SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is a generic class for:
(1) Processes for molding, casting, or shaping of nonmetallic
materials to produce articles.
(2) Liquid or melt comminuting of materials other than glass
or metal.
(3) Uniting or compacting of bulk or randomly assembled particles.
(4) Furnace Lining or repair.
(5) Melt shaping in the absence of a mold or shaping surface,
e.g., spheroidizing of particles.
(6) Working or treatment of nonmetallic materials not otherwise
provided for.
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
(1) This is a generic class for processes for molding, casting
or the plastic shaping, not provided for in any other class, of
miscellaneous nonmetallic materials to make or reproduce articles
of a definite shape, or the shaping and embossing of sheets of miscellaneous
nonmetallic materials, not otherwise provided for.
The common property of plasticity renders molding operations
of chief importance in this class.
Where there exists an art class that can properly include all
operations preliminary to a broad molding step, such operations,
unless otherwise specified will be classified in such class. Where
significant molding steps are combined with any other operations,
the patents claiming such combinations, unless otherwise provided
for will be included in this class and cross-referenced into the other
class or classes involved. Note the lines between this class and
other classes as set out below.
Where there is no class which could include such operations,
the entire preparation of the material is included in this class,
but only those are included in which the preliminary operations
are performed for the purpose of preparing the material for molding.
See the search notes below and the references to other classes
for the shaping of specific materials, e.g., paper, sugar, tobacco,
etc.
This class will take processes under the class definition, and
where not otherwise specifically provided for, in which normally
liquid materials are encapsulated. In general, this class will
provide for processes in which the covering, encompassing or encasing
material is formed or shaped from material in a fluent state.
(2) This is the generic class for processes, not elsewhere provided
for, for shaping of material by a comminution or disintegration
thereof from a molten or liquid state, wherein the cohesive nature
of the material, per se, especially in the comminuted state during
solidification thereof influences the shape or configuration of
the discrete particles or elements formed. See subclass 5 and the
notes thereto for the lines with other classes. For liquid comminution
of glass or other vitreous materials and for comminution of liquid
metal, see References to Other Classes, below.
(3) The uniting of bulk assembled particulate material either
autogenously (see specific references to glass particles and metal
particles below) or with added binder or adhesive in a mold or on
a shaping surface are included herein, except those processes in
which the mold constitutes nothing more than a depository and the
particulate material charge is not disclosed to be shaped by said mold
or depository prior to heating but changes its bulk shape only on
fusion or melting to assume the configuration of said depository.
See Lines With Other Classes below, with regard to mold filling
or charging.
This class has been made the generic home for methods of compacting
and briquetting bulk deposited or handled powdered or particulate
matter usually predicated on the production of an interfacial bond
between the individual particles. However, see References to Other Classes
below for classes that take (1) agglomerating from finely divided
solid nonmetallic, inorganic elements, e.g., carbon, wherein no
binder, per se, is employed; (2) compacting by mechanical interlock
such as results from a baling operation; and (3) mechanical forming
of a distilland combined with a thermolytic distilling operation.
This class (264) will accommodate such subject matter only
where the resulting compact tends to hold its shape as the result
of an interfacial bond between adjacent particles of the mass.
Since powder, granules and dust are not characterized by projecting
portions which could facilitate a bonding by mechanical interlock,
a disclosure or claim restricted to such types of particulate material
is regarded as evidence that the product is rendered self-sustaining
by interfacial bonding.
With regard to glass particle uniting, in particular, a patent
reciting placing of glass particles other than glass fibers or mineral
wool in their final position in a mold, followed by autogenous uniting
or sintering or fusion in the configuration or shape imparted by
said mold, will be classified in this class (264) whether or not
said particles are disclosed to maintain their individual identities to
any degree. See References to Other Classes, below, for for processes
including a glass working step as therein defined, and for the line
where glass fibers or mineral wool are placed onto a mold surface
which fibers or mineral wool particles are heated on or subsequent
to contact with the surface to fuse the particles with each other.
4) This class will be considered generic to processes for furnace
lining formation or repair. (See Subclass References to the Current
Class, below.)
5) This class will take shaping of molten materials where
no mold or molding surface, per se, is employed, e. g., spheroidizing
or rounding of particles, see this class, subclass 15 and the notes
thereto.
6) This class will take treatment of nonmetallic materials
not otherwise provided for. See the notes to Lines With Other Classes, "Treatment
of Shaped Articles," and Subclass References to the Current
Class, below. Patents disclosing working, mulling or kneading, per
se, of plastic materials will go to this class except where specific
materials are recited.
Unless otherwise provided for, the recitation in a claim of
a significant molding step will bring a patent to this class. Significant
molding operations include named injection molding, centrifugal
casting, slush casting, casting of fluids on a forming surface to
form a sheet or web, "spinning" into a specifically
named bath as set out below, evaporative or solvent extractive "spinning" and combinations
of two or more broad molding or shaping steps and other combinations
as set out herein.
Such terms as "molding", "casting" (used
generically) "extruding", "sheeting" and "forming" are
considered to be merely broad or nominal operations for purposes
of this class.
The intent must also be considered. If, for example, "extruding" is
for discharging material from a chamber in chunks or gobs rather
than for shaping, this is not enough for this class.
The production of "shapes" merely suitable
for handling or bulk shipping, e.g., "sheets" or "sheeting" of
no particular structure will not be considered significant molding
in a, per se, operation. Also, where articles identified by name
only are produced, a process will not be considered significant
for this class unless there are included limitations and/or
modifications unique to molding or shaping said named article.
This class will take combinations of broad molding plus preliminary
physical or mechanical treatment wherein said treatment is disclosed
to perfect the molding.
Patents reciting physical or mechanical treatment subsequent
to a broad molding step, e.g., extruding or "spinning" plus
stretching, casting with removal of solvent from the cast liquid
and heating subsequent to removal of a molded article from the mold
to complete cure or to vulcanize, will be placed in this class.
Nominal return to ambient temperature is not considered to be an
after treatment or a subsequent treatment within the scope outlined
here.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
GENERAL LINES
A process including a Class 264 molding step, combined with
a separate assembly step, which assembly, if claimed, per se, would
be proper for Class 29, is classified in Class 29.
Processes of forming single-crystals combined with simultaneous
shaping are provided for in Class 117, except for the molding of
non-semiconductor metal materials which are found in Class 164,
subclasses 122.1+, also see Class 117 definitions.
A. LINES WITH THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CLASSES
(As employed in this section, the term "composition" is intended
to include both mixtures of ingredients and compounds, per se, e.g.,
Classes 106, 208, 252, 423, 424, 520, 585, etc.)
1) Patents limited to process claims reciting a broad or nominal
molding step only.
a) Where a composition, per se, is molded and there is no
disclosure as to a chemical reaction being present, the patent will
go to this class (264).
b) Where a chemical reaction, mixing or blending of ingredients
to form a composition of matter is recited to take place in a mold
or during the molding or shaping step, the patent will go to the
composition class, even if temperature and pressure conditions are
set out.
c) Similarly, where a chemical reaction, mixing or blending
of ingredients to form a composition is recited to take place prior
to the nominal shaping or molding step, the patent will go to the
composition class.
2) Patents containing both composition claims and process
claims reciting nominal molding only.
a) Patents containing both claims to a composition and also
claims reciting broad or nominal molding of said composition will
go with the composition class.
b)Patents containing both claims to a composition and claims
reciting broad or nominal molding of said composition wherein there
is a chemical reaction, blending or mixing of ingredients of said
composition during or prior to the molding step, will go to the
composition class, even if temperature or pressure conditions are
set out.
c) Where patents contain both claims to a composition and
claims reciting a nominal or broad molding of said composition,
per se, and there is no disclosure of any chemical reaction taking
place, and specific temperature and/or pressure conditions
are set out, the patent will go to this class (264).
3) When there is doubt that a chemical reaction, mixing or
blending of ingredients takes place, the burden of proof shall rest
with this class.
4) When there is a significant molding step in a claim reciting
a process for preparation of a composition even where a chemical
reaction is set out, the patent will go to this class (264).
5) This class will take patents reciting the "spinning", e.g.,
the extruding of a settable material through a shaping orifice into
a coagulating bath provided said bath is named or described or at
least one ingredient of said bath is set out. Patents claiming only
a specific setting bath composition will be classified herein in
an appropriate subclass according to the disclosed utility thereof, provided
the only disclosed utility for said setting bath composition is
for such a purpose. See the notes and search notes to this class
(264), subclass 78 with regard to incorporation of a dyeing agent
or color producing reactant in the setting bath.
The recitation of "acidic" bath, per se,
will not be considered sufficient but setting out of a particular
pH or pH range of said "acidic" bath will be deemed
significant for this purpose.
6) Where a claim recites treatment, per se, of articles which
involves a chemical reaction, e.g., vulcanization or polymerization
to final cure, and also includes a particular manipulative or handling
step or specific shape retaining or supporting step, the patent
will be placed in this class; see subclasses 236 and 347 of this
class (264) in particular.
7) Where the treatment, per se, of compositions is a working,
kneading or mulling, see the line set out in this class (264) subclass
349.
8) The process of preparing a ceramic or concrete block which
includes mixing ingredients, shaping broadly and removal from molds
of the shaped bodies followed by firing to fuse or sinter the composition
or treatment with steam will go with the appropriate composition,
e.g., Class 106, even though a particular temperature or pressure
nominally applied is recited. However, the recitation of particular
molding conditions or conditions of firing other than temperature
or pressure such as, for example, use of an inert atmosphere, would
place such process in this class (264). Firing a preform in a controlled
atmosphere is appropriate subject matter for this class (264).
Class 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 39+ takes
ceramic compositions, per se, and processes for preparation thereof
including firing at specific temperatures for specific time periods.
However, this class (264) takes processes of firing a preform under
certain conditions, see the line as set out in the notes and search notes
to subclasses 603+ of this class (264).
9) See Class 252, Compositions, subclasses 62.51+ and notes
thereto for magnetic compositions and methods for preparation thereof
which do not include a significant molding step.
10) The line between Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 445+ and this class for processes including
both molding and carbonizing is as follows: (a) where significant
molding occurs prior to a step or steps of carbonizing which make
carbon as provided for in Class 423, the process is placed in Class 423,
subclasses 445+ unless the process is recited to produce
an article of sufficient structure to be classified in a class providing
for the structurally defined article (e.g., 428, etc.) in which
latter case the process is placed in this class (e.g., molding a
fiber with enlarged portions on the ends); and (b) where the molding
takes place after carbonizing the line as set forth above in (1)
to (6) will apply.
B. MOLD CHARGING OR FILLING
In general, the combination of a mold filling step plus a significant
molding step will bring a patent to this class. However, the mere
recitation of filling, per se, of a container or a mold with an
incidentally hardenable or settable fluent material will not be
sufficient to bring a patent into this class, unless the container
or mold is set out to have a particular shape or configuration so
as to impart said shape or configuration to the enclosed material, particularly
when said container or mold is subsequently removed or stripped
from the enclosed material. See the definitions and search notes
of Class 141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, particularly in the Class Definition, section III, (3)
and Class 222, Dispensing, sections 8 and 14.
C. GLASS MANUFACTURING
Other than bonding of glass particulate material under conditions
as set out above in the definitions on particle uniting, any working
of glass type materials in the plastic state including liquid comminuting
thereof, pore forming, reshaping, autogenous bonding of glass particles,
etc., will be classifiable in Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, and
reference is made to the definitions of Class 65 for the line between
this class and Class 65.
In general, the following will apply:
A patent disclosing working or treating of named materials
for both this class and Class 65 will be classified in this class
unless the only claimed species is glass or the only specific example
relates to glass in which case the patent will go to Class 65.
A patent claiming a combined process for this class and Class 65
will be classified in Class 65.
Class 65 will take formation of filaments and fibers from
molten vitreous materials, e.g., glass. However, this class (264)
will take processes directed to formation of filaments from siliceous
materials in solution, e.g., silicates by precipitation from said
solution or evaporation of solvent therefrom.
D. ADHESIVE BONDING
Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
is the residual home for uniting preforms. This class (264) provides
for uniting plural preforms under at least one of the following
circumstances:
1) At least one of the preforms is reduced to a fluent state
in a mold or confined molding space.
2) Joining preforms and simultaneously reshaping the joint
by plastic flow.
3) Preforms are united by bonding material in which:
a) the preforms are spaced apart and fluent bonding material
is thereafter introduced between them, or
b) fluent bonding material is shaped or retained between spaced
preforms by a mold element, or
c) fluent bonding material is shaped and retained between
preforms by a preform and has means to maintain a predetermined
space between the preforms or
d) the preforms are of porous material, e.g., batts, mats or
woven fabric united in a mold and fluent bonding material is used
in quantity sufficient to fill the mold cavity and interstices of
the porous material.
4) This class (264) provides for uniting running length preforms
united in a die under the limitations of A, B, and C above except
that if running length strands or webs are bonded and sheathed in
a die by a coating operation, i.e., the bonding material is applied
at hydrostatic pressure, the method is provided for in Class 156, Adhesive
Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.
5) Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical
Manufacture, provides for: (a) uniting preforms where one preforms
is forced into another preform, as long as both preforms are unaltered
in shape other than that which results from displacement of material
due to the insertion of the preform. (b) stretching or drawing a
self sustaining sheet into contact with a preform body and uniting
the contacting surfaces. (c) all tire building processes which include
a step of "building" or bringing preformed tire
components into assembled relationship.
E. METAL WORKING OR SHAPING
The general line between this class and the metal working
or shaping classes will be as follows;
1) Where the claims recite deformation of materials broadly,
the disclosure setting out both metals and nonmetals, the patent
will go to the appropriate metal working class.
2) Where the claims are limited to deformation of metals only,
the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class.
3) Where the claims are limited to deformation or shaping
of nonmetals only within the class definition, the patent will go
to this class (264).
4) Where there is a claim drawn to a metal and an equally
comprehensive and mutually exclusive claim drawn to a nonmetal only,
the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class.
5) Where deformation of both a metal and a nonmetal are included
in the same claim, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working
class, e.g., Class 29, Metal Working, depending on the claim as
set out, with plural diverse operations generally going to Class
29.
6) Where the claim is broad or nondefinitive as to material,
the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class, as stated
above, and this will include disclosures of deforming: (A) A laminate
of a metal with a nonmetal; (B) A "composite material" such
as a metal - nonmetal article or workpiece except where by disclosure
only the nonmetal component is deformed or shaped.
7) Where a process as set out above and not otherwise coming
to this class is concerned and which involves plural diverse operations,
the patent will go to Class 29 or a successor class except where
subordinate classes could provide for certain diverse operations.
8) Where a patent recites casting or shaping of metal mold
together with the use of said mold in shaping materials, e.g., synthetic
resins, the combination will be considered classifiable in this
class (264).
F. COATING
1) Coating, per se, Processes of coating, per se, are classified
in Class 427, Coating Processes, if not more specifically provided
for elsewhere. Two species of coating, per se, are provided for
in this class (264). (1) Furnace lining formation or repair by
a coating process is provided for in Class 264, subclass 30. (2)
The formation of pipe coating by troweling is provided for in Class
264, appropriate subclasses.
2) Coating and Shaping Distinguished Processes of coating,
per se, may be distinguished from processes of shaping, per se,
by application of the following guides:
a) The claimed process of applying a fluent material to a self-sustaining
body supported by a disclosure that upon setting of the fluent material
the self-sustaining body is to be separated (e.g., stripped) therefrom
to form from said fluent material an article intended for subsequent use,
is considered shaping and not coating. In the absence of any clear
disclosure of separating the process constitutes coating, per se.
A claimed process directed to contacting a base with a fluent material
but supported by a disclosure of both stripping and nonstripping
is originally classified as directed to a process of coating, per
se, and is cross-referenced to this class (264). Contacting a base
with a fluent material combined with the claimed step of stripping
is a shaping process.
b) The process of applying a fluent material to a self-sustaining
base in which the extent of lateral displacement of the fluent material
is determined by a dam or retaining wall is considered shaping and
not coating. The retaining wall may either unite with the fluent
material to form a composite article or may be independent of the
article formed. The application of fluent material to a base uniting
therewith to form a layered article which base is of such configuration
that it could serve as a retaining wall but does not actually so
function, is considered a process of coating and not shaping.
c) The line with regard to shaping a layer of material about
an indefinite length preform as it advances through a shaping orifice
is as follows: Class 264 provides for advancing a preform through
an orifice and simultaneously and positively forcing shaping material through
said orifice so as to shape the material around the preform as it
issues from the orifice. Class 427 provides for drawing a preform
through a coating material and then through a shaping orifice to
shape the coating material adhering to the preform.
d) Where a patent contains a claim for a process, of Class
264 and an equally comprehensive claim of Class 427 the patent shall
be assigned to Class 427 and cross referenced to Class 264.
3) Coating and Shaping Combined.
a) Processes including shaping or molding followed by a significant
coating procedure where the mere fact of molding or shaping a body
is claimed are construed as processes of coating previously shaped
bodies and are classified as processes of coating, per se.
b) Processes of forming pipe coatings combined with troweling
are included in this class (264).
c) See this class (264), subclass 129, Note (1), for a discussion
of shaping and coating combinations not included in a) or b).
4) Coating and Firing Combined Processes including the combination
of firing and coating, regardless of the sequence of the respective
steps, are classified in Class 427.
