical reactions. |
| | |
| 748.15 | Utilizing hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or
oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 748.13. Process in which the undesirable component in the liquid
is decomposed by use of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or
oxygen as a chemical reactant.
| | (1)
Note. The use of hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or
oxygen can include the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH-). | |
| | |
| 749 | Chemical treatment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process wherein a material is added which chemically reacts
with a constituent in the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 606, | and 631, for a chemical treatment combined
with a treatment by a living organism. |
| 634+, | for a process wherein a solute is removed from a
solvent by contacting a solution thereof with a second solvent which
has a greater affinity for the solute than the original solvent. |
| 660+, | for a process including ion exchange. |
| 696+, | for a process wherein a chelating or sequestering
agent is added in order to prevent, decrease, or
delay precipitation. |
| 702+, | for a process in which a chemical is added to cause
precipitation or flocculation of a constituent. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,
subclasses 379+ for processes and apparatus for cleaning liquid
heaters or vaporizers or for purifying the water while the boiler
is in operation. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 1+ for processes of feeding additives to a mainline
flow. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 177+ for purification of mineral oils with chemicals. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 175+ for scale inhibitors. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,
subclasses 701+ for chemical purification of carbon compounds. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for processes of corrosion inhibition. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, for a composition to cure or alleviate a disease
and for a process involving the mere addition of a compound or composition
to water, etc.; for a composition which
is biocidal to an animal or a micro-organism (other
than algae) or for a process involving the addition of
a biocidal compound or composition with no significant or additional
water treatment; or for a process of adding a chemical
to water as a carrier to form a composition with a utility of Class 424. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating) (particularly
subclass 197 for breaking or resolving of emulsions in the absence
of added agent by centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or
specified agitating), when generically claimed or
when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for
the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the locus for
the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and provides
for (a) the separation or purification of liquids, generally
claimed, when performed by a Class 516 process, such
as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and
for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a
step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the
purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended
for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, appropriate subclasses for the destruction of hazardous
or toxic waste by way of chemical treatment. Class 210
provides for the purification of water (liquids) as
useful product even though hazardous or toxic waste may be removed
from or destroyed in the water (liquids). |
|
| | |
| 750 | Including degassing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process in which the addition of the chemical causes the
evolution of a constituent as a gas or in which the process includes
a step of stripping a dissolved gas from the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 603, | for a treatment by a living organism with collection
or storage of a gas. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas separation. See particularly
subclasses 241+ for degasification of a liquid. See section
III, C, of the Class 210 class definition for
an amplification of the line. |
|
| | |
| 752 | Plural spaced feedings: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process wherein at a specified interval of time or distance
from the addition of the chemical the chemical is again added or
a second chemical is added.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 199, | for apparatus to add treating material spaced along
a flow path. |
| 726, | for a process of sequential chemical addition including
precipitation. |
|
| | |
| 753 | Utilizing halogen or halogen containing material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process wherein a material containing an element from group
VII A, either free or as a compound, is added.
| | (1)
Note. The halogen or halogen-containing material
may be either the reactant or a catalyst. However, when
it is a catalyst a reactant must be added. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, especially
subclasses 673+ for a process of fluoridating water to prevent
dental caries. |
|
| | |
| 755 | Organic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Process wherein the chlorine or bromine-containing
material also contains carbon.