G. ARTICLES
This class does not take patents having article claims. Specific
articles are classified with the respective arts to which they apply.
Articles of specific configuration or structure produced by methods
of this class, of plastic materials within the class definition,
and of no particular art used or form which would be otherwise classified, e.g.,
stock materials, are provided for in Class 428 Stock Material or
Miscellaneous Articles. Articles of no significant structure, identifiable
otherwise by the chemical structure, identifiable otherwise by the
chemical structure or composition thereof, per se, are classifiable
with the compound or composition. Composite articles produced by
the methods of this class may be analogous in structure to those
produced by coating or laminating procedures and Class 428, Stock
Material or Miscellaneous Articles, is pertinent thereto.
H. TREATMENT OF SHAPED ARTICLES
This class will take miscellaneous treatments, per se, of shaped
nonmetallic articles unless said treatment is otherwise provided
for in a proper functional art class. See this class (264) subclass
340 and the notes and search notes thereto and to the indented subclasses.
I. FOR PROCESSES OF MOLDING OR SHAPING OTHER SPECIFIC ARTICLES
OR MATERIALS IN CLASSES NOT SET OUT ABOVE, MISCELLANEOUS SEARCH
NOTES, AND INDEX TO CLASSES REFERRED TO ABOVE:
See References to Other Classes, below.
J. HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE CONTAINMENT
See References to Other Classes, below.
K. CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES
Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se,
are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations set
forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant
and encapsulate. For example, a clathrate of urea and hydrogen
peroxide is classified in Class 564, subclass 32, urea and an organic
compound in Class 564, subclass 1.5, dextran and iodine in Class 536,
subclass 112, etc. Where a patent does not state that a material
is either a clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made
that the material is either a coated or encapsulated product classified
in Class 428, subclasses 402+.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | see the notes and search notes for classes which provide
for furnaces and furnace lining. |
| 103, | for processes under the class definition which include
a step of twining, braiding, plying or twisting multiple elements
about each other or the step of textile fabric formation. |
| 232+, | 340+ and 349, see the notes for treatment
of nonmetallic materials not otherwise provided for. See particularly
the notes to subclass 349 for patents disclosing working, mulling
or kneading, per se, of plastic materials will go to this class
except where specific materials are recited. |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 12, | Boot and Shoe Making, for the making of shoes from preformed sheets or
blanks and processes of making shoes involving one or more of the
following operations recited broadly; molding, casting, vulcanizing. |
| 19, | Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses 144+ as the generic home for bringing fibers together either
with relation to each other or with some other material. |
| 23, | Chemistry: Analytical and Physical Processes,
subclasses 313+ take agglomerating from finely divided solid nonmetallic,
inorganic elements, e.g., carbon, wherein no binder, per se, is
employed. |
| 26, | Textiles: Cloth Finishing,
subclasses 71+ for apparatus for stretching a running web of natural
or synthetic cloth. |
| 28, | Textiles: Manufacturing,
subclasses 118+ and 121 for making tampons or wads of compacted material. |
| 29, | Metal Working, Lines With Other Classes, "Metal Working
or Shaping," above. |
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for processes of drying of organic and inorganic
plastic materials, per se. Generally the combination of forming
by a Class 264 operation and drying is classified in Class 264 except where
a filament is formed by a spinning operation which is not significantly
claimed and the product dried in a significantly claimed manner,
which operation is provided for in Class 34. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 550+ for a solid fuel consolidation or shaping process
which goes beyond mere molding of a starting composition, especially
subclasses 596+ for a process which includes pressing using
a specified condition or technique. |
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for a process of forming an abrasive tool. |
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), for various molding processes there provided for and see the
notes to
subclass 31 of Class 264 for the line between these classes. |
| 53, | Package Making,
subclasses 452+ for processes of shaping preformed material to
form a receptacle and subsequently filling. This class (264) provides
for processes wherein a cover material, i.e., primary encompassing
or encasing material, is shaped from a material in a fluent or nonpreformed
plastic state preliminarily to or simultaneously with a packaging
operation; where a laminating step, e.g., cut seaming, is included
in any stage of this indicated procedure, the process is provided
for in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.
The formation of cover adjuncts, as defined in that class (53),
by a molding operation is provided for Class 53, subclasses 410+ (in
particular, see subclass 423). |
| 57, | Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining,
subclass 362 for twining and twisting of filaments and fibers,
per se. See Subclass References to the Current Class, above. |
| 62, | Refrigeration, for processes involving solidifying a fluid by cooling
and molding which are peculiar to forming an ice (H2O or CO2) product
and utilizing a liquid as the raw material. See this class,
subclass 604 for other molding processes including a step of
cooling the molded material to below 0°C. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, for liquid comminution of glass or other vitreous
materials, and for processes including a glass working step as therein
defined, and Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class
65 for the line where glass fibers or mineral wool are placed onto
a mold surface which fibers or mineral wool particles are heated
on or subsequent to contact with the surface to fuse the particles with
each other. |
| 69, | Leather Manufactures, for processes of embossing and shaping leather. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 331+ for comminution of liquid metal. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 76, | Metal Tools and Implements, Making,
subclasses 101.1+ for processes which may include a plastic working
step. |
| 79, | Button Making, for processes there provided for which may include
a plastic molding step. |
| 83, | Cutting, for processes of, per se, cutting, severing, or
incising. Cutting of a material with reshaping flow of the material
is provided for in this class (264); although a disclosure of an inherent
flow of material in the act of cutting, is not considered sufficient
shaping for inclusion in this class. See the notes to Class 83, Class
Definition, B, Cutting of green ceramic, earthenware, or cemetitious
preformed material, with or without reshaping the material, is provided
for in this class (264). |
| 100, | Presses,
subclasses 35+ for processes for compressing various materials
there provided for to form compacts of smaller volume. The shaping
of materials to produce articles by molecular flow is generically
in this class (264) where the materials are nonmetallic. Class
100 takes compacting by mechanical interlock, such as a bailing
operation. |
| 100, | Presses,
subclasses 35+ takes compacting by mechanical interlock such as
results from a baling operation. |
| 101, | Printing,
subclasses 17 and 32 for processes for producing characters or
designs by means of printing dies adapted to deform the material. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" section 8. |
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,
subclass 59 for processes directed to be crystallization of sugar
in molds. |
| 131, | Tobacco, appropriate subclasses, for shaping tobacco products and
see especially
subclasses 77+ for processes for molding or otherwise forming
tobacco in the manufacture of cigarettes and cigars. |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Mold
Charging or Filling." |
| 144, | Woodworking,
subclass 358 for processes for impressing, indenting or raising-in-relief
for ornamentation of wood materials, and subclasses 349 and 381
for processes for bending wood. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Adhesive Bonding, above. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous
product by deposition from a liquid suspension and also processes
of fiber liberation. Shaping or reshaping of a fibrous water laid
product which is still wet from the forming operation is provided
for in Class 162, while rewetting a dried product before reshaping
or shaping dry to form a noncommercial product is in Class 264. Processes
wherein destruction of the product of a Class 162 forming operations
are found in Class 264. Chemically liberating, purifying or recovering
fibers followed by a Class 264 shaping operation is found in Class
264. |
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 6 for processes of making mold, generally of sand,
to be used in a metal casting operation and subclasses 47+ for metal
casting operation. Class 164, subclasses 91+ provide for
processes of casting metal around a nonmetallic body. That class
(164) also provides for a Class 264 operation followed by a Class
164 step. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 285+ for processes of cementing a well. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 5+ take mechanical forming of a distilland combined
with a thermolytic distilling operation. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, processes involving an application of electrical
or wave energy to effect a chemical reaction, per se, and also processes
involving electrophoresis. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, see Lines With Other Classes, "Lines With
the Chemical Composition Classes" above. |
| 216, | Etching a Substrate: Processes, Lines With Other Classes, Chemical Manufactures,
Part A, paragraph 2 for detailed line between this Class 264 and
Class 216. |
| 222, | Dispensing, see Lines With Other Classes, "Mold Charging
and Filling" above. |
| 242, | Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, for coiling or uncoiling an elongated material to
or from storage, or for making a definite length article. |
| 249, | Static Molds, appropriate subclasses, for static molding apparatus. |
| 252, | Compositions, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" 9. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" above. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for the method of working and kneading of rubber
or heavy plastic. Such working or kneading combined with shaping
or treating steps is provided for in Class 264. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,
subclasses 72+ for a road making process which may include a molding
step. See Class 264, subclass 31 for the line between Classes 264 and
404. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" above. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 1.11+ , 2+, 40+, and 400+ for
class defined compositions and methods comprising shaped or special
form structures. Also note discussion in the class definition for Class
264 in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" above. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 276+ , 279+, 297, 337, 414, and 512+ for
processes involving the molding or shaping edible material. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Articles." above. |
| 432, | Heating,
subclass 13 for a residual process for the melting, per se,
of solid material. |
| 433, | Dentistry,
subclass 214 for processes for taking impressions in the mouth
which may include a molding step. |
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclasses 81+ for processes for teaching sculpturing there provided
for which may include a molding step. |
| 493, | Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for combined operations in the manufacture of an article
of commerce from paper or other sheet or web material and particularly
subclasses 395+ for bending of a sheet or web without thinning
or thickening flow of the material. |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclasses 300+ for processes of producing high temperature (Tc > 30 K)
superconductors; particularly subclass 401 for shock processing,
subclass 412 for laser ablative removal, subclass 425 for shaping
particulate by spraying, dropping, or slinging of solution, suspension,
or melt; or subclasses 490+ for shaping, consolidating,
or sintering processes. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" above. |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines
With the Chemical Composition Classes" above. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 249+ for the containment of hazardous or toxic waste
by molding or shaping. |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
BATT
A term of art for a web or sheet of material generally formed
by random interfelting of mass deposited discrete fibers or from
tangled or matted filaments, e.g., cotton batting.
BENDING
Distorting or deforming of a workpiece or self sustaining
body by curving or moving a portion thereof through its entire thickness
relative to another portion during which the thickness thereof remains
substantially the same and no significant plastic flow occurs.
CASTING
A process of molding or forming wherein impressions are
made with fluent or molten materials as by pouring into a mold with
hardening or setting of said material in said mold.
EXTRUDANT
A shaped body of material formed by forcing a supply of
said material through a confining orifice whereby the cross-sectional
area of the extruded portion corresponds to the dimensions of the
orifice.
FIBER
A discrete particle, generally bulk or mass handled because
of its small size, wherein the particle has a length considerably
greater than its breadth or cross-sectional diameter.
INDEFINITE LENGTH WORK
A self sustaining body, which because of its relatively large
length is handled at a point intermediate of its ends, and includes
single or one piece bodies formed in a continuous manner.
PREFORM
An article or stock material or bland which is self sustaining
and which may be subjected to a shaping or reshaping operation.
RESHAPING
A process in which a self sustaining body or a preform is
subjected to a deforming, e.g., by plastic flow, bending, stretching,
twisting, corrugating, so as to alter its overall shape.
SPINNING
A molding operation for forming of continuous or indefinite
length articles, generally filaments, by extrusion through an appropriately
sized orifice. Some types of spinning are spinning into a reactive
bath, melt spinning, evaporative spinning or solvent-extractive
spinning.
TREATMENT
A physical, chemical or mechanical step applied to molding
material or an article or preform, (see conditioning).
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 264 subclass .5]](../ps.gif) .5 | SHAPING OR TREATING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (E.G., FISSIONABLE OR
FERTILE, ETC.): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to molding or treating articles having
a composition including a radioactive ingredient.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein for example are fissionable and fertile
ingredients, inclusive of nuclear reactor fuel, breeder or blanket
materials. See the glossary in the definitions of Class 376, Induced Nuclear
Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, for definitions of
these terms. |
| | (2)
Note. See the definitions of this class for the line between
this class and such composition Classes as 106, Compositions: Coating
or Plastic and 252, Compositions. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 235 for a consolidated metal particle composition containing
oxide of an Activide. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 625+ for radioactive compositions and miscellaneous
methods of treating same. |
| 376, | Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems,
and Elements,
subclasses 409+ for nuclear fuel component structures including
radioactive materials; and subclasses 900+ for cross-reference
art collections of particular materials or material shapes for fission
reactors. |
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for powder metallurgy methods
of making nuclear fuel elements or charges. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 5 for coating processes wherein the base or coating
is radioactive. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 411+ for a composite web or sheet characterized merely by
the composition of the layers, in which one of the layers may be
a radioactive material. |
|
| | |
| 1.1 | OPTICAL ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to forming articles capable of producing
an optical effect other than mere transparency or planar reflection.
| | (1)
Note. The effect may be of (a) substantially total divergence,
convergence or internal reflection of light rays passing through
or directed at said articles, or (b) transmitting or reflecting
light rays vibrating in one plane only, e.g., polarized light, said
articles having a desired contour, shape, internal molecular arrangement,
or of a specific composition necessary to bring about said optical effects. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass provides for a process in which a nonoptical
article is molded against an optical article. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 73+, | and 108+, for producing articles having
nacreous or pearlescent surface effects. |
| 322, | for a process of preliminary softening of a workpiece
and then applying heat and/or pressure to the workpiece
to form a curvilinear article which has the shape of a lens. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 37+ for processes within the class definition for lens
making. |
| 359, | Optical: Systems and Elements, appropriate subclasses for optical elements, per
se. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a stock material product or
article having light-transmitting properties; especially
subclass 34 for a product having spaced, gas-enclosing, light-transmissive
sheets sealed at their edges; subclass 38 for an article having
a light-transmissive or translucent mass with an opaque border or
frame; and subclasses 426+ for a nonstructural composite
web or sheet including a layer comprising glass. |
|
| | |
| 1.21 | Nonresinous material only (e.g., ceramic, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes directed to shaping or treating an optical article
which is composed solely of nonresinous material.
| | (1)
Note. The application of a nonresinous coating to an optical
article is not provided for here. Such subject matter is provided
for in subclasses below. |
| | (2)
Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class 520,
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for the distinction between
the terms "resinous" and "nonresinous." |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1.7, | for processes which include the application of a
nonresinous coating to an optical article. |
|
| | |
| 1.23 | Halogen containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.21. Processes wherein the nonresinous material contains a halogen,
atomic numbers 9, 17, 35, 53, and 85 listed on the periodic table.
| | (1)
Note. The halogens are: Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl); Bromine
(Br); Iodine (I); Astatine (At). | |
| | |
| 1.24 | Optical fiber, waveguide, or preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes directed to shaping or treating an optical fiber,
waveguide, or preform.
| | (1)
Note. Optical fibers are considered light guidance systems
that are generally cylindrical in shape. The fibers rely upon modal
transmission to transmit light along their axial length. |
| | (2)
Note. A waveguide is considered a thin dielectric guide film
of high refractive index formed adjacent to a substrate or support
region of lower refractive index. The thin-film relies upon modal
transmission to transmit light along its length. | |
| | |
| 1.25 | Forming connector or coupler (e.g., fiber link, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes including joining at least two optical fibers,
waveguides, or preforms by producing, shaping, or treating an interface
element or producing, shaping, or treating coverings or clads surrounding
the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform joining site.
| | (1)
Note. The interchange of light radiation between optical
fibers or waveguide structures having a mechanical interconnection
(coupler or connector) at the end of or between structures by a
process of this class is properly classified in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Shaping and treating processes including joining or
connecting optical fibers, waveguides, or preforms by fusion (e.g.,
forming optical fiber bundle) are proper for this subclass. Processes
of forming a cable or fiber bundle without fiber or waveguide joining,
connecting, coupling, or fusing are found below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1.28, | for processes of forming cables or fiber bundles. |
|
| | |
| 1.26 | Having lens integral with fiber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.25. Processes wherein the optical product formed has an optical
component which focuses transmitting light waves, joined directly
to at least one light transmitting fiber. |
| | |
| 1.27 | Utilizing plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particle,
or wave energy: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes wherein plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate,
or wave energy is used to treat or shape the optical fiber, waveguide,
or preform.
| | (1)
Note. The wave energy used may be light, sonic, supersonic,
ultrasonic, gamma rays, infrared rays, X-rays, etc. Particulate
energy includes charged particles and atomic emissions, such as alpha
rays, beta rays, and neutrons. |
| | (2)
Note. The energy must be applied as such directly to the
work. Conversion or electrical energy to heat and the application
of the heat to the work is excluded from this subclass and is provided
for in appropriate subclasses below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10, | for processes of comminuting a liquid by electrical
energy. |
| 275+, | for a process of molding wherein magnetic or electrostatic
field or force is utilized to maintain a preform in a selected position
during molding, and see (1) Note above. |
| 405+, | for process including the application of electrical
or wave energy to work in general. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 272.2+ for a laminating process including direct application
of electrical or radiant energy to the work, and see the SEARCH
CLASS notes thereunder. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 5+ for a thermolytic distillation process combined
with a shaping operation in which electrical energy is applied to
the work; and subclass 19 for a thermolytic distillation process
in which electrical energy is applied to the work. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 155+ , 157.15+, and 164 for processes of effecting
a chemical reaction by using electrical or wave energy. The line
stated in the class definition of Class 204, above the definition "Notes" therein,
for claims defining a Class 204 operation combined with an operation
for another class is to be followed for classification of claims
defining both Class 204 and Class 264 operations. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class 522 for a process of preparing
or treating a synthetic resin or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction
brought about by application of wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 1.28 | Forming fiber bundle or cable (e.g., covering, sheath,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes wherein at least two optical fibers or waveguides
are incorporated into an assembly (a) that provides tensile strength
and external protection or (b) are adjacent one another to guide
light collectively.