| | (1)
Note. The compounds used in this subclass are those
classifiable in Class 260. | |
| | |
| 757 | By chemical reduction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process wherein the positive valence (oxidation
state) of a constituent in the liquid is decreased.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 719, | for a precipitation process involving a chemical
reduction. |
|
| | |
| 758 | By oxidation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process wherein the positive valence (oxidation
state) of a constituent of a liquid being treated is increased.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 198+, | for means to aerate, especially subclass
219 for a mechanical aerator. |
| 220, | for a submerged fluid inlet. |
| 242.2, | for a floating mechanical aerator. |
|
| | |
| 760 | Utilizing ozone: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 758. Process wherein the oxidant is ozone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 192, | for apparatus for preliminary manufacture of ozone. |
| 748.01, | through 748.2, particularly subclasses 748.15
and 748.19, for processes utilizing electrical
or wave energy directly applied to liquid or material being treated, including
the use or generation of ozone. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 186.08+ for an electrical ozonizer with preparatory or product
treating means. |
|
| | |
| 762 | Catalytic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 761. Process including the use of an agent which promotes the
wet air oxidation reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 763 | Catalytic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 758. Process including the use of an agent which promotes the
oxidation reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or
Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 764 | Destroying micro-organisms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process in which a living organism is killed or is prevented
from normal propagation by the addition of a chemical agent.
| | (1)
Note. The process involving the mere addition of
a biocidal algicidal compound or composition with no significant
or additional water treatment is classified in Class 424 or Class
504. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 753+, | for a process including treatment with a halogen
containing a compound. |
| 758+, | for a process comprising oxidizing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, appropriate subclass for a biocidal, e.g., bactericide, fungicide, etc., composition. See (1) Note. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for preservation of foods
by destruction of micro-organism. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,
subclasses 150+ for algicidal compositions. See (1) Note. |
|
| | |
| 765 | With liquid recirculation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process including a step of recirculating all or part of
the liquid being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for apparatus including means for recirculating. |
| 621+, | for a process by treatment with aerobic living organisms
including recirculation. |
| 712+, | for a precipitation process including recirculation. |
|
| | |
| 766 | Including temperature change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Process including the step of adding or removing heat during
the chemical reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 737, | for a precipitation process including a temperature
change. |
| 761+, | for a process in which an autogenic oxidation (e.g., wet
air) maintains high temperature. |
|
| | |
| 767 | Separating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process for separating one constituent of a liquid-liquid
or liquid-solid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 55 for a filtering process peculiar to sugar solutions. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclass 43 for a separatory distillation process combined
with a liquid-liquid extraction operation not otherwise
provided for. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 179+ for purifying used mineral oils; and subclasses
299+ for treatment of mineral oils with solid adsorbents. See
the reference to Class 208 under "SEARCH CLASS", in
the class definition of this class (210). |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,
subclasses 704+ for physical treatment of carbon compounds. |
| 406, | Conveyors: Fluid Current, for a method of and apparatus for separating a solid
or a liquid from a carrier liquid as part of fluid conveying provided
for in Class 406. |
|
| | |
| 768 | Including treating separated solids: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process with the treatment of solids separated from the
mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 217, | for a rotary drum-type filter with means
to wash the separated solids. |
| 710, | for processes involving precipitation with treatment
of separated solids. |
| 791, | for processes of merely removing residue from a
filter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 100, | Presses,
subclass 35 for processes of compressing a filter cake. |
|
| | |
| 769 | Destroying cake or solid component: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 768. Process in which the cake or its solid constituent is destroyed
or removed from the liquid fraction thereof.