| | (1)
Note. Extrusion processes involving forming a cable or fiber
bundle are properly classified here. Extrusion processes involving
a single (individual) optical fiber or waveguide are classified
below. |
| | (2)
Note. Processes of forming or treating cables or fiber bundles
wherein optical fibers or waveguides are (a) embedded in a matrix,
(b) placed in separate preformed grooves or cavities, (c) sheathed, or
(d) fastened adjacent one to another are proper for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1.29, | for extrusion processes involving forming coating,
core, or clad for individual (single) optical fibers or waveguides. |
|
| | |
| 1.29 | Extruding (i.e., die): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes wherein the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform
is formed or treated by causing a positive force or pressure to
push glass through a die (e.g., core, clad, or sheath, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Coextrusion processes involving treating or forming
optical fibers, waveguides, or fiber preforms are properly classified
here. | |
| | |
| 1.31 | Light polarizing article or holographic article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes directed to (a) aligning or orienting the molecular
or structural composition of a plastic material to produce an article
or coated article that allows light to pass therethrough in a single
plane or (b) a holographic article, or otherwise testing said article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 108, | for a process of orienting particles in a fluent
matrix material. |
| 288.4+, | and 291+, for processes of stretching to
impart bifringence properties to articles. |
| 437+, | for a process of orienting particles by directly
applying electrical energy to the particles |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 356, | Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 457 for holographic interferometry in general. |
| 359, | Optical Systems and Elements,
subclasses 1+ for holographic systems or elements, per se, subclasses
3+ for particular recording medium, and subclasses 383+ for
polarizers, per se, or use of polarized light. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 1 for a process of making a hologram or the composition
therefor. |
|
| | |
| 1.32 | Lens: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Processes wherein the polarizing article is a lens or a
lens coated with polarizing material.
| | (1)
Note. Treatment by encapsulation of polarizing material is
included in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. The coating material may be responsible for the polarization. | |
| | |
| 1.33 | Optical recording medium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Processes wherein the light polarizing article or holographic
article is used as a medium to record data or information.
| | (1)
Note. An optical recording medium in the form of tape, card,
or disc is included in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. An optical recording medium combined with the capability
of reproducing recorded information or optical memory medium, per
se, is properly classified in this subclass. | |
| | |
| 1.34 | Film or sheet: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Processes wherein the light polarizing article or holographic
article is (a) in the form of a film or sheet or (b) a layered product
having said film or sheet as one of the layers.
| | (1)
Note. For classification in this subclass a sheet or film
will be considered a portion of material of finite length, whose width
is greater than its thickness and which may be of any geometric
shape (e.g., triangle, circle, etc.). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1.33, | for processes wherein the light polarizing or holographic
article in the form of a sheet or film is used as an optical recording
or reproducing medium. |
|
| | |
| 1.35 | Halogen containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.34. Processes wherein a composition of the film or sheet contains
halogen or is coated or treated with a halogen containing material. |
| | |
| 1.36 | Utilizing plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate,
or wave energy: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes wherein plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate,
or wave energy is used to treat or shape the optical article.
| | (1)
Note. The energy used may be light, sonic, supersonic, ultrasonic,
gamma rays, infrared rays, X-rays, etc. Particulate energy includes
charged particles and atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta
rays, and neutrons. The mere use of magnetic force employed to
maintain a preform in a selected position is not provided for here,
for which see subclasses 275+ below. |
| | (2)
Note. The energy must be applied as such directly to the
work. Conversion of electrical energy to heat and the application
of the heat to the work is excluded from this subclass and is provided
for in appropriate subclasses below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10, | for processes of comminuting a liquid by electrical
energy. |
| 275+, | for a process of molding wherein magnetic or electrostatic
field or force is utilized to maintain a preform in a selected position
during molding, and see (1) Note above. |
| 405+, | for process including the application of electrical
or wave energy to work in general. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 272.2+ for a laminating process including direct application
of electrical or radiant energy to the work, and see the SEARCH
CLASS notes thereunder. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 5+ for a thermolytic distillation process combined
with a shaping operation in which electrical energy is applied to
the work; and subclass 19 for a thermolytic distillation process
in which electrical energy is applied to the work. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for processes effecting a
chemical reaction by utilizing electrical or wave energy. The line
stated in the Class 204 definition for claims defining a Class 204
operation combined with an operation for another class is to be
followed for classification of claims defining both Class 204 and
Class 264 operations. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class 522 for a process of preparing
or treating a synthetic resin or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction
brought about by application of wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 1.37 | Laser utilized: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.36. Processes wherein the electromagnetic energy used is laser.
| | (1)
Note. Lasers are considered to be a narrow beam of light
(light amplified by stimulated emissions of radiation). |
| | (2)
Note. Processes wherein a laser measured in the ultraviolet
range are properly classified in this subclass. | |
| | |
| 1.7 | Composite or multiple layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes directed to shaping or treating an optical article
including incorporation of an optical preform into the final optical
article.
| | (1)
Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for molding
a lens in two different sections where the first section has the
second molded against it as well as processes in which the second
section completely covers the first. |
| | (2)
Note. Chemical treatment of an optical preform to alter optical
properties of part of the preform are not provided for herein, and
are found in subclass 2.6. | |
| | |
| 1.8 | Including bifocal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.7. Process directed to forming an optical article having multiple
nonrandom areas of uniform refractive properties which differ from
each other.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for the forming of bifocals
in particular and multifocal lenses in general. | |
| | |
| 2.1 | Rotational molding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes in which rotating motion is imparted to the material
being shaped or to the mold or mold-shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 8, | for formation of particulate material from a liquid
or molten mass by means of centrifugal force. |
| 68, | for rotation to produce frictional heat. |
| 69+, | for processes which pertain to agitating by plural
sequential rotations in reverse directions; however, such patents
should be crossed herein where applicable, depending on the time
of duration of said rotation periods in one direction. |
| 114, | for use of centrifugal force in formation of articles
by uniting of bulk assembled particles. |
| 175, | for processes of forming indefinite length articles
by a calendering operation between endless shaping surfaces, e.g.,
belts or wheels. |
| 176, | for centrifugal spinning of filament or fibers. |
| 270, | for processes of lining a mold cavity employing
centrifugal force. |
| 310, | for processes of rotational molding. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 114+ for processes of centrifugally casting metals. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 425+ for a molding machine utilizing mold motion to
distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold. |
|
| | |
| 2.3 | With mold adherence or release: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2.2. Processes in which materials or conditions are chosen such
that the adherence of the molding material to the mold is facilitated
or a specific method of release of the optical article or the use
of a named release agent is claimed. |
| | |
| 2.4 | Preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2.2. Processes directed to the reshaping of a preform into an
optical article or the treatment of such preform. |
| | |
| 2.5 | Including step of mold making: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes which include the step of producing (a) a shaping
or molding device either as a, per se, operation by a method within
the definitions of this class, or (b) in combination with a step
of employing said shaping or molding device in the production of
a molded product by a process classifiable in this class, in which latter
instance the molding or shaping device may be formed by methods
provided for elsewhere.
| | (1)
Note. Patents reciting merely the application or formation
of mold linings on molding surfaces are not within the scope of
this subclass and are classified on some other bases. |
| | (2)
Note. Patents reciting processes for manufacturing or assembling
molds not specifically provided for herein are classified in various
other classes depending on the specific manufacturing step employed,
e.g., Class 29, Metal Working; Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous
Chemical Manufacture, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31+, | for processes of erecting molds and casting structural
installations in situ. |
| 219+, | for processes not forming an optical article which
involve the step of making the mold used. |
| 337+, | for processes which employ specific mold materials
or specific mold coatings or linings. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 6+ for processes of making molds under the class definition. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 69 and 70 for processes of electroforming printing
plates, molds and the like. |
|
| | |
| 3.1 | EXPLOSIVE OR PROPELLANT ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the material which is shaped or molded
is disclosed to have utility as an explosive or a propellant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 86, | Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,
subclasses 20+ for the loading of fireworks or bursting charges with
explosive or propellant material. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
subclasses 2+ for explosive compositions shapes, nominal container
shapes therefore etc. Also see "SEARCH CLASS",
under subclass 2 of that class for related fields of search for
shaped inflammable compositions. For explosive compositions, per
se, search appropriate subclasses of that class. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 98+ for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase (gels, pastes, flocs,
coagulates) or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing
such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is
no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically
claimed art. |
|
| | |
| 3.5 | By liquid comminuting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Subject matter wherein the particulate material if formed
directly from a liquid state commonly referred to as liquid comminution
and solidification. |
| | |
| 4 | ENCAPSULATING NORMALLY LIQUID MATERIAL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a material which is normally liquid at
ambient temperature and pressure is encapsulated, i.e., packaged
or contained, in shaped discrete receptacles e.g., microspheres.
| | (1)
Note. The classification of a patent reciting the encapsulation
of a core material with no reference to the core being a solid or
liquid, the assumption is made that the core is solid and therefore classified
in Class 427, subclasses 213.3+ as an original with a suggested cross
to this class, subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. This class, subclass 4.1 provides for processes of
producing a composition by way of encapsulating (shaping operation)
a liquid core where elsewhere not provided for. The liquid core
may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. |
| | (3)
Note. A patent reciting a coated or encapsulated material
with claimed utility(ies) is classified with the composition classes.
A similar patent with (a) multiply disclosed utilities or (b) undisclosed utility
is classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+. However,
in the latter two cases (a) and (b) above, when the coating or encapsulating
material stabilizes a compound against physical or chemical degradation,
then classification is appropriate for and subject to the limitations set
forth in one of the compound (element) classes. The order of superiority of
the composition classes are listed below under "SEARCH
CLASS". Those classes with an asterisk are not composition
classes but deemed appropriate for further search. |
| | (4)
Note. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds),
per se, are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations
set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant
and encapsulate. See the main definition for Class 264, section
II, LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection K, CLATHRATES
AND INTERCALATES, for examples. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclass 526 for a dye in specified form other than mere powder. |
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 422 for processes of shaping a container end to encapsulate
material.* |
| 53, | Package Making, appropriate subclasses for encapsulating processes employing
a preformed planar sheet or a tube in package making.* |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for a filler or pigment for a coating composition which
may include size or structure of the constituent particles or fibers
which recitation does not serve to exclude from Class 106. See especially
subclass 21 (invisible inks), 36, 235, 241, 251, 253+,
266, 272, 275, 276, 280, 281+, 400+, 400+, 636,
734, and 816 (coated material) in Class 106. See also V, above
in definition. |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclass 303 for apparatus for spray coating particulate material.* |
| 148, | Metal Treatment,
subclasses 22+ for composition and 31.5 for a coated stock material. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
subclasses 3+ for a coated component. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 81 for melting of a solid material in an airtight
cavity and subclasses 145+ for encapsulating, when combined
with a laminating step. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 252, | Compositions, for miscellaneous compositions having special uses
or functions. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,
subclasses 709+ . |
| 420, | Alloys or Metallic Compositions. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Composition,
subclasses 16+ for coated, impregnated or layered feature. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 5 for apparatus encapsulating normally liquid material
in discrete, simultaneously formed containers.* |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Composition,
and Products,
subclasses 89+ . |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 213.3+ for processes of encapsulating solid core materials.* |
| 428, | Stock Materials or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 320.6 and subclass 321.5 for composite (e.g., layered, etc.)
stock material involving a microencapsulated liquid and subclasses
402.2+ for coated particles or microscopic size. *Not
a composition class. |
| 429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 138 for a microcapsule. |
| 451, | Abrading, especially
subclass 295 for impregnating or coating an abrasive tool. |
| 501, | Compositions, Ceramic, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 60+ and 527.11-527.24. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule
rewiew. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Resins, see, for example, Class 523,
subclass 161 invisible ink composition and subclasses 200+ for
a composition containing product in the form of surface-coating,
impregnated, encapsulated, or surface-modified material. |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, (mixture subclasses). |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 249+ for containment broadly of hazardous or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 4.3 | With treatment subsequent to solid-wall formation (e.g.,
coating, hardening, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein solid-walled microparticles are subjected
to a significant chemical or physical after-treatment, e.g., heating,
formaldenhyde crosslinking, etc., the recitation of "hardening
the formed microcapsule" is sufficient for placement here.
| | (1)
Note. Techniques utilized for merely recovering the microencapsulated
product are not the type of after-treatment considered, e.g., filtering,
precipitating, centrifuging, evaporating, distilling, sieving, etc.
Drying techniques also not considered as after-treatment are spray drying,
freeze drying (lyophilization), drum drying, etc. | |
| | |
| 4.7 | Solid-walled microcapsule formed by in situ polymerization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter wherein the solid-walled microcapsule is
obtained by the polymerization of one or more reactants contained
in the colloidal emulsion or dispersion system.
| | (1)
Note. A patent which claims an in situ-generated polymer
which subsequently reacts with a material, e.g., a crosslinking
agent contained in the liquid core, is not classified here but in
subclass 4.3. | |
| | |
| 5 | FORMATION OF SOLID PARTICULATE MATERIAL DIRECTLY FROM MOLTEN
OR LIQUID MASS (E.G., LIQUID COMMINUTING): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a material in the liquid state is comminuted
to form discrete particles and solidified in its comminuted form.
| | (1)
Note. Where the purpose of the comminution is to effect a
material separation rather than to produce a desired size product,
the patent is not included herein, but will be found in the appropriate
separation class, e.g., Class 159, Concentrating Evaporators, and
Class 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclasses 7+. |
| | (2)
Note. To be classified in this subclass the material must
be subdivided from an original liquid mass and then the subdivided
particles solidified with no substantial change in shape or size.
Thus, precipitation of a powder, etc., from a solution is not provided
for in this class in that an original liquid mass is not comminuted.
Coagulation of droplets formed by comminution can be found in this
or an indented subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. The compound and composition classes are superior to
Class 264 in regard to liquid comminution and solidification unless
otherwise noted where: A. The product is formed and comminution
is recited only broadly, as by name only; B. The reactants are comminuted merely
to enhance a chemical reaction C. The final product size and shape
is not controlled or limited by the size and shape of the comminuted
liquid particles (see (2) Note above) or, D. The product is a stable
colloid or catalyst composition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 1.22 for apparatus and methods for making bullets and
shot usually involving a plurality of metal working operations and
subclasses 4.51+ for the production of metal shreds by
a cutting operation. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclass 74 for processes there provided for of congealing
(freezing) material involving spraying or dripping. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 376+ for processes of glass fiber or filament making;
subclasses 21.1+ for self-supporting particle making from glass
or glasslike materials. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers,
subclasses 64.01+ for other processes of preparing fertilizer commercial
forms and also fertilizer forms as articles of manufacture. |
| 72, | Metal Deforming,
subclasses 253.1+ for metal extruding. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 331+ for production of free metal in particulate form
or production of alloy or metallic composition in particulate form
by comminuting directly from liquid metal. Patents which claim only
a process of comminuting and solidifying a liquid metal to form
discrete particles are classified as originals in Class 75. Patents
in which the claims are broad or nondefinitive as to material and
the disclosure states that materials other than metal are processed
by the invention will go as originals to Class 264. Patents having
claims to forming solid particulate metal and claims to forming
solid particulate nonmetal or patents having generic claims with
a disclosure to forming solid particulate metal and to forming solid
particulate nonmetal will go as originals to Class 264 and a cross-reference
will be placed in Class 75. |
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators,
subclasses 48.1+ for processes of concentrating by spraying. |
| 164, | Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for processes of forming particulate
metallic particles by means of a shaping surface and
subclass 272 for metal revolving or tumbling type shaping apparatus. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclass 192.1 for processes of coating or forming by cathode
sputtering. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 1 through 30for processes of comminuting and disintegrating
solid materials. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 6+ for corresponding apparatus. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 87 for a product with a pile or nap type surface and
including particles, subclasses 143+ for a stock material
product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which has
a textured surface comprising particulate matter, subclasses 323+ for
a composite web or sheet including a component having structurally defined
particles, subclasses 402+ and 570 for structurally defined
or coated particles and subclasses 546+ for metallic stock
comprising metal particles. |
| 516, | Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 1+ for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid system (e.g.,
smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist), subclasses 31+ for colloid
systems of colloid-sized solid or semisolid phase dispersed in primarily organic
continuous liquid phase, subclasses 38+ for colloid systems
of colloid-sized bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase dispersed in
aqueous continuous liquid phase, subclasses 77+ for colloid
systems of colloid-sized solid phase dispersed in aqueous continuous
liquid phase; or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing
such systems or agents; in each instance, when generically claimed
or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC
for the specifically claimed art. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 252+ for solidification of hazardous or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 6 | With subsequent uniting of the particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes wherein the formed discrete particles are mass
or bulk assembled and bonded to each other to form a unitary article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 115+, | for formation or liberation of fibers or particles
from solid materials and uniting thereof. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 228+ for a consolidated metal powder composition. |
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for producing metals or alloys
or metallic compositions in a solid or compact state from powdered or
particulate material with or without heating. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 546+ for metallic stock comprising metal particles. |
|
| | |
| 7 | Coated particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes wherein the comminuted material is coated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 4, | for methods of forming filled capsules. |
| 129+, | for subsequent coating of articles, which have been
formed by a process within the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 212+ for processes of coating particles, flakes, or
granules. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 570 for metal particles coated with another metal. |
|
| | |
| 8 | Utilizing centrifugal force or rotating forming zone: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes wherein the liquid or molten material is comminuted
by means of centrifugal force or a revolving or rotating forming
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 309, | for processes wherein material is flung or sprayed
against a mold surface. |
|
| | |
| 9 | By vibration or agitation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes wherein the particles are formed by agitation
or vibration of the liquid or molten mass to fling or shake off
said particles. |
| | |
| 11 | By impinging plural liquid masses: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes wherein the particles are formed by causing plural
liquid streams to impinge forcibly.
| | (1)
Note. The liquid streams may be of the particle forming material
only or of both particle forming and nonparticle forming materials. |
| | (2)
Note. Turbulent fluid flow type comminuting is considered
agitating for subclass 9 above. | |
| | |
| 12 | By impinging or atomizing with gaseous jet or blast: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes in which the particles are formed by impinging
with or directing a jet or blast of a gas into contact with the
liquid or molten material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for processes of liquid comminuting in which the
material is sprayed, per se, through particle forming orifices by
employing a relatively large pressure head of liquid. |
|
| | |
| 13 | By extrusion spraying or gravity fall through orifice: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes wherein the particles are formed by flowing or
allowing the liquid material to fall through a forming orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 12, | for spraying by impinging a liquid body or stream
with a gas jet. |
| 15, | for processes in which preformed solid particles
are rounded or spheroidized as by passing said particles through
a heated fluid. |
|
| | |
| 14 | Into moving fluid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Processes in which the formed particles pass into or through
a moving fluid medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 180, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length work in which the product is extruded into a liquid bath in
motion. |
|
| | |
| 15 | SPHEROIDIZING OR ROUNDING OF SOLID PARTICLES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to the reshaping of solid, irregular
or nonspherical particulate matter wherein said irregularities are
diminished or the particles are caused to become more spherical
or rounded in shape without loss of material therefrom and by means
other than use of a mold or shaping surface therefor and in which the
individual and separate identities of the particles is maintained.
| | (1)
Note. Patents in this subclass are generally directed to
those processes in which heat is employed to soften the particles so
as to permit the internal cohesive forces of the particles to effect
said reshaping as defined. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | particularly subclasses 13+ for processes
forming particulate material directly from a molten or liquid mass. |
| 109+, | for processes of forming articles by uniting of
nonmetal particles in which the overall configuration of the particles
may be altered in the process. |
| 162, | for surface finishing by abrading. |
| 320+, | for processes of reshaping an article in which a
mold or solid shaping surface is employed. |
| 341, | for processes of treating a solid article in which
the surface is smoothed by solvent polishing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 342 , for spheroidizing or rounding of existing solid metal
particles. Patents having claims to spheroidizing or rounding of
solid metal particles and claims to spheroidizing or rounding of
solid, nonmetal particles or patents having generic claims with
a disclosure to spheroidizing or rounding of solid, metal particles
and to spheroidizing or rounding of solid, nonmetallic particles
will go as originals to Class 264 and a cross-reference will be
placed in Class 75. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 5+ for a thermolytic distillation process including
the step of shaping solid carbonaceous material without using a
mold. |
|
| | |
| 16 | DENTAL SHAPING TYPE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein articles are formed which conform to the
contour of the human mouth or which simulate a tooth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for dental casting processes under
the class definition. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 67 for electroforming methods of producing dentures. |
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclass 54 for dental type molds. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 2 for shaping apparatus utilizing an anatomical body
or portion thereof as a shaping surface. |
| 433, | Dentistry,
subclasses 167+ for prosthodontic methods directed to or including
specific dental steps. |
|
| | |
| 17 | Denture forming: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Processes wherein the article formed includes at least one
tooth and a support conjoint therewith. |
| | |
| 18 | Forming denture base against preformed teeth: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes wherein the support is formed by casting or molding
against preformed teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 259+, | appropriate subclasses indented thereunder for processes
of forming composite articles, per se, in which material is shaped
and united to a preformed self-sustaining body. |
|
| | |
| 19 | Tooth forming: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Processes wherein the article formed by molding or casting
simulates a tooth or portion thereof. |
| | |
| 20 | Shaded layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Processes wherein the tooth or portion thereof is formed
so as to provide a color or tone differential across the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 73+, | and 78, for molding processes of general utility
which include a coloring or dyeing step. |
| 245+, | for processes of general utility forming a multi-colored
composite body. |
|
| | |
| 21 | SHAPING OR TREATING LUMINESCENT MATERIAL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to molding or treating articles having
a composition including a luminescent, phosphorescent, or fluorescent
ingredient.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 301.16 through 310.6for fluorescent or phosphorescent compositions. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 157+ for processes of coating utilizing fluorescent
or phosphorescent coating.
| | (2)
Note. The energy must be applied as such to the work. Conversion of
electrical energy to heat and the application of the heat to the
work is excluded from this subclass and is provided for in appropriate
subclasses below. |
| | (3)
Note. The laser ablation of a Class 264 material in the absence of
an added reactive chemical is proper for Class 264. When a reactive
chemical is used in the laser ablation the subject matter is proper
for etching Class 216. | |
|
| | |
| 28 | WITH STEP OF COOLING TO A TEMPERATURE OF ZERO DEGREES C.
OR BELOW: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include subjecting the molding material
or product to a cooling, freezing or refrigeration step which lowers
the temperature of the material or product to at least O°C
or 32°F.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 237, | and 348, for processes which include a cooling step
which does not cool to product or shaping material to at least 0°C. |
|
| | |
| 29.1 | CARBONIZING TO FORM ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a carbonaceous material is subjected to
a heat treatment in a substantially nonoxidizing atmosphere to produce a
product containing elemental carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 105, | for processes of molding or shaping electroconductive
material, which material contains elemental carbon, at least in
part. |
| 603+, | for firing, sintering or vitrifying operations on
inorganic shaped materials which are not directed to carbonizing the
material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclass 599 for a process of making a consolidated fuel solids
composition which includes a step of carbonizing using a specified
condition or technique. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate subclass, for a process of thermolytic
distillation of carbonaceous material, e.g., coking, etc. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 445+ for elemental carbon, per se, and its manufacturing
processes involving a chemical reaction. For the line between 423
subclasses 445+ and this class concerning combined processes
of molding and carbonizing, see the class definitions of this class,
section II. A. 10). |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 307+ for coating processes including flame contact. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent,
per se, which may be activated carbon. Activated carbon is proper
for Class 502, rather than Class 423. |
|
| | |
| 29.2 | Filaments: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes directed to making articles in which the length
is relatively much greater than the width and thickness. |
| | |
| 29.3 | Agglomeration or accretion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes including the step of tumbling or otherwise agitating
a mass of fine discrete particles to cause adherence of the particles
to one another thereby producing larger sized particles prior to
carbonizing. |
| | |
| 29.6 | CARBONIZING TO FORM ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes wherein one step of carbonization takes place
in a specifically recited atmosphere other than vacuum or air.
| | (1)
Note. The recitations inert, nonoxidizing, or the like shall
be considered sufficient to place the patent in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. One step of carbonizing may occur in an oxidizing atmosphere
as long as the process also includes a step of carbonizing under
nonoxidizing conditions. | |
| | |
| 29.7 | Controlling varying temperature or plural heating steps: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes wherein the carbonizing step is carried out by
(1) varying the temperature over a given time span or by (2) heating
the article to two or more distinct temperatures.
| | (1)
Note. Heating the article to cure binder or dry is not considered
carbonizing unless positively disclosed that such occurs under those
conditions. |
| | (2)
Note. Heating to a temperature to cause a change in crystalline
form of the carbon (e.g., graphitizing) is considered a step of
carbonizing for this subclass. | |
| | |
| 30 | FURNACE LINING FORMATION OR REPAIR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which are directed to (1) maintaining, restoring,
or rebuilding a damaged, defective, or worn furnace lining or (2)
forming an original interior layer on the furnace wall which remains
in place during furnace use.
| | (1)
Note. This is the residual home for furnace lining formation
or repair not elsewhere provided for. In general, however, the
combination of building a furnace and applying a lining to the interior
thereof is classified in the class providing for the particular
method of building the furnace. For classes which provide for furnaces
and furnace lining, see the notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36, | for processes under the class definitions for repairing
or restoring articles, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 402.01+ , especially 402.18 for repairing processes which
include only mechanical assembly and joining operations. |
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclasses 741.1+ and 745.01+ for processes of assembling
or in situ erection of a building involving more than repair by
a process for Class 264. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 27 for processes of repairing apparatus for that class. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 301 for reactive furnace linings. |
| 110, | Furnaces,
subclass 343 for a process of treating solid fuel furnace constituents
to prevent corrosion of the furnace. |
| 122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, appropriate subclass for furnace structures provided
therein under the class definition. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces, particularly
subclasses 144+ for linings. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 94+ for processes of repairing articles by a laminating
process. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 500+ for furnace lining composition or linings defined
only in terms of their composition when the composition is electrically
conductive. |
| 266, | Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclass for metallurgical furnaces, particularly
subclasses 280+ for linings. |
| 373, | Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,
subclasses 137 , 155 and 164. |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclasses for furnaces for carrying
out chemical reactions. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 140+ for restoring or repairing by a coating process. |
| 432, | Heating,
subclass 3 for a residual process of heater operation including
a step of repairing, converting or assembling the heater. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for ceramic compositions, per
se. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523,
subclass 141 for a composition containing a synthetic resin
or natural rubber having utility for a metallurgical furnace or
oven apparatus or to processes of preparing said composition. |
|
| | |
| 31 | FORMING STRUCTURAL INSTALLATIONS IN SITU: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to the formation in situ of an erected
structure or a part thereof.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are only processes for forming those
structures which are not intended to be moved or transported after
the final molding step. For example, forming a prefabricated wall
is not included here but placed in appropriate subclasses below,
while forming a wall or portion thereof in its final intended position
is included here. Forming parts by a molding operation and uniting
in situ by a second molding operation is also included here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | for processes of forming furnace linings in situ. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclasses 745.01+ for particular processes of forming or assembling
an in situ structure. The line between Class 264 and Class 52 is:
Class 52 takes (1) forming in situ erected building structures by
uniting preformed modules, e.g., bricks, cinder blocks, etc., and (2)
other processes involving molding when combined with a building
formation step which is more than a mere perfecting step for the
molding such as (a) forming elements by molding, and joining the
molded elements together, or to another element, by nonmolding means
and (b) uniting a mold form with the surface of the molded body
and permitting the form to remain as a portion of the building construction.
Class 264 takes process of molding, per se, including forming building
structures in situ when such processes include only molding steps.
For example, processes for embedding elements such as reinforcements in
the molded product or molding structural elements and then uniting the
elements by a molding operation are within the scope of this class. |
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclasses 1+ for in situ construction engineering type molds. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,
subclasses 72+ for processes of building roads. The line between Classes
264 and 404, is as follows: Class 404, provides for processes of forming
roads except that Class 264 provides for such road making processes
which include only the steps of molding monolithic uniform composition
structure and/or compacting, treating, stressing or surface
working the material to perfect the molding or curing of the molded
body. |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses for processes of earthworking, e.g.,
digging, filling, etc., combined with molding, especially
subclass 222 for a method of casting a structure in a marine
environment; and subclasses 233+ for a method of casting
a pile or pier in situ. |
|
| | |
| 33 | Repositioning or moving mold to form sequential portions
of a structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in which at least a portion of the mold is removed
from the structure and repositioned and used to form a second portion
of the structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for processes of sequentially molding different
portions of a structure by using different molds. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclasses 20+ for molds for forming a wall progressively. |
|
| | |
| 34 | Sequentially molding in situ different portions or layers
on a unitary structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in which portions of the in situ structure are
formed in sequentially distinct steps.
| | (1)
Note. Incremental as well as diverse molding steps are included
herein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33, | for processes in which the sequential formation
steps are accomplished by repositioning mold parts |
| 250, | and 308, for incremental molding of structures other
than in situ. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclass 15 for mold for forming a facing on product or existing
structure. |
|
| | |
| 35 | Uniting preform member with molding material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in which a preform member or a portion thereof
becomes embedded in or united to the molded material and remains
to form a structural part of the product.
| | (1)
Note. Embedded elements which serve solely as reinforcement
and have no other structural purpose are not considered proper for
this subclass but are placed according to the molding operations. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 271, | for processes of shaping material around a preform
to surround or embed said preform. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), for processes in which structural elements which
make up an exterior portion of the final construction are used to retain
the molding material and remain in place after the molding operation.
Pipes or tubes embedded in the molding material are considered proper
for Class 264. |
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclasses 83+ for molding apparatus for uniting a preform with
fluent material. |
|
| | |
| 36.1 | REPAIRING OR RESTORING CONSUMER USED ARTICLES FOR REUSE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a worn, damaged, or consumer
used article is renewed or reconditioned for reuse in a capacity
similar to that of the original article, without substantially
altering or destroying the overall configuration of the original
article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | for processes for repairing furnace linings. |
| 37.1, | for processes involving reuse
of articles or article forming material in which flash, trim, or
product rejects are recycled and put through an overall mixing and/or
reshaping, and see subclass 37.1 notes thereto. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 152, | Resilient Tires and Wheels,
subclass 367 for devices, e.g., patches
applied to a tire surface for covering a puncture or blowout, wherein
the claims involve a superficial fixing of the tire and do not involve
a substantial removal of the material of the tire to permit rebuilding. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 94 through 97for repairing by a laminating operation; subclasses 701-719
for a delaminating process, per se, and subclasses
918-933 for a delaminating process adapted to specified
products, per se, separating an adhered layer
or portion from another layer at a bonding face while retaining layer
identity. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 153+ for similar subject matter combined with recording
on a restored storage medium element. |
| 401, | Coating Implements With Material Supply,
subclass 50 for a lipstick, crayon, or the
like combined with means to reshape the working end. |
| 427, | Coating Processes, especially
subclasses 140+ for restoring or repairing by a coating operation. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 63 for a product in which a hole or depression has
been patched and subclass 912 (a cross-reference
art collection) for a product having a puncture healing
layer. |
|
| | |
| 36.11 | Articles containing nontextile porous material (e.g., foam,
sponge, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned
contains randomly dispersed pores or voids and contains no textile.
| | (1)
Note. Acceptable for this subclass are composite-structured
articles wherein one article section may be porous while another
article section is nonporous. |
| | (2)
Note. Utilizing putty to repair wooden articles for reuse
is properly classified in this subclass since wood is considered
to be inherently porous. |
| | (3)
Note. Renewal and reconditioning of fabric and cloth material
(e.g., textiles, etc.) are excluded from placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41, | for processes of forming pores or voids. |
| 317, | for processes, generally, which involve the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void. |
| 321, | for processes of reshaping previously foamed material. |
| 413, | for processes of producing or treating a porous
product by direct application of electrical or wave energy. |
| 915, | for recycling of consumer used articles made of
sponge-like, porous, or foamed material. |
|
| | |
| 36.13 | Sound records (e.g., by removing grooves, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes wherein the article which is to be renewed or
reconditioned has sound reproducing grooves on its surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 106, | for forming sound reproducing grooves in an article
utilizing a molding operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclass 37 for sound recording compositions, per se. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 68 for electroforming methods of producing sound records. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 84+ for dynamic recording. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 64.1+ for a disc which does not have sound tracks. |
| 434, | Education and Demonstration,
subclass 318 for visual and audio education and demonstration
wherein the audio is recorded on a disk. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523,
subclass 174 for a composition containing a synthetic resin
or natural rubber having utility as a phonograph record molding
composition or to processes of preparing said composition. |
|
| | |
| 36.14 | Toroidal shapes (e.g., resilient tires, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned
is toroidal in shape (i.e., doughnut shaped).
| | (1)
Note. A toroidal shape is comprised of a figure having a surface
generated when rotated about an axis lying in the same plane therewith,
but not intersecting or containing, an axis in its own plane. |
| | (2)
Note. The majority of the art in this subclass relates to
processes for repairing or restoring vehicle tires, but the subclass
is not so limited. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 911, | for recycling of toroidal shaped consumer used articles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 81, | Tools,
subclasses 15.2+ , 15.3, and 15.4 for portable tools used in repairing
resilient vehicle tires. |
| 152, | Resilient Tires and Wheels,
subclass 367 for devices, e.g., patches applied to a tire surface
for covering a puncture or blowout, wherein the claims involve a
superficial fixing of the tire and do not involve a substantial removal
of the material of the tire to permit rebuilding. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 94+ , for processes which are (a) combined with the
step of recovering material utilized in a previous laminating procedure
and/or (b) directed to restoring or rebuilding a damaged
or defective article or material by a laminating procedure. |
|
| | |
| 36.15 | Hollow- or container-type articles (e.g., vase, pipes,
cups, tubes, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned
has an intentionally constructed nonrandom void or opening therethrough
or has a nonrandom inner or concave surface or cavity.