| | (1)
Note. Process which recite a nominal step
of waste treatment, i.e., dewatering in
combination with an incineration step are not proper for this subclass
and are provided for in subclass 346 of Class 110. However, processes
which provide significant steps of liquid treatment in combination
with an incineration step are appropriate for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 656, | for a chromatograph process. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclass 346 for processes of burning of solids which may include
a nominal step of separation; and subclasses 219+ for
apparatus provided with means for conditioning refuse to be incinerated
prior to burning. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclass 8 and 11 for the separation of mineral oils from
solid natural sources (rock, shale, etc.). |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving processes therein provided for; and
subclass 658.5 for extracting, leaching, or
dissolving processes not otherwise provided for. |
|
| | |
| 771 | By gas contact: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 770. Process in which the solids are contacted with a gas or
a vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for processes of and apparatus
for separating and drying of solids after removal from the separatory
medium, and see (3) Note of the class
definitions of Class 34. |
|
| | |
| 773 | Including preliminary conversion to liquid state: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process including treating a normally solid mixture to convert
one constituent thereof to a liquid, solution or liquid-solid
suspension and then separating the resulting liquid or liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 295+ for crystallization processes involving purification. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclasses 532+ and 123+ for separating a constituent
from a liquid mixture by refrigeration. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 343.5 for melting furnaces. |
| 554, | Organic Compounds,
subclasses 8+ for processes of recovery or extraction from residues
or organic material; subclasses 175+ for processes
of purification of fats, oils, and waxes by physical
treatment only; and subclass 707 for purification involving
crystallization. |
|
| | |
| 774 | Including temperature change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which the temperature of the mixture is modified (during
its treatment).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 175+, | for separatory apparatus with a heater or heat exchanger. |
| 198+, | for a separator with means to add a treating material. |
| 612+, | for processes of treatment by living organisms including
temperature regulation. |
| 737, | for processes of precipitating by or with a temperature
change. |
| 766, | for processes of chemical treatment with temperature
change. |
| 770+, | for processes of drying separated solids. |
| 773, | for processes of separating with preliminary conversion
to a liquid state. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 295+ for separation by selective crystallization. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclasses 532+ and 123+ for separating a constituent
from a liquid mixture by refrigeration. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 33+ and 37+ for processes of removing paraffin
from mineral oils which include a chilling treatment. |
|
| | |
| 775 | Thermal diffusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Process wherein the temperature modification comprises exposing
the mixture to opposed surfaces which have different temperatures whereby
stratification occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 176, | for diffusion apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclass 289 for processes of gas separation involving cold
wall-hot wall thermal diffusion. |
|
| | |
| 776 | Skimming: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process wherein scum or floating matter is removed from
the mixture surface by skimming.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 703+, | for processes of skimming including flotation. |
|
| | |
| 777 | Including precoating filter medium with filter aid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which a basic separating member or retainer is
coated with a filter medium or filter aid prior to the purification
step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 193, | for precoat adding means. |
| 500+, | for precoat material or filter aid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes, for coating processes, per se, and note
especially
subclasses 180+ for coating with particles or fibers. |
|
| | |
| 779 | Discharging residue to prefilt: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which the separated solids or residue is returned
to the influent or prefilt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for separatory apparatus with means to recirculate
a constituent. |
| 621+, | and 629, for treatment by living organisms
with recirculation to a prior step or internal recirculation. |
| 712+, | for precipitation processes with external recirculation. |
| 765, | for processes of chemical treatment with liquid
recirculation. |
| 805, | for process with recirculation. |
|
| | |
| 781 | Centrifugally extracting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 780. Process in which the prefilt is forced through a filter
by centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 360+, | for a centrifugal extractor. |
| 787, | wherein the centrifugal force is cyclonic, without
filter movement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 56 for centrifugal separation peculiar to sugar solutions. |
| 494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators,
subclass 37 for a process for breaking up a mixutre of fluids
or fluent substances into two or more components by centrifuging
within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like member. |
|
| | |
| 782 | Blood: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Process in which the separated components are those of blood
i.e., serum and plasma, wherein the
filter medium is caused to pass through the blood by the centrifugal
force or the filter medium is passed through the separated blood components