| | (1)
Note. The mere presence of a chip or crack in an article is
not considered sufficient to render the article hollow for the purposes
of this subclass, unless the overall macrostructure of the entire
article meets this subclass definition. See search notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36.18, | for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in articles
containing inorganic material for reuse, especially subclass 36.21
for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in nonhollow or noncontainer-
type glass articles. |
| 36.22, | for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in articles
containing polymeric material or treating cracks or chips in nonhollow
or noncontainer-type articles of polymeric material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits, especially
subclass 97 for processes and apparatus for repairing leaks
in pipes and hose for reuse when no molding step is present. |
| 206, | Special Receptacle or Package, appropriate subclasses for special use receptacle,
container, or package. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 11 for apparatus used to repair or restore an article
for reuse. |
|
| | |
| 36.16 | Pipes or tubes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.15. Processes, wherein the article to be reconditioned or renewed
is a self supporting open ended hollow conduit (e.g., hose, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Repairing or reconditioning pipe joints utilizing a
molding operation is properly classified here. |
| | (2)
Note. Repairing or reconditioning of concrete or hydro-set
pipes or tubes is properly classified as original in this subclass
with crosses below as deemed suitable. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 97+ for repairing pipes, tubes and hose not otherwise
classifiable. |
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclasses 83+ , particularly subclass 90 for molds for repairing
leaks in pipes. |
| 405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 154.1 for subterranean or submarine pipe or cable laying, retrieving,
manipulating, or treating; and subclass 188 for an apparatus or method
for enabling personnel to work on a section of submerged pipeline. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 11+ for a product or preform repair or restoring means
comprising a molding apparatus for shaping or reshaping nonmetals. |
|
| | |
| 36.18 | Inorganic material containing articles (e.g., plaster board,
ceramic, fiberglass, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned
contains inorganic material.
| | (1)
Note. Processes of repairing or restoring an article containing
inorganic material, as well as organic material present as bonding
agents, solvents, fillers, etc., are properly classified herein. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, note 34, for the distinction between the terms "organic" and "inorganic". |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 136+ for coating inorganic material containing road
surfaces. |
|
| | |
| 36.2 | Hydro-set material (e.g., cement, concrete, plaster board,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.18. Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned
contains or is treated with an aqueous fluent inorganic composition
that solidifies (e.g.,cures, sets, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Processes of repairing or restoring an article containing
inorganic hydro-settable material, as well as organic material present
as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., are properly classified herein. | |
| | |
| 36.21 | By shaping nonglass material to repair damaged glass: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.18. Processes wherein a material other than glass is shaped
to renew or recondition the damaged glass.
| | (1)
Note. The use of a plastic material which is injected into
a crack in a damaged glass windshield is proper for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, for repairing of glass articles or combinations
of glass working or glass making combined with a Class 264 operation. |
|
| | |
| 36.22 | By polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing (e.g., hardening,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes wherein the reconditioning or renewing of the
article includes a polymerization, cross-linking, curing, or hardening
operation.
| | (1)
Note. Claimed subject matter which includes one of the terms
in the following list is properly classified herein: a. cross-linking
b. curing c. addition polymerization d. condensation polymerization
e. block or graft polymerization f. hardening This list is not
intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples. | |
| | |
| 37.1 | RECYCLING OF RECLAIMED OR PURIFIED PROCESS MATERIAL (NOT RECYCLED
CONSUMER USED ARTICLES): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which process materials (e.g., flash, trim,
defective products, molding materials from which products are formed, treating
materials utilized in the molding process, etc.) which were previously
employed in a molding operation, whether from batch or continuous
process, are recycled or reused in the same or a different molding
operation.
| | (1)
Note. Recycling of consumer used articles (e.g., scrap articles
or worn materials, used tires, materials employed in commerce, etc.)
or articles intended for consumer use are not considered proper under
this subclass. However, recycling of defective or improperly molded
articles (e.g., virgin material, etc.) will be considered proper
for this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Merely recycling reclaimed "as is" process
material as hereinabove set forth is sufficient for placement in
this subclass. It is not essential
that a step of purification, reclamation, or separation of the desired
process material be present for a process to be proper for this subclass.
Thus, recycling of a desired polymeric process material does not require separation from a solvent
thereof to be proper in this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. Recycling of heat exchange agents, per se, that directly contact shaped articles or process
materials is considered proper under this subclass. However, recycling
of heat exchange agents that do not directly contact shaped
articles or process materials (e.g., cycling of liquid coolant through
hollow mold walls, etc.) are not proper for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 169+, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles including the step of preventing equipment fouling
accumulations or deposits. |
| 179, | for processes of purifying or replenishing a liquid
bath for receiving extruded material. |
| 195, | for processes of chemically treating viscose articles
which may include removal of contaminants therefrom. |
| 340, | for processes within the class definition for treating
preformed, shaped, or solid articles. |
| 349, | for processes within the class definition which
relate to mixing, kneading or mulling of materials. |
| 910+, | for processes which involve recycling consumer used
articles or products. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclass 25 for conversion of waste by heat to products which
include a solid carbon char. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class 521,
subclasses 40+ for processes of reclaiming a synthetic resin. |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,
subclasses 240+ for a process wherein refuse is converted to a mixture
of hydrocarbons, usually for use as a fuel. |
|
| | |
| 37.11 | Vaporizing to recycle liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes wherein a liquid process material is recycled
or recovered by changing to a gaseous state and back to a reusable
liquid state.
| | (1)
Note. A liquid is considered to be a state of matter which
exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency
to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility. |
| | (2)
Note. A gas is considered to have a very low density and viscosity,
relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure
and temperature, and to be readily diffusive, with a tendency to
expand indefinitely, with molecules in free movement. |
| | (3)
Note. Liquid process materials found here are vaporized,
condensed, and reused in a molding process. | |
| | |
| 37.14 | Of gaseous process material (e.g., cooling gas, blowing
gas, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes wherein the reclaimed or process material is a
gas, (e.g., vapor, cloud, fog, haze, or mist, etc.) under standard
conditions.
| | (1)
Note. A gas is considered to have a very low density and viscosity,
relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure
and temperature, to be readily diffusive, with a tendency to expand
indefinitely, with molecules in free movement. | |
| | |
| 37.16 | Of blow molding gas: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14. Processes wherein the gaseous material is from a blow molding
process.
| | (1)
Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive
or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or
gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration. | |
| | |
| 37.18 | Of liquid process material (e.g., suspensions, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material
is liquid.
| | (1)
Note. A liquid is considered to be a state of matter which
exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency
to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility. | |
| | |
| 37.24 | With filtration: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.2. Processes wherein a step is included which involves utilizing
a filtering apparatus which is used to separate a recyclable liquid
process material (e.g., using filters, screens, sieves, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. A filter is considered to be an article or mass of material
made of closely spaced or intimately arranged intermeshed or unconnected
fibers, elements, strands, or particles that collectively act as
a barrier to physically retain at least one constituent of a fluid mixture
on its surfaces or in the spaces between the fibers, elements, strands,
or particles while permitting passage of the remaining constituents. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes of separating solids from liquids,
per se. |
|
| | |
| 37.25 | Into blow molding process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18. Processes wherein the reclaimed liquid process material
is recycled into or is reused in a blow molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive
or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or
gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration. | |
| | |
| 37.26 | Into extrusion molding process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18. Processes wherein the reclaimed
liquid process material is recycled into or is reused in an extrusion
molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation wherein
an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of the article
forming material through a confining and shaping orifice. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 37.2, | for reclaiming an extrudant-receiving liquid process
material. |
|
| | |
| 37.27 | Into injection molding process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18. Processes wherein the reclaimed liquid process material
is recycled into or is reused in an injection molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Injection molding is considered an operation wherein
pressure is applied to a molding material so as to force said material
from a source removed from a closed mold cavity into said cavity wherein
the material assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity. | |
| | |
| 37.28 | Of excess fiber or filament: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material
is in the form of surplus fiber or filament.
| | (1)
Note. A fiber or filament is generally considered a relatively
slender, flexible element of macroscopic size having a length substantially
greater than its width. | |
| | |
| 37.29 | Of excess solid particulate (e.g., dust, powder, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material
is surplus small bits of matter having definite shape, relatively
great density, low internal heat content, and great cohesion of its
molecules, which typically can be poured like a fluid when handled
(e.g., granule, bead, powder, pellet, flake, particle, granulate,
grain, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Solid particulates generally are distinguished from
filamentary particles in that their shape and length-to-diameter
ratio are such that in the dry state the particulates will not hold
together as a massive article without the application of pressure
or heat. | |
| | |
| 37.31 | Into blow molding process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3. Processes wherein the reclaimed surplus process material
is recycled or is reused in a blow molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive
or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or
gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration. | |
| | |
| 37.32 | Into extrusion molding process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3. Processes wherein the reclaimed
surplus process material is recycled or is reused in an extrusion
molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation wherein
an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of the article
forming material through a confining and shaping orifice. | |
| | |
| 37.33 | Into injection molding process: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3. Processes wherein the reclaimed
surplus process material is recycled or is reused in an injection
molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Injection molding is considered an operation wherein
pressure is applied to a molding material so as to force said material
from a source removed from a closed mold cavity into said cavity wherein
the material assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity. | |
| | |
| 39 | WITH STEP OF CLEANING, POLISHING, OR PRECONDITIONING APPARATUS
FOR USE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include a step of cleaning or polishing
or otherwise mechanically or physically treating the apparatus or
a working surface thereof in order to restore, maintain or bring
said apparatus to a desired or necessary operating condition.
| | (1)
Note. Preheating a mold or maintaining a mold at a temperature
sufficiently high to shape thermoplastic material is deemed to be
a common expedient in the art and patents reciting these steps will be
classified on other steps. |
| | (2)
Note. Included herein are patents reciting a step of precooling
a mold to return it to operating temperature and the use of intermittently
applied purging compositions as well as physical and solvent removal
of contaminants, incrustations and/or surfaces of molds,
per se. |
| | (3)
Note. The use of mold lubricants applied, per se, or incorporated
in the molding composition is provided for elsewhere, see the search
notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 28, | for processes including the step of cooling to 32°F
or O°C. |
| 85, | for processes which include the step of flushing
of a mold with an inert (nonsolvent) liquid. |
| 169+, | for processes which include the step of preventing
equipment fouling accumulations and deposits in formation of continuous
or indefinite length articles, which may include e.g., addition of
an ingredient to spinning composition or bath or spinnerette of
a particular structure or composition. |
| 300, | for casting, molding or die shaping, per se, in
which a lubricant or release agent is incorporated directly into
the molding composition. |
| 327, | for processes including the step of differential
heating or cooling in the mold. |
| 338, | for processes which recite employment of specific
mold coatings or linings which may be disclosed to be lubricants
or antistick agents. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 27 for processes including cleaning of apparatus employed
in glass working. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for cleaning of a mold, per
se. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 199+ for processes in papermakng which include an apparatus
conditioning or preparing step. |
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 121 for preconditioning processes for metal casting
apparatus and subclass 158 for apparatus of that class with cleaning means. |
|
| | |
| 40.1 | WITH MEASURING, TESTING, OR INSPECTING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes include the step of sampling, audibly or chemically
testing or inspecting, or otherwise physically or mechanically determining
some variable condition in a shaped article, molding material, the
mold or shaping surface.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are processes for determining imperfections
or for determining completeness of a reaction or manipulation as
well as determinations of undesired variations which activate correction
mechanisms. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures of pressures
or proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and are classified
with the disclosed process on some other basis. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 407 for processes including a step of testing or indicating
combined with mechanical manufacture. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for testing, per se. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 49 and 198 for processes of testing or inspecting
combined with a paper making operation. |
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 79 for metal casting operations employing a pore producing
agent. |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclasses 1+ for processes of chemical testing. |
|
| | |
| 41 | PORE FORMING IN SITU (E.G., FOAMING, ETC.): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes including the step of forming pores or voids in
an article or material, said pore forming being effected internally
by occluding or incorporating void forming or void producing elements
or ingredients randomly throughout the plastic article forming material.
| | (1)
Note. Where particulate material is united leaving spaces
between the individual particles, the patent does not go here, but
to subclass 109. |
| | (2)
Note. Processes wherein an article or material is mechanically
performed to form voids are provided for in subclass 138. |
| | (3)
Note. Pore forming when not combined with significant molding
is provided for in various classes and the general lines between
those classes and Class 264 is followed even though the step of
forming pores is recited. |
| | (4)
Note. Included within the scope of this and indented subclasses
is enlarging voids already present in a material by expanding gases
contained therein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 317, | for processes generally which involves the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void. |
| 321, | for processes of reshaping previously foamed material. |
| 610, | for burning, vaporization, or melting of embedded
element or core to form a nonrandom void during firing of an inorganic
shaped article or preform. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 296 for pore forming in abrasive materials. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 122 , 601+ and 672+ for pore forming,
per se, in compositions within the definitions of the class. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 77+ for a pore forming step in combination with a laminating
operation. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 101 for a pore forming step within the class definition. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 3+ for a step of gas incorporation in mixing mortar. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclasses 39 and 80+ for pore-forming ceramic compositions. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 50+ for pore forming, per se, in a synthetic resin
or natural resin composition. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 255 for the forming of pores or voids in the production
of a material containing hazardous or toxic waste for purposes of
containment. |
|
| | |
| 42 | Of inorganic materials: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the material that is foamed is inorganic
in nature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 332, | and 333, for general processes for molding inorganic
materials employing heat or pressure. |
|
| | |
| 43 | Including vitrification or firing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes wherein the inorganic material is heated to a
sintering or fusion temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 603+, | for vitrifying or sintering processes of shaped
bodies. |
|
| | |
| 44 | Burning out components to form pores: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes wherein the pores are formed by burning out an
entrained combustible material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 610, | for processes directed to firing, sintering or vitrifying
in which an embedded part is burned out to leave a void. |
| 656+, | wherein a binder is used to hold together particulate
material prior to firing and which is removed during firing. |
|
| | |
| 45.2 | Utilizing inflatable or expandable mold part or mold, per
se: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes wherein a mold part is inflatable or expandable,
or an inflatable form is used as a base on which foaming material
solidifies.
| | (1)
Note. Generally the inflatable or expandable feature is to
facilitate insertion or removal of a plural layered of multipart
article which is formed in a mold. | |
| | |
| 45.5 | Autogenously formed surface layer or base supplies surface
(e.g., skin forming, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes wherein: (1) The surface of a preformed material
is treated so as to form a foam or, (2) Wherein a foam from a single
foamable material is formed and the density of the foam at its exterior
surface is different from the density of the foam in the interior
thereof.
| | (1)
Note. Processes involving the preparation of different density
foams found herein generally involve the collapsing or prevention
of the expansion of foaming material in a closed mold. | |
| | |
| 45.8 | Forming indefinite length continuous work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes wherein a continuous, running or indefinite length
body is formed by an uninterrupted molding step or a sequential
series of steps is preformed in a continuous manner.
| | (1)
Note. The final article produced need not be of indefinite
length, as for example, wherein the continuous, running or indefinite
length body is cut into predetermined length pieces. |
| | (2)
Note. Extrusion is generally assumed to produce an indefinite
length product. | |
| | |
| 46.2 | Between at least two moving surfaces: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45.8. Processes wherein a foam is shaped by two moving surfaces.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are, for example, belts, rolls, or
between a calender and a roll or a roll and a flat moving surface, etc. | |
| | |
| 46.3 | With roller applied pressure : |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46.2. Processes wherein shaping takes place between a pair of
coating continuously moving surfaces and at least one of the surfaces
is generally cylindrical and revolves about the longitudinal axis
of the cylinder with rolling motion relative to the material shaped.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein, for example, is shaping between a
pair of rolls, a roll and an endless belt or by a calender. | |
| | |
| 46.4 | Shaping material and uniting to a preform or solidified
layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes in which a molding material remains united with
a preform or solidified layer to constitute a composite article,
one of whose layers is porous.
| | (1)
Note. Solidified layer includes any collection of material
given form by a shape defining means and possessing at least a minimal
degree of cohesiveness, for example, layers formed by slush molding,
spraying or layup on a mold or more generally any material that
would be a preform, but for the fact that it remains in the mold
in which it is formed. | |
| | |
| 46.5 | Uniting spaced preforms or solidified layers by introducing
foamable material therebetween: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes wherein two distinct preformed bodies or solidified
layers with opposing surfaces are positioned in a spaced relationship
with each other and a porous material at least partially fills the
space between them, said porous material acting to unite the preforms
or solidified layers and being contained at least in part by said
preforms or solidified layers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 45.8+, | for uniting spaced preforms where the preforms are
of indefinite length. |
|
| | |
| 46.6 | Against inner surface of a hollow preform or solidified
layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4. Processes wherein foam material is deposited in a recess
or cavity in a preform or solidified layers such that the preform
or solidified layer forms the surface of a fully or partially foam filled
article.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes filling hollow articles with
foam and making foam filled or plugged articles. | |
| | |
| 46.7 | Utilizing metal part or reinforcement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4. Processes wherein a metal part or a material which lends
strength or rigidity to the final article is covered with foam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 46.5, | for panels with reinforcement provided by the surface
layer. |
|
| | |
| 48 | Including surface treatment of porous body: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the exterior or outside surface of a porous
body is subjected to a chemical or physical treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | and 340+, for processes of treating nonporous
bodies. |
|
| | |
| 49 | By treating occluded solids: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes in which the voids are formed by subjecting embedded
solids to a treatment which changes the physical dimension or state of
the solids and causes the space the solids previously occupied to
be left as voids.
| | (1)
Note. If the occluded solid is removed by changing it to
a gas the process is here if the void is produced by the solid, rather
than by the expansion of the gas. See subclass 51 for processes
in which a generated gas forms the voids. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 51+, | for processes in which embedded solids are changed
to a gas and the expanding gas creates voids and see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 50 | By mechanically introducing gas into material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes in which a pore forming gas is introduced or forced
by mechanical means into a plastic material before the molding and
solidification operation.
| | (1)
Note. Operations including shaping and solidification of
a froth, per se, with no pore forming steps are classified below on
manipulative molding steps and cross-referenced here when pertinent. | |
| | |
| 52 | Utilizing expansion retarder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes wherein the expansion of the porous material is
inhibited by the presence of a chemical or mechanical means other
than mere confines of the mold, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 55, | for controlling expansion by volumetric mold capacity
changes. |
|
| | |
| 53 | Liquid to gas phase change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in which the voids are formed by a liquid to gas
change of state, i.e., vaporization of a liquid incorporated into
the molding material. |
| | |
| 54 | Chemical blowing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in which the voids are formed by the generation
of gas by a chemical reaction of gas producing reactants or agents
incorporated in the molding material. |
| | |
| 55 | Plural or incremental expansion steps: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Processes in which the chemical blowing to produce the pores
is effected in two or more stages or in which the expansion takes
place by means of varying expansion space.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 52, | for incremental expansion by means of an expansion
retarder. |
|
| | |
| 68 | INCLUDING STEP OF GENERATING HEAT BY FRICTION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes where heat is produced by moving contact between
surfaces of plural bodies.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 73 for processes of friction welding to unite or laminate
plural bodies. |
| 228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclasses 112+ for a process of welding metals by friction. |
|
| | |
| 69 | TREATMENT OF MATERIAL BY VIBRATING, JARRING, OR AGITATING DURING
SHAPING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include the step of applying or effecting
an oscillation or to and fro movement to the article forming material
in a mold, or to the molding surface, or applying a sudden impact
to the mold.
| | (1)
Note. For agglomerating of particles by agitating or tumbling,
see this class, subclass 117 and the notes thereto. |
| | (2)
Note. Tamping, per se, is considered a form of pressure application
only and is excluded from this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. Processes including a sliding movement between a reciprocating
mold and a concrete surface to give a trowelling effect are included
herein. |
| | (4)
Note. Patents claiming "rapid" or "high frequency" vibration,
per se, with no disclosure as to the particular frequencies employed
will be placed herein. To complete a search, however, see this class
subclasses 442+ and the definition and notes thereto,
and see (3) Note above with reference to the use of sonic or supersonic
wave energy in the process. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for formation of particulate material from a molten
or liquid mass by vibration or agitation. |
| 117, | and see (1) Note above. |
| 442+, | and see (4) Note, above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 71.1 and 477 of vibratorially treating metal casting
material. |
|
| | |
| 70 | Continuously formed or indefinite length article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes wherein the treated article is one formed in a
continuous manner or is of a running or indefinite length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 165+, | for processes, per se, of forming continuous or
indefinite length articles. |
|
| | |
| 72 | Diverse, sequential, or modulated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes wherein said mold vibration or reciprocation is
discontinuous; of varying intensity or the vibrations are of different
character, one from the other. |
| | |
| 73 | RANDOM VARIEGATED COLORING DURING MOLDING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a random, haphazard coloring effect is
obtained as a result of and during a shaping operation.
| | (1)
Note. The color pattern of the product produced by this subclass
is random usually because at least one of the components is rendered
fluent by the shaping operation and there is random or uncontrolled
flow of the coloring agent. Processes in which controlled pattern multicolored
articles are made by compositing or molding plural materials may be
found in subclasses 245+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for processes including a dyeing step or the incorporation
of dye susceptible material. |
| 245+, | and see (1) Note above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for compositions resembling marble by reason of
the mere mixing of named ingredients. |
| 118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 402+ for apparatus for applying a marbled coating by
means of a floating film of coating material. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 63 for processes of manually arranging differently
colored or shaped discrete elements to form a design. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 256+ for processes of forming nonuniform coatings. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product in
the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which may have
a random variegated color, especially
subclasses 141+ for a textured or rough surface of variegated color. |
|
| | |
| 74 | Of surface portion only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes wherein the variegated coloring occurs only in
the surface portion of the article; i.e., does not extend entirely
through the article. |
| | |
| 75 | By extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes wherein the variegated coloring is produced by
forcing differently colored materials through a shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 176+, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping orifice. |
| 323, | for processes of extruding finite articles, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 76 | By calendering: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes wherein the variegated coloring is produced by
sheeting differently colored materials between coacting rollers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 175, | for processes of forming a continuous or running
length article, per se, by a calendering operation. |
|
| | |
| 77 | By compression in a closed mold cavity: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes wherein the molding operation which produces the
random variegated coloring effect involves the application of pressure to
the differently colored materials in a confined space. |
| | |
| 78 | WITH INCORPORATING DYE SUSCEPTIBLE MATERIAL OR DYEING WORKPIECE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include the
step of (1) dyeing an article or workpiece or (2) incorporating
a dye susceptible ingredient in the molding material.
| | (1)
Note. The dye susceptible ingredient incorporated into the
molding material is not in itself a colored ingredient or a dye, per
se, but is capable of subsequent treatment or reaction to form a
colored body, (e.g., vat or leuco dyes, mordants, etc.). |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass includes processes in which a dye susceptible
material is incorporated into a spinning solution which is then
spun or extruded into a coagulating bath which contains a reactant
for the dye susceptible material to produce the color, even if the
reactant is the only specific ingredient of the bath which is named. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 73+, | for processes in which a random variegated effect
is achieved during the molding or shaping operation. |
| 132, | for processes including the step of applying an
indicia or design to the shaped article. |
| 245+, | for producing composite structure with multicolored
surface. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, particularly
subclasses 154 , 489 and 497 and see the notes and search notes
thereto. See also the main definitions to this Class 264, section
II, A 2. For weighting or mordanting of materials classified therein,
see Class 8, subclass 443. Processes which include a nominal or broadly
recited molding step combined with the step of dyeing the formed
or coagulated filament are provided for in Class 8. |
|
| | |
| 79 | WITH APPLICATION OR BARRIER FOR VOLATILE COMPONENT MATERIAL
TO MOLDED ARTICLE SURFACE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein the escape of a volatile component of
a molded article composition through the surface of the article
is prevented, minimized or slowed by the application of a relatively
impermeable layer to said surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129+, | for processes including the step of coating the
formed article which coating may act inherently to perform various
functions. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 90 for use of a barrier layer to prevent migration
or bleeding between laminae. |
|
| | |
| 80 | FLAME CONTACT OR RESHAPING BY HEAT DECOMPOSITION OF WORK: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein at least a portion of a preform is (1)
subjected to direct contact by an open flame or (2) contacted by
a heat which chemically decomposes a surface portion to shape the
preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 29, | for processes including a carbonizing step. |
| 234+, | for processes including subsequent temperature changes. |
| 345+, | for processes directed to treating shaped or solid
articles by a temperature change. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclass 140 for processes of singeing or carbonizing of textiles. |
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 423 for processes including discarding or destroying
of material. |
| 125, | Stone Working,
subclass 1 for flame cutting of stone-like materials. |
| 144, | Woodworking,
subclasses 329+ for flame treatment of wood. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 82 for flame treatment combined with a laminating
step. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 223+ for coating processes including flame contact. |
|
| | |
| 81 | GAS OR VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ARTICLE FORMING MATERIAL ONTO MOLD
SURFACE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein material employed in forming an article
is applied to a shaping surface in a gaseous or vapor state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129+, | for vapor depositing a coating on a surface of an
article out of a mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 46 for metal deposition processes projecting vapor
onto a shaping surface. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 248.1+ for processes of coating with vapor, gas or smoke. |
|
| | |
| 82 | REACTIVE GAS OR VAPOR TREATMENT OF WORK: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which a workpiece or molding material is subjected
to treatment with an applied gas or vapor, which gas or vapor reacts chemically
with at least the surface of the workpiece.
| | (1)
Note. Processes in which steam generated by heating wet concrete
would not bring a patent here. To be placed in this subclass steam
or vapor must be added from an external source or be created from
water other than that in the concrete. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 85, | for processes utilizing an inert gaseous atmosphere. |
| 232, | for processes including subsequent disparate treatment
of article after working, shaping or molding. |
| 333, | for mere heating of hydraulic inorganic settable
materials. |
| 340+, | for treatment, per se, of shaped or solid articles. |
| 643, | for processes directed to firing, sintering or
vitrifying of shaped articles or preforms with coating by vapor contacting
said body after firing. |
| 646+, | for processes of utilizing a chemically reactive
atmosphere other than air, per se, during sintering to convert precursor
to ceramic material. |
| 674+, | for processes involving specified composition of
heating atmosphere, other than air. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for reactive steam treatment
of inorganic materials when combined with a broadly recited molding
step. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 248.1+ for processes of coating with a vapor, gas, or
smoke. |
|
| | |
| 84 | APPLYING EXPLOSIVE FORCE TO MAKE ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein material is consolidated by an explosive
force or detonation which produces a large sudden compacting pressure
on said material. |
| | |
| 85 | UTILIZING SPECIAL INERT GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE OR FLUSHING
MOLD WITH INERT LIQUID: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein (1) a named nonreactive gas is used as
the environment for the shaping, working, or treating operation
on a material or (2) the ambient atmosphere of a mold is replaced
by a nonreactive liquid.
| | (1)
Note. To be placed in this subclass as an original patent
the invention claimed must specify a particular inert atmosphere
such as, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The term "inert" alone in
a claim is not sufficient to place the patent in this subclass.
Also air and steam have been excluded from this subclass even though
they may be claimed as inert materials. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 39, | for solvent flushing a mold to dissolve contaminants
from its surface. |
| 65, | for processes for firing or vitrifying wherein the
composition of the atmosphere is controlled. |
|
| | |
| 86 | REMOVAL OF LIQUID COMPONENT OR CARRIER THROUGH POROUS MOLD
SURFACE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a liquid component or liquid vehicle for
a moldable material is removed or separated from the material through
a foraminous shaping surface.
| | (1)
Note. The shaping surface for this subclass may have holes
extending there-through as in the case of a perforated sheet, or
the body of the mold may be absorbent as in the case of a porous
plaster mold which will absorb water. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 91+, | for processes for forming articles by uniting particles
carried in a gas stream. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses, for forming fibrous felted
products from slurries by draining the liquid carrier through a
foraminous mold surface. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses for processes for dewatering
slurries to produce a formless mass of material. |
|
| | |
| 101 | VACUUM TREATMENT OF WORK: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes including the application of a reduced pressure,
below atmospheric, to a workpiece or molding material to effect
the chemical and/or physical properties or the condition
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 87, | 88+ and 335, for other art relating to the
application of fluid pressure differential to the work. |
|
| | |
| 102 | To degas or prevent gas entrapment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes in which the vacuum is directly applied to a element
or material to remove trapped gases or prevent gases from being entrained
or trapped in a workpiece or material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 286 for utilizing a vacuum to remove trapped gases
from between laminae. |
|
| | |
| 103 | WITH TWINING, PLYING, BRAIDING, OR TEXTILE FABRIC FORMATION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include a step of twining, braiding, plying
or twisting multiple elements about each other or the step of textile fabric
formation.
| | (1)
Note. The fabric formation may be by weaving, knitting, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 295, | for molding followed by a bending or twisting step
and 339 for bending or twisting processes, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 28, | Textiles: Manufacturing, and the various species classes related thereto, for
textile operations, per se, not combined with a significant step
for this class. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 175+ , 190, 193, and 196+ for a stock material
product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet embodying
mechanically interengaged strands or strand-portions (e.g., weave,
or knit). |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or
Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 181+ for a woven fabric and subclasses 304+ for
a knit fabric. |
|
| | |
| 104 | FORMING ELECTRICAL ARTICLES BY SHAPING ELECTROCONDUCTIVE MATERIAL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a material which is capable of carrying
an electric current is plastically shaped to form an article in
which such electric current carrying function is utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171.1+, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length stratified or layered articles around a strand-like or filament
like preform. |
| 272, | for processes of encapsulating an electrical component
in shaped material. |
| 614+, | for processes of forming electrical articles including
the step of vitrification, sintering or firing of shaped inorganic
preforms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 72, | Metal Deforming,
subclasses 253.1+ for making a metal wire or filament by die-extruding
it. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 47+ for processes of making electrical conductors of
indefinite length not otherwise provided for, see (2) Note therein. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 291+ for electrodes for electrolytic apparatus made of
plastic compositions. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 500+ for compositions specialized for use as electrical
conductors or emitters or electrical devices for such use defined solely
in terms of the compositions of which they are composed. |
| 373, | Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,
subclasses 88+ for electrodes for arc furnaces which are formed
from plastic materials. Subclasses 592.1+ of Class 29
constitute the generic place for making electrical devices, including
electrodes, from metal and include processes which include a metal working
operation. |
| 419, | Power Metallurgy Processes,
subclass 4 for processes of making filaments or fibers from
metal containing powers by pressure and heat. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 58+ for processes of forming electrical products by
a coating operation. |
| 445, | Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing,
subclasses 35+ , 46+ and 60+ and the classes
referred to in the notes thereto for other classes which provide
for method an apparatus for making electrodes for electric lamp
and electric space discharge devices. |
|
| | |
| 105 | Conductive carbon containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Processes wherein at least a part of the electroconductive
material is conductive carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 29, | for processes under the class definition which include
a carbonizing step. |
|
| | |
| 106 | FORMING SOUND GROOVES IN RECORDS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein an article has sound reproducing grooves
formed on its surface by a molding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36, | for processes of repairing or restoring articles
for use which involve removal of the sound grooves in a record and appropriate
subclasses under 239+ for molding operations which produce articles,
per se, which may be disclosed to have utility in making sound producing
records. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclass 37 for sound recording compositions, per se. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 68 for electroforming methods of producing sound records. |
| 369, | Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 84+ for dynamic recording. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 64.1+ for a disc which does not have the sound track. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523,
subclass 174 for a composition containing a synthetic resin
or natural rubber having utility as a phonograph record molding
composition or to processes of preparing said composition. |
|
| | |
| 108 | ORIENTING OR ALIGNING SOLID PARTICLES IN FLUENT MATRIX
MATERIAL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which particulate material or filler in a flowable
plastic mass is aligned, arranged or oriented while in said mass
to give a desired physical effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 24, | for processes in which electrical or wave energy
is applied directly to fibers or other particulate material to move,
align or effect deposition of said fibers or particles. |
| 109+, | for processes of randomly associating particles. |
|
| | |
| 109 | FORMING ARTICLES BY UNITING RANDOMLY ASSOCIATED PARTICLES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to bonding to each other individually
distinct particles which are associated randomly by bulk handling
or deposition to form a layer containing a major amount of the particulate
material.
| | (1)
Note. The relative sizes of the particles are immaterial,
however the particles must retain their discrete nature during the
associating and bonding operation. Further, the mere presence of
particles in a liquid carrier is not sufficient for this subclass
(e.g., fillers or slurries), this being considered to be the molding
of a fluent or liquid mass rather than the association of particles
and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below. |
| | (2)
Note. The material is usually but not necessarily in the
form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate material
may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the latent adhesive
characteristics of the material. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 6, | for processes of forming solid particulate material
by liquid or melt comminuting combined with uniting of said bulk
assembled or deposited particles. |
| 91, | for processes of applying vacuum or suction to bulk
assembled particles. |
| 131, | for a molding process combined with a step of coating
with particulate material. |
| 239+, | for processes of molding (1) plastic compositions
containing particulate material as a filler; (2) colloidal or nonsettling
dispersions, e.g., rubber latex or clay; and (3) plastic particulate
material which lose their identity during molding to form a homogeneous
product and see (1) Note above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 19, | Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses 144+ for a process of bringing particles together, for
example by air laying, and see the notes in subclasses 144+ for
the line between this class (264) and Class 19. |
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 313+ for agglomerating processes provided for in that
class. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 550+ for a solid fuel consolidation or shaping process
which goes beyond mere molding of a starting composition, especially
subclasses 596+ for a process which includes pressing using
a specified condition or technique. |
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for a process of making an abrasive tool, material,
or composition for abrading purposes. Also see "Search
Class"" under the definition of Class 51 for related fields
of search for preparing abrasive material stock. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 443+ for processes of forming glass fibers or filaments
from a glass melt combined with coating, which may include adhesively
bonding the fibers using any bonding medium or autogenously to form
a glass fiber felt or mat; subclasses 36+ for processes
of fusing glass fiber or particles to each other to form a felt.