after centrifugation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 359, | for apparatus in which the filter medium is capable
of movement for treatment purposes. |
| 780, | for a method in which the filter moves through the
blood by other than centrifugal force. |
|
| | |
| 783 | Rotating belt: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 780. Process in which the movable filter medium is a rotating
or endless belt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 400, | for filter apparatus made in a closed loop or for
filter elements attached to a closed loop carrier. |
|
| | |
| 784 | Rotating drum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 780. Process in which the movable filter medium is a rotating
drum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 402, | for apparatus in which the movable filter medium
is in the shape of a drum. |
|
| | |
| 787 | Cyclonic, or centrifugal (e.g., whirling
or helical motion or by vortex, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process wherein the influent flows tangentially of a container
in a manner to produce a whirling motion or there is an agitator
to rotate the influent to form a vacuum at its center.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 304, | for apparatus including a filter in which there
is a spiral or convolute baffle or tangential liquid inlet to give the
liquid a whirling motion. |
| 512, | for apparatus wherein fluid flows tangentially to
produce a whirling motion or there is driven means to rotate the fluid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation,
subclasses 345+ and 447+ for apparatus for, separating gases
using cyclonic or centrifugal force. |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 34+ for processes of separating a plurality of gases
by the effect of centrifugal force and subclasses 269+ for
processes of separating solid or liquid particles from gas by the
effect of centrifugal action. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids, especially
subclasses 139 , 199, and 710 through 734 for
a patent directed to fluid suspension classifying of solids using
centrifugal force or a vortex. |
|
| | |
| 789 | Isolating layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 787. Process in which an isolating means is positioned between
the separated constituent layers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 514+, | for gravitational separation apparatus including
an isolating means. |
| 782, | for processes of blood centrifugation. |
|
| | |
| 790 | Dividing and recombining: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which the stream of liquid being treated is separated
into two distinct steams, which streams are later recombined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 194+, | for separating apparatus with means to recirculate
a constituent. |
| 253+, | for parallel flows including serially connected
distinct treating units. |
| 340+, | for parallel filters with flow control means. |
| 607, | for processes of treatment by living organisms including
dividing and recombining. |
| 625, | for processes of treatment by living organisms with
sludge treatment outside of the mainstream and recirculation of
such treated sludge to the mainstream. |
|
| | |
| 791 | Rehabilitating or regenerating filter medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which a residue is removed from or redistributed
through a filter medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 269+, | for apparatus provided with means to restore the
filter medium to the condition it was in before separation. |
| 391+, | for a movable separation medium having means for
removing residue. |
| 407+, | for apparatus having means for removing residue
from the filter medium. |
| 420+, | for a filter with means to clean by backwashing. |
| 777, | for precoat processes many of which remove the precoat
and deposit. |
| 779, | for processes including discharging residue to prefilt. |
| 780+, | in which movement of the filter may prevent clogging
of the filter medium. |
| 785, | for processes including cleaning the filter medium
by electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 792 | Particulate bed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Process in which the filter medium is of the loose particulate
material type, e.g., sand bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 269+, | for a particulate material type separator having
rehabilitation means. |
| 670, | for ion exchange or sorption processes with rehabilitation. |
| 710+, | for precipitation processes including reagent recovery. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 55, | Gas Separation, subclasses beginning with
subclass 474 for gas filter apparatus including loose material, especially
subclasses 512+. |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 274+ for processes of gas separation using particulate
solids. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for processes there provided
for including rehabilitation of the agent used. |
|
| | |
| 793 | Reverse flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 792. Process in which a cleaning fluid passes through the particulate
bed oppositely to the direction of flow during filtration. |
| | |
| 794 | Including addition of diverse fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 793. Process in which the fluid is other than the prefilt and
can be a gas.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, the effluent
from the filtration step is not considered to be diverse fluid. | |
| | |
| 795 | Expanded bed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 794. Process wherein the fluid causes the bed to expand or fluidize
resulting in scouring of the particulates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 786, | for a separation process through a movable particulate
bed. |
|
| | |
| 797 | By diverse fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Process of cleaning the filter medium by contact with a
fluid other than the prefilt.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, the effluent
from the filtration step is not considered to be a diverse fluid. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 792+, | for processes involving the rehabilitation of loose
particulate material type of filter bed. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment
and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, especially
subclasses 137+ for processes of cleaning textile filter cloths
independently of the filtering operation. |
|
| | |
| 798 | Reverse flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 797. Process in which a cleaning fluid passes through the filter
medium oppositely to the direction of flow during filtration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 601+, | for analogous processes applied to a filter which
contains bacterial growths. |
| 777+, | for processes including applying a precoat to a
filter medium. |
| 779, | for processes including discharging the residue
to the prefilt. |
| 793+, | for processes of rehabilitating a particulate material
bed by reversal of flow. |
|
| | |
| 800 | Utilizing gravitational force: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which the liquid and solids contained therein
are stratified and selectively removed by utilizing gravitational
force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 513+, | for gravitational separation apparatus. |
| 781+, | for separation processes including centrifugal extraction. |
| 787, | for processes including whirling or helical motion. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 57 for settling processes for separating impurities
from sugar solutions. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 208+ for grading deposition in a liquid-type
separator and related processes. |
|
| | |
| 801 | Including change of mainstream flow direction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Process in which the direction of the main flow stream is
changed to enhance separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 311, | for apparatus in which entering liquid flows downwardly
and then passes through a filter medium in an upward direction. |
| 738, | for precipitation processes including agitation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 267+ for processes of gas separation using deflection. |
|
| | |
| 804 | And additional diverse separation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Process in which an addition diverse separation is preformed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294+, | for apparatus including a gravitational separator
and an additional diverse separator. |
|
| | |
| 805 | And recirculating liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process including a step of recycling all or part of the
liquid being treated or the separated constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167.01 | through 167.32, for a structural installation with a closed circulating
system. |
| 194+, | for purifiers or separators with recirculation means. |
| 621+, | for process of treatment by living organisms including
recirculation. |
| 629, | for internal recirculation with treatment by living
organisms. |
| 677, | for ion exchange or sorption processes with rehabilitation
by conserved or recirculated fluid. |
| 712+, | for precipitation processes including external recirculation. |
| 765, | for chemical treatment processes with liquid recirculation. |
|
| | |
| 806 | Plural separating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process including plural steps of separating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 102, | for plural separatory units combined with programming
means responsive to flow, fluid pressure or material level. |
| 124, | for a float controlled valve between separators. |
| 141, | for separating means combined with programming means. |
| 155, | for plural screens of the flume stream type. |
| 181, | for a flow line connected heat exchanger in series
with distinct separators. |
| 182, | for diverse separators combined with heat exchange
means. |
| 195.1+, | for serially connected distinct treating units having
means to recirculate. |
| 200+, | for plural distinct separators with means to add
treating material. |
| 252, | for serially connected distinct treating units. |
| 263+, | for a particulate material-type separator
with plural separatory mediums. |
| 294+, | for diverse distinct separators. |
| 322+, | for plural distinct separators. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids,
subclasses 12.1+ for combined classifying, separating, and assorting
of solids. |
|
| | |
| 807 | Utilizing particulate bed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which the filter medium is of the loose particulate
material type, e.g., sand bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 263+, | for apparatus utilizing a bed of discrete particles. |
| 616+, | where there are living organisms supported on such
particulates. |
| 660+, | when the particulate material is of the sorption
or ion exchange type. |
| 792+, | for processes of separation through a particulate
bed including rehabilitation of such bed. |
|
| | |
| 808 | Including specified pressure change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 767. Process in which a change in pressure causes or aids in
the separating of constituents.
| | (1)
Note. Processes which involves the mere squeezing
of an already formed filter cake belong in subclasses 770+. Processes
which involve the use of vacuum to draw filtrate through a filter
medium, utilize pressure to drive the prefilt through the
filter medium, or where a mere change in pressure causes
the separation, belong in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 703+, | for processes in which the pressure change results
in flotation. |
|
| | |
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published disclosures
pertaining to various specified aspects of the liquid treating art
which aspects do not form appropriate bases for subclasses in the
foregoing classification (i.e., subclasses
superior hereto in the schedule), wherein original
copies of patents are placed on the basis of the type of process
employed. These subclasses assist a search based on particular
the liquid treated, material removed or desired result
and may be of further assistance to the searcher, either
as a starting point in searching this class or as an indication
of further related fields of search inside or outside the class. Thus, there
is here provided a further path of access for retrieval of a limited
number of types of disclosures.