See also the main definition to this class (264) for further delineation
of the line with Class 65. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, see especially the notes thereto for the locus of other
art relating to particle uniting and
subclasses 228+ for a consolidated metal particle composition. |
| 100, | Presses,
subclasses 35+ for a method of intermingling and/or deforming particulate
material to mechanically unite the particles together at their respective
interfaces without use of a binder. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 62.2 for a process of forming a felted article by simultaneously
uniting of particles combined with the step of adhesively bonding
the felted article to another part. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 100+ for a process of forming an interfelted fibrous
product, e.g., paper interfelted fibrous product, e.g., paper from
a liquid fibrous suspension. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 5+ for a process for a mechanical pressing or briquetting
of solid carbonaceous material combined with a thermolytic distillation
operation. |
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 61+ processes for making articles from metal particles
by pressure without heat and subclass 1 for similar processes which
use heat. |
| 425, | Plastic Articles or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 80.1+ for corresponding apparatus. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 180 for processes of coating utilizing solid particles
or fibers. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 87 for a product with a pile or nap type surface and
including particulate matter, subclasses 143+ for a stock
material in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which
has a textured or rough surface comprising particulate matter, subclasses
323+ for a composite web or sheet including a component
having structurally defined particles, and subclasses 402+ for
structurally defined or coated particles. |
|
| | |
| 110 | Mica particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes wherein the particulate material is mica.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 125, | Stone Working,
subclass 24 , for a process of separating mica or mica-like
materials along its line of cleavage. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclass 4 for a process of comminuting or disintegrating
micaceous material. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 378 , for a process of exfoliating micaceous material. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 324 , for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet including a component comprising
structurally defined mica, subclass 363 for a structurally defined
mica flake or mass or layer thereof, and subclasses 454+ for a
nonstructural composite sheet or web including a layer comprising mica. |
|
| | |
| 112 | Stratified or layered articles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes directed to forming an article having plural layers
by molding; at least one layer being formed by bonding of randomly
associated particles to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 6, | for processes of uniting particles including the
step of formation of said particles from a molten or liquid mass,
or other glass. |
| 35, | for forming composite structural installations in
situ from inorganic hydraulic settable materials. |
| 60, | for forming a composite structure from particles
combined with a firing step. |
| 241, | for processes of forming composite structures generally. |
|
| | |
| 113 | Plural layers formed by uniting randomly associated particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Processes which includes forming at least two distinct layers
or strata of the formed article by a particle uniting operation.
| | (1)
Note. A process of simultaneously forming two layers of particulate
material and uniting them at their source of formation is within
the scope of this subclass. | |
| | |
| 114 | Utilizing centrifugal force: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes which include the use of centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 311, | for a process of reshaping or molding other materials
utilizing centrifugal force. |
|
| | |
| 115 | With liberating or forming of particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes including a step of initially forming the particles
from nonparticulate material or liberating them from a fiber or
particle containing material.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are, for example,
carding, grinding, cutting, etc., as well as forming particles by
a molding operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 6, | for processes including a step of forming particles
from a molten or liquid mass other than glass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 19, | Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses .3+ for a process of severing filaments of indefinite
length to produce discrete fibers. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 376+ for processes of forming glass fibers or filaments,
particularly subclasses 443+ and 454+ for processes of
forming glass fiber felt or mat by bulk assembly. For further delineation of
the line between Class 65 and Class 264 see the class definition
for Class 65, section III B. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 1+ for processes of chemical liberation, recovery
or purification of natural cellulose or fibrous material. |
|
| | |
| 116 | From felt or batt: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes in which the particles are liberated from a previously
manufactured article of associated interfelted fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 140+, | for processes including a cutting step to form a
flaked, shredded or pelleted product. |
|
| | |
| 117 | Agitating to form larger particles (i.e., accretion or
agglomeration): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes directed to tumbling or otherwise agitating a
mass of fine discrete particle to cause adherence of the particles
to one another thereby producing larger size on particles.
| | (1)
Note. The above process is usually referred to in the art
as agglomeration or accretion. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 313+ for a process of agglomerating finely divided solid
nonmetallic elements or inorganic compounds to coalesce the elements
or compounds not involving use of a binder which remains as part
of the final product. The use of a fugitive binder, e.g., water
would not exclude the process from Class 23. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for processes of agglomerating
fertilizer particles. |
|
| | |
| 118 | With subsequent cutting, grooving, breaking, or comminuting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes which include the step of cutting, grooving, breaking
or comminuting the article formed from the united particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 115, | and 116, for processes pertaining to formation of
particles which are subsequently united to form a final product. |
| 138+, | for a molding process combined with the step of
mechanically removing material from a preform or forming a comminuted
product. |
| 140+, | for processes including a cutting step to form a
flaked, shredded or pelleted product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses, e.g.,
subclass 4 for comminuting of laminated or fibrous material
and see sections 4 and 5 of the definitions of Class 241. |
|
| | |
| 119 | With reshaping or surface embossing of formed article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes which include the step of reshaping or surface
embossing the formed product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 239+, | for a process of mechanically shaping workpiece,
particularly subclasses 284 and 293 for embossing and 320+ for
reshaping solid work. |
|
| | |
| 120 | Plural, intermittent pressure applying: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes which include applying pressure (1) which varies
stepwise in intensity or (2) intermittently or sequentially.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 312 for a laminating process including sequential different
pressure applying steps. |
|
| | |
| 121 | Projecting particles in a moving gas stream: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes using a moving gas stream or current to convey
particulate material onto a collecting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 19, | Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses 144+ and see the search note to Class 19 in subclass
109 of this class (264). |
| 406, | Conveyors: Fluid Current,
subclass 197 miscellaneous processes involving conveying solid
material with the assistance of a forced propelling fluid current. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 80.1+ for a molding apparatus comprising means utilizing
an air current for randomly associating particulate material on
a shaping surface. |
|
| | |
| 122 | Utilizing diverse solid particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes involving the use of (1) two or more kinds of
particles differing in composition or (2) particles of the same
composition but disclosed to be of different particle sizes.
| | (1)
Note. Where particles of different composition are employed,
these may bond autogenously at their surfaces, a liquid binder or
adhesive may be used or one of the kinds of particles may act as
a binder by, for example, losing its identity as a particle by melting
and flowing about or between the remaining solid particles. |
| | (2)
Note. Where different sizes of particles of similar composition
are employed, said difference in size of the particles must be set
out, since it is understood that normally in particles handled in mass
or bulk, there will be minute differences in particle size although
the overall appearance thereof would indicate homogeneity. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 141+ for processes of uniting plural different fibers
in a paper making operation. |
|
| | |
| 123 | Autogenously or by activation of dry coated particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes which include the step of treating the surface
of particulate material and/or a dry adhesive coating previously
applied to the particulate material, to render the surface of the material
tacky thereby causing bonding of the individual particles to each
other.
| | (1)
Note. The particulate material, usually thermo-plastic, is
treated with a fluid material which is not an adhesive, per se, and
usually is a solvent for the material, or by the application of
heat to render tacky the solid particulate material or dry coating
thereof. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 122, | for processes in which plural different solid particles
are united, one of which may act as an adhesive and which may or
may not retain its particle identity on, for example, application
of heat to activate it as an adhesive. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 308.2+ for an adhesive bonding process which includes
tackifying the substance of a self-sustaining laminar to be bonded. |
|
| | |
| 125 | Sintering or heat fusing particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes in which the autogenous bonding of the particles
is effected by the application of heat with or without pressure.
| | (1)
Note. Heat resulting from the application of pressure alone
is not considered to be a positive application of heat. Also, some
but not all of the particles may be melted; essentially the formed body
must be of joined particles, not particles liquified by heat. Patents
in which powdered or particulate material is completely melted are
provided for in subclasses 239+ based on various manipulative
molding steps. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 239+, | and see (1) Note above. |
| 603+, | for a process of sintering a shaped inorganic preform
external of a mold. |
|
| | |
| 128 | Liquid binder applied subsequent to particle assembly: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes wherein a liquid adhesive is applied to the particulate
material subsequent to the assembly, association or deposition thereof.
| | (1)
Note. See the search notes in subclass 109 above pertaining
to processes in which particulate material, e.g., fillers and binder
material are mixed in a slurry prior to deposition thereof in a
mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 123, | for autogenous bonding of particles in which a liquid
or solvent which is not, per se, an adhesive is employed to render
the particles or surfaces thereof tacky or capable of adhesion. |
| 122, | for processes employing plural different solid particles
one of which may act as an adhesive and which may or may not retain
its identity as particle subsequent to uniting. |
| 129, | for molding combined with a coating step performed
outside of the mold. |
|
| | |
| 129 | WITH PRINTING OR COATING OF WORKPIECE (OUT OF MOLD): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes including the step of applying a layer of fluent
material to the workpiece, which material is not restrained or confined
by a mold or shaping surface.
| | (1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, application of a coating
to a shaped article is generally outside of a mold. Where an added
layer of material is applied to a previous layer while in the mold
it is assumed that the layer is subjected to mold shaping and thus
excluded, regardless of the thickness of said surface layer, unless
there is a specific disclosure that the coating is unrestrained. |
| | (2)
Note. Treatment material, e.g., catalysts, solvents, softening
materials such as water, etc., are not considered coatings or impregnants
for this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. The general line between this class (264) and Class
427, Coating Processes, with regard to processes of reshaping or
deforming plus coating will be as follows:
| |
a) Where a base is coated and the coating only is reshaped
or deformed, the patent will go in Class 427. |
| |
b) Where a base is coated and the subsequent reshaping or
deforming is applied to the coating and the contiguous surface to
which the coating is applied, without an overall reshaping of the
base and without altering the shape of any noncoated surface, the
patent will go to Class 427. |
| |
c) Where a base is surface deformed only on one side or area
so that there is no overall reshaping of the entire base, and the
deformed surface is subsequently coated, the patent will go to Class
427. |
| |
d) Where a base is coated and there is subsequent overall
reshaping of the resulting coated article or, when the base is in
the form of a planar sheet or web, there is subsequent reshaping
of both surfaces, e.g., corrugating, the patent will go to Class
264. |
| |
e) Where there is surface deformation of only one surface
of a base, the opposed surface remaining unaltered, and the unaltered
surface is coated, the patent will go to Class 264. |
| |
f) Where a base is reshaped overall or where opposing surfaces
are reshaped, deformed, e.g., embossed, and then coated either on
one or both deformed surfaces, the patent will go to Class 264. |
| |
g) Where a base is coated and subsequently said coated article
is surface deformed, e.g., embossed through the coating and a portion
of the base on opposed sides or surfaces, the patent will go to
Class 264. |
| | (4)
Note. For nominal molding followed by a significant coating
step see Class 427, Coating Processes. | |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 7, | for processes of forming solid particles liquids
or melts combined with a coating step of said particles. |
| 79, | for processes including the step of applying a barrier
layer to the surface of an article to prevent escape of volatiles. |
| 128, | for processes of assembling random, bulk deposited
particles with subsequent application of liquid binder thereto. |
| 232, | for subsequent disparate treatment of formed articles. |
| 255, | for processes of forming plural layers in a mold,
the surface layer being similar to a coating in the final product. |
| 304, | and 308, for processes in which plural layers of
the same material are built up in the mold. |
| 343, | for swelling or plasticizing, per se. |
| 603, | for processes of firing, sintering or vitrifying
of shaped articles or preforms having combined steps of shaping
and coating. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product in
the form of a composite web or sheet, especially
subclasses 411+ for plural layer products not elsewhere provided
for. |
| 442, | Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or
Cloth, etc.),
subclasses 59+ for a coated or impregnated fabric. |
|
| | |
| 130 | Anti-stick or adhesion preventing coating |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes wherein the coating has the function of preventing
adhesion or sticking between the formed articles and/or
adjacent material, surfaces or objects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 264, | for the use of an antiadhesion layer between layers
in a compositing operation. |
| 300, | for processes in which a release agent is added
to the molding material. |
| 338, | for processes in which a release agent is coated
on a mold. |
|
| | |
| 131 | Coating with particulate material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes in which the coating or printing material is applied
as and remains in the form of particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 112, | for processes of forming layered articles by molding
randomly assembled particles. |
| 130, | for particulate coating of an antistick nature. |
|
| | |
| 132 | Applying indicia or design (e.g., printing, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes wherein the printing or coating is applied to
the workpiece to provide planned ornamentation or intelligence at
the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 73+, | for processes for forming random variegated colors
during the molding operation. |
| 245+, | for processes of forming multi-colored surfaces
by a compositing operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 101, | Printing, appropriate subclasses for printing, per se. |
|
| | |
| 133 | Applied to clay, sand, or earthen workpiece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes wherein the base that is coated embodies a material
containing clay, concrete, sand or other earthy material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 79, | for coating siliceous or calcareous bases with a
barrier layer to prevent or retard evaporation of a volatile component. |
| 136, | for coating processes in which base is glass fibers. |
| 256, | for processes of forming a layer in a mold on a
body containing clay, sand or calcareous material which was formed
in the same mold. |
| 603+, | for processes of firing, sintering or vitrifying
of shaped articles or preforms having combined steps of shaping
and coating outside of the mold prior to or subsequent to the firing steps. |
|
| | |
| 135 | Molding material against and uniting to the coated or impregnated
workpiece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Processes including the step of molding or shaping plastic
material against the coated or impregnated preform and uniting said
plastic material to said preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171.1+, | for processes in which plastic material is shaped
against a preform to produce continuous or indefinite length articles. |
| 241+, | for processes for molding a plural part or composite
article. |
|
| | |
| 136 | Impregnation of batt, sheet, or filament: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Processes which includes the step of applying fluent material
to a fibrous, interfelted or porous preform so that at least a portion
of the fluent material enters the interstices of the preform. |
| | |
| 138 | WITH SEVERING, REMOVING MATERIAL FROM PREFORM MECHANICALLY,
OR MECHANICALLY SUBDIVIDING WORKPIECE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include a step of 1) penetrating a shaped
product from one face to another to cause at least a partial separation
of the product, 2) tearing an article, 3) removing material from
an article by means of a solid tool or implement, or 4) forming
a comminuted product.
| | (1)
Note. The formation of grooves and ridges in the surface
of a workpiece resulting from a cutting separation of only the surface
material does not come here but is placed in the appropriate subclasses
below, e.g., subclasses 284 and 293. |
| | (2)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, the penetration need
not necessarily be by a sharp tool but may be made by locally applied
heat, for example. |
| | (3)
Note. Severing a mold charge from a fluent plastic bulk source
is not considered cutting for this and indented subclasses. |
| | (4)
Note. To be placed herein, the operation must be performed
on a shaped article or preform. Mixing, mulling, kneading of plastic
materials are excluded. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for comminuting of liquids to form solid, particulate
material. |
| 118, | for processes of uniting discrete bulk assembled
particles including a subsequent cutting, grooving or comminuting
step. |
| 166, | for processes of forming indefinite length articles
including the step of comminuting or separating of a core only within
an article. |
| 284, | and 293, for processes including a surface deformation,
e.g., embossing and see the note in subclass 284. |
| 678, | for processes of firing, sintering, or vitrifying
of shaped articles or preforms including a step of cutting, punching,
or grinding. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 83, | Cutting, appropriate subclasses for processes of cutting,
severing, perforating, etc., where not claimed in combination. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for processes for solid material
comminuting and see particularly note 4 of the definitions to Class
241 for the line as to the combination of shaping plus comminuting. |
|
| | |
| 139 | Removing surface portion of composite workpiece to expose
substrate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes wherein a facing layer portion of a multilayered
body is removed to expose an area of an underlying layer.
| | (1)
Note. The facing layer may be removed to produce a decorative
effect, by way of example. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 250+ , appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass
270 for laminating combined with the step of cutting one lamina
only. |
|
| | |
| 140 | To form particulate product (e.g., flakes, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes combined with the step of cutting or comminuting
the formed product to produce flakes, shreds or pellets therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for processes of forming particulate material directly
from a molten or liquid mass. |
| 116, | for processes in which particulate material may
be united to form a web or sheet followed by comminuting and reuniting
of said comminuted particles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses and see section 4 of the
definitions thereof as to the line between this class and Class
241 for the combination of shaping plus subsequent comminuting. |
|
| | |
| 141 | Subsequent to extruding step: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Processes where the flaked, shredded or pelleted product
is formed from a material continuously extruded from a shaping orifice.
| | (1)
Note. Where the cut-off product is of such size, length or
character as to be handled as individual units, the process will
be classified in subclasses 148+ below. | |
| | |
| 142 | By cutting at point of extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes where a knife engaging the extrusion die face
is moved across the extrusion orifice to cut the extruded material
into the desired flakes, pellets or shreds. |
| | |
| 143 | From strands: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes where a continuously extruded filament is cut
to short length fibers or "staples".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 165+, | for processes of forming indefinite length or continuous
length articles, e.g., filaments, when not combined with a cutting
step. |
|
| | |
| 144 | From continuously cast material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Processes including the step of initially forming a continuous
product by casting on a moving drum or belt.
| | (1)
Note. As an example of the subject matter of this subclass
is a process in which a plastic material is calendered, formed as
a sheet on one of the calender rolls, then removed in the form of
flakes. | |
| | |
| 148 | Extruding followed by cutting to length: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Processes wherein an extruded material is cut in a direction
transverse to the direction of movement away from the extrusion
die to produce discrete portions of a desired length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 140+, | for processes wherein the pieces of cutoff extruded
material are of such small size as to be considered particulate,
e.g., pellets fibers or staple fibers. |
|
| | |
| 152 | Cutting and uniting cut parts: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes which includes a step of joining the severed portions
or parts.