| | (1)
Note. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses
for their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or
secondary fields of search, without regard to their original
classification of their claimed subject matter. |
| | (2)
Note. The disclosures found in the following subclasses
are examples, only, of the indicated subject matter, and
in no instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior
art. |
| | (3)
Note. Where a subclass is directed to a concept, do
not cross here. For example, do not cross-reference
a subclass 646 patent to subclass 927 or a subclass 688 patent to
subclass 912. |
| 900 | ULTRA PURE WATER (E.G., CONDUCTIVITY
WATER): |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to the production of
extremely pure water; the technique may involve "polishing" (an
ion exchange process) or combinations of processes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclasses 10+ for a distillation purification of water. |
|
| | |
| 901 | SPECIFIED LAND FILL FEATURE (E.G., PREVENTION
OF GROUND WATER FOULING): |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to details of disposal
of waste liquid treatment residue upon or into the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 128.1 for soil remediation in situ or soil remediation
ex situ wherein there is a step of removing the soil from its existing
site, and subclass 129.1 for subterranean waste disposal, containment, or
treatment. |
|
| | |
| 902 | MATERIALS REMOVED: |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to the removal of a particular
constituent from a liquid; these disclosures are primarily
concerned with removal of the material from the liquid to perfect
the liquid for subsequent use or disposal; however, the
same technique could be used where the specific material removed
is the desired product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 230+ for a chemical test for a specific material; and
subclasses 293+ for a physical method of recovering a nonmetallic
element or an inorganic compound from a mixture. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, especially
subclasses .5+ and 97+ for method of recovering metal
from a liquid. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses for the recovery of an organic
compound and not the physical process subclasses (704+) in
that class. |
|
| | |
| 903 | Nitrogenous: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 902 in which
the material is or contains nitrogen. The material may
be organic (e.g, amines) or inorganic (e.g., nitrates). |
| | |
| 904 | -CN Containing: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 903 in which
the material is a nitrile or a cyanide. |
| | |
| 905 | Protein: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 903 in which
the material includes a chain of N-acylated amino acids. |
| | |
| 907 | Phosphate slimes: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 906 in which
the liquid treated is a suspension resulting from processing phosphate
rock, usually in making fertilizer.
| | (1)
Note. Mere drying of a phosphate slime is provided
for elsewhere (see Search Note below). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for mere drying of a phosphate slime |
|
| | |
| 908 | Organic: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 902 in which
the material removed contains a carbon compound, usually
with hydrogen and often with oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or
sulfur.
| | (1)
Note. The organic materials are those that are classifiable
in Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, and
do not include metal carbonates or cyanides. | |
| | |
| 910 | Nonbiodegradable surfactant: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 908 in which
the material resists decomposition and functions as a wetting agent, generally
in cleaning processes.
| | (1)
Note. Nonbiodegradable surfactants are also known
as hard detergents. | |
| | |
| 911 | Cumulative poison: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 902 in which
the material removal is one that tends to accumulate in the body
and becomes toxic upon repeated or continuous exposure or ingestion. |
| | |
| 912 | Heavy metal: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 911 in which
the material removed is a metal with a density greater than four. |
| | |
| 913 | Chromium: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 912 in which
the material removed contains the element of atomic number 24. |
| | |
| 914 | Mercury: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 912 in which
the material removed contains the element of atomic number 80. |
| | |
| 915 | Fluorine containing: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 902 in which
the material removed contains the halogen of atomic number 9. |
| | |
| 916 | Odor (including control or abatement): |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 902 in which
the smell, usually of an offensive type, is removed
or reduced.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 241+ for a process of degassing a liquid in which the
gas may be odorous. |
|
| | |
| 917 | Color: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 902 in which
a liquid is at least partially clarified, i.e., tint
or hue is reduced and the liquid is made more light transmissive.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 745, | for a process which is controlled in response to
sensed turbidity. |
|
| | |
| 918 | MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES: |
| | Collection of disclosures including a novel manipulative
step, not classifiable under collection 600, to
which significance is attached in the success of the intended treatment.
| | (1)
Note. As examples, may be noted, process
in which point of entry of liquid is deemed critical, particular
sequence of operations, orientation of flow of materials (e.g., clockwise, etc.), particular
time of year (e.g., spring) or
relation to ground water table level, etc. | |
| | |
| 919 | Using combined systems by merging parallel diverse waste
systems: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 918 in which
the output of two independent and different water treatment processes
coact to effect a further treatment.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for such processes as (a) the
combining of the effluent of two chemical plants one being acidic
and the other caustic to produce an overall neutral effluent, (b) combining
sludge or solid matter from a slaughter house sewage with the effluent from
an electroplating plant whereby soluble heavy metals are removed
from the effluent and pathogens are killed in the sludge, or (c) an
effluent with a high BOD is merged with an effluent with a high
concentration of chlorine and the BOD is thereby reduced. |
| | (2)
Note. A disclosure of merely discharging the effluent
from several systems into a common stream is not sufficient basis
for placement of a document in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 920, | for a system in which parallel similar systems may
be merged and treated in water steps as a single system. |
|
| | |
| 920 | Using combined systems of sequential local and regional
or municipal sewage systems: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 918 wherein a
generally relatively small system for treatment of sewage from a
single source has an output combined with the output of similar such
systems for further treatment of the combined outputs.
| | (1)
Note. An example of the disclosures of this collection
include the collecting and combining of the effluents from domestic
septic systems and treating the combined effluent in an activated
sludge type plant rather than using individual drain fields. | |
| | |
| 921 | Flow equalization or time controlled stages or cycles: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 918 in which
a process has provision to even surges and lapses in the flow of
liquid being treated, or in which the operation proceeds
according to a schedule based on time or demand on the systems.
| | (1)
Note. Among various examples encompassed in this
collection are disclosures wherein a holding tank may be utilized to
prevent discharge into an over loaded conduit, a rest period
for recovery or regeneration of equipment or parts of a system may
be set to operate in off-peak periods to reduce demand
capacity. | |
| | |
| 922 | Oil spill cleanup (e.g., bacterial, etc.): |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 918 directed
to recovery or removal of petroleum from a body of water or adjacent
shore usually as the result of a mishap during transport or handling
of crude.
| | (1)
Note. These references are concerned with offshore
drilling accidents, discharge of oil from tankers, ship
collisions, etc., and are not concerned
with oily emulsions in industrial sewage such as removal of cutting
oil. |
| | (2)
Note. The indented subclasses will provide for the
majority of the art on oil spill cleanup, but the use of
plants, animals, or micro-organisms is
classifiable in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam
breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension
settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the
USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the
locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and
provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by
a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and
for such processes further including ancillary steps, such
as, decanting, or passing through a separatory
funnel, etc., or (b) processes
in which recovery is intended of both water and another product.
Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include
a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally
claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse
component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple
Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose
of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use
or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. |
|
| | |
| 925 | Using chemical agent: |
| | Collection of disclosures under collection 922 in which
a material is used which reacts chemically to effect the cleanup.
| | (1)
Note. The chemical reaction may involve any constituent
and includes burning, i.e., oxidation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 924, | for an oil spill cleanup using sorption. |
|
| | |
| 926 | Using oxidation ditch (e.g., carousel, etc.): |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to treatment of sewage
in which the water is run through a circular flume or sluice.
| | (1)
Note. The running water appears to increase the dissolved
oxygen and enhance aerobic activity. | |
| | |
| 928 | PAPER MILL WASTE (E.G., WHITE WATER, BLACK
LIQUOR, ETC.) TREATED: |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to the treatment of liquid
by products or effluents from a paper making operation. |
| | |
| 929 | HEMOULTRAFILTRATE VOLUME MEASUREMENT OR CONTROL PROCESSES: |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to the measurement or
control of the volume of hemoultrafiltrate which migrates from blood
through a semipermeable membrane as defined in the Glossary under
semipermeable. |
| | |
| 930 | PAINT DETACKIFYING: |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to the detackification
of paint particles dispersed in water.
| | (1)
Note. The disclosures placed herein generally involve
detackifying oversprayed paint in paint spray booth waste water
to facilitate separation of the paint. | |
| | |
| 931 | ZEBRA MUSSEL MITIGATION OR TREATMENT: |
| | Collection of disclosures directed to apparatus used to
remove or kill a freshwater Eurasian lamellibranch mollusk (Dreissena polymorpha) or directed
to apparatus using a freshwater Eurasian lamellibranch mollusk (Dreissena polymorpha) to improve
or alter water. |
| | |
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions below correspond to abolished subclasses
from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign
Art Collection Schedule of this Class for specific correspondences. [Note: the
titles and definitions for indented art collections include all
the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically
superior]. |
| FOR 100 | Closed circulating systems: |
| | Foreign art collection having apparatus with means
to recirculate a liquid there between. |
| | |
| FOR 101 | Lubrication: |
| | Foreign art collection having systems designed to
lubricate moving parts of a machine. |
| | |
| FOR 102 | Aquarium or swimming pool: |
| | Foreign art collections having systems designed
to accommodate living animals. |
| | |
| FOR 103 | Geographic (e.g., drainage
ditch, septic, pond): |
| | Foreign art collection having apparatus in which
a separator is part of a system installed in the ground or related
to a particular geographic feature, as a lake. |
| | |
| FOR 104 | Ancillary to storage tank: |
| | Foreign art collection having apparatus including
a supply tank for an apparatus or a system having a function external
to the subject matter of this class and purification is incidental
to the storage of the liquid for use in that system or apparatus. |
| | |
| FOR 105 | Utilizing electrical or wave energy (directly
applied to liquid or material being treated): |
| | Foreign art collection for process in which the
liquid is directly subjected to an electric field or current or
to a regular pulsating source of energy (e.g., irradiation, ultrasonic vibration, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. The process
of electrolysis of liquid to generate a treating agent for a process
of this class will be classified here but electrolysis to directly
separate a constituent is classified in Class 205. For example, electrolysis
of a liquid to produce chlorine which kills bacteria in the liquid
would be classified here but removing mercury salts by plating out mercury
would be classified in Class 204. |
| | (2)
Note. The wave energy
must be applied to the liquid and vibrating a filter to clean it
is not classifiable here but in subclass 785. | |
| | |
| FOR 106 | Including geographic feature (e.g., drainage
ditch, septic, pond) (210/747): |
| | This foreign art collection is indented under unnumbered
placeholder 210/600. Process in which a relationship
to or a feature of the terrain is positively recited, other
than mere discharge to the earth or to a body of water.
| | (1)
Note. While septic tanks are normally found to be
underground, the term septic tank is not considered a geographic
feature. |
| | (2)
Note. While discharge to the ground is not a geographic
feature, discharge at a specified depth or in a particular
strata or formation, or in a particular location in a body
of water is considered a geographic feature. |
| | (3)
Note. Included in this subclass is in situ purging
of flowing or still liquid (e.g., drainage
ditch, septic system, pond) wherein the
method of separating or purifying has (a) at least
part of a system installed on natural or modified terrain to convey
rain, snow melt, a river, sewage, well
water or oil, etc. or (b) a
relationship to a particular nonland geographic feature, such
as a lake, ocean, sea, etc. | |
| | |
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CLASS 210,