| | (1)
Note. The joinder of the severed portions or parts may or
may not be at the cut edges. As, for example, the slitting of the
edges of a web or sheet and overlapping and securing the cut edges,
or the splitting of a workpiece with subsequent reuniting with the
cut faces exposed. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 250+ for cutting and laminating of plastic or the like
cut parts or materials, e.g., subclass 251 pertaining to cut- seaming. |
|
| | |
| 153 | Punching article from sheet material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in which articles are severed from sheet material
by a cutting action simultaneously on all areas being cut.
| | (1)
Note. The article is usually severed by means of a configured
cutting die. | |
| | |
| 154 | Making hole or aperture in article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in which the operation involves either forming
an aperture or opening (1) which does not completely penetrate the
article and material is removed or (2) which completely penetrates
the article with or without material removal therefrom.
| | (1)
Note. Search subclasses 284 and 293 for embossing operations
in which surface deformations are made in a preform which do not
extend through the preform and no material is removed. | |
| | |
| 157 | Dividing work to form plural articles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in which a workpiece is divided into two or more
sections to form a plurality of articles.
| | (1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are processes punching
plural articles from a sheet or web in which the sheet left after punching
out the desired articles may be considered to be waste, or wherein
the dividing is for the purpose of removing attached waste material,
e.g., flash or sprue. The entire work blank must be utilized. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 153, | for punching of plural articles from a sheet and
subclass 161 for removal of flash or sprue. |
|
| | |
| 160 | Sheet or web work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Processes where the workpiece to be divided is in the form
of a sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 153, | for processes wherein plural articles are punched
out from a sheet. |
|
| | |
| 161 | Flash or sprue removal type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes where material removed from an article consists
of (1) excess material forced out between meeting faces of a multipart closed
mold and/or (2) excess material shaped by molding material
admitting or injecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 37, | for processes in which flash or trim is recycled
or combined with additional molding material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 83, | Cutting, for flash trimming processes when not combined with
a molding step. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for removal of flash, trim or excess material when
combined with a laminating operation. |
|
| | |
| 162 | Surface finishing (e.g., abrading, grinding, etc.) |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes wherein an integral portion of the surface of
a shaped preform is removed by a grinding, scraping, or abrasive
action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 284, | and 293, for processes involving a surface deformation,
e.g., embossing and see the note in subclass 284. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 153+ for a laminating process combined with an abrading
step. |
| 451, | Abrading,
subclasses 28+ for a process of abrading, and see the notes thereto
for related fields of search. |
|
| | |
| 164 | UNCONFINED DRAWING OR EXTENDING OF A PLASTIC MASS TO MAKE ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein the article is formed by the free and
unconfined pulling out of a plastic mass.
| | (1)
Note. The surface configuration of the article formed is
imparted solely by the extension and not by coaction of the plastic
mass with a shape imparting mold surface. |
| | (2)
Note. Kneading or mulling operations, per se, e.g., taffy
pulling type are not included herein in that a shaped article is not
produced. See subclass 349 and the notes thereto for such subject
matter. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 165+, | for process of forming indefinite length work by
other than unconfined extension of a plastic mass. |
| 288+, | and 291+, for processes relating to stretching,
per se, of a previously shaped article. |
| 349, | for kneading or mulling operations and see (2) Note
above. |
|
| | |
| 165 | FORMING CONTINUOUS OR INDEFINITE LENGTH WORK: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which are directed to the molding of a continuous,
running or indefinite length body of which at least one molded element
or component thereof is unitary in nature as is formed by an uninterrupted
molding step.
| | (1)
Note. Processes relating to forming of plural finite elements
and combining these elements mechanically to each other to form
a running length article, e.g., a chain or other mechanically interlocked
article consisting of plural parts are classified elsewhere, see
the note to subclass 242 below. |
| | (2)
Note. Processes wherein a continuous article of varying composition
is produced by intermittent charges of molding material of varying
composition in the forming device are included herein. |
| | (3)
Note. Where layered, stratified or plural element containing
indefinite or continuous articles are produced, at least one element,
layer or stratum must be unitary in structure as set out in the
definition or (2) Note above. |
| | (4)
Note. The final article produced need not be of indefinite
length, for example, forming a thread and winding the thread into
a finite article is included here. |
| | (5)
Note. The line between this class (264) and Classes 8, Bleaching
and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles
and Fibers, and 427 Coating Processes, in regard to the fluid treatment
of coagulated, extruded or otherwise shaped plastic materials is
that fluid treatments of the formed structures, whether previously
dried or not, as well as processes which recite broadly the mere
fact of forming (without stating any significant forming step as
would be included in this class under the definitions) combined
with a significant subsequent fluid treatment are placed in either of
Classes 8 or 427, in accordance with the line existing therebetween
and set forth in the reference to Class 8 in the class definition
of Class 427. See also the definitions to this class (264), and
see the notes and search notes to subclasses 129, 188, 195, 196,
232, and 340 of this class (264). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 47, | for continuous article formation combined with pore
forming. |
| 70, | for processes of forming indefinite length article
including a vibratory step. |
| 73, | for producing indefinite length article of a random
or variegated color. |
| 99, | for processes wherein pneumatic pressure is applied
to the inside of a continuously extruded hollow article. |
| 145, | for continuous formation combined with cutting. |
| 242, | for processes of forming composite plural part or
multilayered articles wherein said parts are joined for relative
movement, e.g., chain or interlock effect. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, particularly
subclasses 167 and 243 for forming of continuous laminae combined
with a laminating step. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for corresponding apparatus, especially
subclasses 67+ , for filament or film forming apparatus, subclass
224 for fluent stock casting apparatus for forming continuous lengths
and subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion shaping machine. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 364+ for a filament of a particular size or shape, or
coated. |
|
| | |
| 166 | With mold element formation or removal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes including (1) a step of forming a mold or shaping
element for the work or (2) a step of destroying a mold or shaping
element subsequent to the molding step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41+, | for processes of pore forming in situ, e.g., 44,
by burning out of a component. |
| 171.1+, | for forming a continuous length article by molding
on or around discrete axially aligned preforms, which preform may
be destroyed in part, or comminuted. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 155 for laminating processes including the step of
destroying a transitory material or element. |
|
| | |
| 167 | Of varying cross-sectional area or with intermittent cross-sectional
irregularity: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes wherein the formed article is nonuniform cross-sectionally
throughout its length which may result from a gradual change in transverse
dimensions or through intermittent or repeated irregularities therein,
said article being of monolithic construction.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass may be found, for example, processes
for producing filaments of irregular denier. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171.1+, | for framing continuous length articles which are
stratified or layered even though cross-sectional area irregularities
may exist through spaced elements thereon. |
|
| | |
| 168 | With crimping or crinkling of strands of filaments: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes wherein a crimped, creped or crinkled effect is
imparted to the formed articles which may be from a physical treatment
or inherently resulting from the ingredients and/or chemical
processes employed in the article formation or subsequent thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclass 117 for processes involving a chemical modification
of textile materials to produce a wool like or crinkle effect. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 183 for laminating processes which include a creping,
wrinkling or crinkling step, and subclasses 196+ for laminating
processes including a permanent bending or reshaping of a self sustaining
lamina. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 111+ and 280+ for processes and apparatus for
creping or crinkling paper-like webs or sheets while still wet from
the forming operation. |
|
| | |
| 169 | With prevention of equipment fouling accumulations or deposits: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes which include steps for prevention or removal
of incrustations and other equipment fouling accumulations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 39, | for processes involving treating or conditioning
apparatus for use. |
| 85, | for processes including the step of flushing a mold
with an inert fluid. |
| 195, | for subsequent chemical treatment of viscose articles
which may be directed to a process for removal of contaminants therefrom. |
|
| | |
| 170 | By chemical additive to molding material or treating bath: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Processes wherein said fouling accumulations are prevented
by means of an additive chemical agent or ingredient in the article
forming material or in the forming or treating bath therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for employing a specific
additive to a spinning solution to prevent clogging of spinnerettes.
Where claims are drawn in such a manner that the anticlogging agent may
be either the bath or spinning solution then the patent will be
placed as an original in this class (264), and cross-reference to
Class 106. |
|
| | |
| 171.1 | Layered, stratified transversely of length, or multiphase
macrostructure containing material (e.g., conjugate, composite,
islands-in-sea, sheath-core, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes directed to methods of forming indefinite or running
length articles comprising plural diverse elements or components
in a contiguous relationship in a cross-section taken through said
article, said contiguity extending for at least a portion of the
length of the article.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not
include the simultaneous extrusion of a plurality of filaments which
are then merely gathered into a yarn or thread in a parallel or contiguous
relationship. |
| | (2)
Note. Where discrete elements are axially aligned on a continuous
base, said elements being either spaced or in butt relationship,
the patent is properly classified in this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. In the formation of indefinite length filaments, particularly
viscose, filaments with differentiated "skin" and "core" which
may be produced from a homogeneous material and such processes will
be classified below in appropriate subclasses according to method
or material employed. |
| | (4)
Note. Processes of forming "sheath-core" or "islands
in the sea" composites, strands, or filaments are properly
classified below in appropriate subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 73+, | for forming a color
variegated running or indefinite length article. |
| 103, | for gathering of
extruded filaments into a yarn or thread. |
| 135, | for processes including coating or impregnating
a preform combined with shaping against and uniting of plastic material
to said preform. |
| 167, | for formation of continuous length articles of irregular
cross-sectional area which are nonlayered or nonstratified, i.e.,
of monolithic construction. |
| 252, | for molding plural parts to an edge of a preform,
e.g., slide fastener elements. |
| 172.13, | for composite,
strand, or filament having island in the sea. |
| 172.15, | for sheath-core composites strands or filaments |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclasses
167+ and
244.11+for
formation of a lamina or laminae by extrusion followed by adhesive
bonding to form a laminate. |
|
| | |
| 171.11 | Including extrusion on or about plural discrete end-to-end
or discrete side-by-side preforms (e.g., definite length preform, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes wherein a plurality of discrete preforms or bases
of finite length are aligned in abutment or end-to-end relationship,
not necessarily in physical contact, with formation of an indefinite
or continuous layer of plastic material on or about said preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 149, | for processes of extruding a continuous length article
around a moving preform with cutting thereof to length. |
| 166, | for processes of
forming an indefinite length body in which a core mold or shaping
surface may be formed or the core mold or shaping surface employed
in the process is removed or destroyed, wherein at least for an interval
of time, the mold and the molding material may be in a composite
relationship. |
| 323, | for processes in
which reshaping of a solid noncontinuous preform is effected by
establishing a rubbing, wiping or sliding action between the preform
and a shaping surface. |
|
| | |
| 171.12 | Hollow preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes wherein a hollow article or hollow stock material
which is self sustaining is subjected to a shaping or reshaping
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 166, | for processes in which a core mold may be formed
or the core mold employed in the process is removed or destroyed,
wherein at least for an interval of time, the mold and the molding
material may be in a composite relationship. |
| 171.26, | for indefinite length
hollow composites formed from nonhollow stock material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 230+ for processes of
coating the interior of hollow articles. |
|
| | |
| 171.14 | Of metal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.13. Processes wherein the preform is pure metal or metal alloy
or contains pure metal or metal alloy. |
| | |
| 171.15 | Natural rubber or thermosetting resin containing layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes wherein a layer contains material which is natural
rubber or thermosetting resin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic
resin or natural rubber composition which may be disclosed or claimed
to possess utility as molding materials. |
|
| | |
| 171.26 | Producing hollow composite: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes wherein the composite formed is hollow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 166, | for processes in which a core mold may be formed
or the core mold employed in the process is removed or destroyed,
wherein at least for an interval of time, the mold and the molding
material may be in a composite relationship. |
| 172.11, | for processes of
producing nonhollow composite stands, filaments or threads. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 230+ for processes of
coating the interior of hollow articles. |
|
| | |
| 171.29 | Including rotation of shaping surface or material being
shaped: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.26. Processes which comprise turning or revolving (a) a surface
used to form or shape or (b) material being formed or shaped.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209.2, | for processes utilizing rotational or translational
movement of a material shaping member on indefinite lengths excluding
composites. |
| 310, | for processes excluding indefinite length composites
in which rotating motion is imparted to the mold shaping surface
or to the material being shaped. |
|
| | |
| 172.1 | Having particular noncircular cross-section (e.g., T-configured,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.26. Processes wherein the hollow composite is cross-sectionally
uniform and not circular (e.g., elliptical, star, hexagonal, dog-bone,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 172.12, | for processes of producing composite strand, filament,
or thread with noncircular cross-section. |
|
| | |
| 172.13 | Islands-in-sea (i.e., discontinuous phase in continuous
phase): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.11. Processes directed to shaping a composite strand, filament
or thread having a discontinuous phase material (island) and a continuous
phase material (sea), usually of different composition.
| | (1)
Note. The island phase material usually has a different melt
index than the sea phase material. Extrusion or melt spinning are
common shaping methods utilized in this subclass. | |
| | |
| 172.14 | Side-by-side: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.11. Processes wherein the composite strand, filament or thread
is produced by forcing different materials through separate openings
in a die or spinneret in which individual strands, filaments, or
threads are formed adjacent one another. |
| | |
| 172.15 | Sheath-core: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.11. Processes wherein the composite strand, filament or thread
is produced by forcing different materials through separate openings
in a die or spinneret in which one fiber or filament is substantially
enclosed in the other (sheath-core type). |
| | |
| 172.17 | Melt-spinning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.11. Processes wherein the composite strand, filament, or thread
is shaped by forcing a melt through an appropriately sized orifice. |
| | |
| 172.18 | Polyamide (e.g., nylon, etc.) or addition polymer of at
least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene,
polystyrene, etc.) containing layer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 172.17. Processes wherein the composite strand,
filament, or thread has a layer which contains (a) polyamide or
(b) addition polymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer.
| | (1)
Note. See the definitions of this Class 264for
the line between this class and the composition classes, especially
Class 520. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic
resin or natural rubber composition which may be disclosed or claimed
to possess utility as molding materials. |
|
| | |
| 173.12 | Melt extrusion (e.g., co-extrusion, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 173.11. Processes wherein the multi-layered, indefinite length body
is formed by forcing a melt through a confining orifice whereby
the cross-sectional area of the extruded portion corresponds to
the dimensions of the orifice. |
| | |
| 173.16 | Melt co-extrusion (e.g., two layers, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes wherein a layered
indefinite length body is formed by forcing a melt through a dual
confining orifice whereby the cross-sectional area of the two extruded
portions corresponds to the dimensions of the orifice. |
| | |
| 173.18 | HAVING COLORANT ADDED TO MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED OR PRODUCING
TWO DIVERSELY COLORED LAYERS: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 173.16. Process which includes (a) a step of incorporating a colorant
(e.g., dye, pigment, etc.) directly in the shaping material such
that an article is formed having at least one layer of nonrandom
color, or (b) producing a layered article wherein each layer is
of different color.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 73+, | for processes in which a random variegated effect
is achieved during the molding or shaping operation. |
| 78, | for processes including dyeing of a shaped article
or preform, or including a step of incorporating a dye susceptible
material (i.e., precursor) in the shaping material and followed
by subsequent exposure to a reactant for the dye susceptible material
to produce the color (e.g., such as found in a coagulant bath, etc.). |
| 132, | for processes including the step of applying an
indicia or design to the shaped article. |
| 245+, | for reshaping processes for producing composite
structure with multicolored surface. |
|
| | |
| 175 | By calendering: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes in which the continuous product is produced from
an unformed mass which is forced between a pair of coacting, continuously moving
surfaces.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein, for example, is shaping a mass by
passing it between a pair of rolls, a roll and an endless belt or a
pair of endless belts. |
| | (2)
Note. Where the patent discloses calendering of a previously
formed indefinite length article, e.g., altering the thickness thereof
by passing through pressure rolls, the patent will not be placed herein,
since such an operation is considered to be a reshaping rather than
an actual forming of a continuous or indefinite length article,
see the search notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 77, | for calendering which produces a random variegated
coloring effect. |
| 212+, | for casting of materials on a solid shaping surface
in which a doctor knife may be employed for smoothing the upper
surface of or regulating the thickness of the cast article. |
| 280+, | for mechanical shaping or molding of running or
indefinite length work, per se. |
|
| | |
| 176.1 | Shaping by extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes wherein an article is shaped or formed by extruding
or forcing a supply of the article forming material through a confining and
shaping orifice
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion shaping machine or nonmetals;
see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 177.1 | To produce particular cross-section (e.g., noncircular,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes wherein formation is by extrusion through an orifice
so shaped as to produce solid, cross-sectionally uniform articles
which are other than circular or linear in cross-section.
| | (1)
Note. Extrusion through circular orifices or elongated linear
slit orifices to produce conventional filaments, rods, films, sheet,
etc., are classified on some other basis. To be placed herein, a
patent must disclose the use of an extruding orifice of a particular
cross-sectional shape to produce a shaped article other than those set
out above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 167, | for methods of producing articles of varying cross-sectional
area or intermittent cross-sectional irregularity. |
| 171.1+, | for methods of producing transversely layered or
stratified articles. |
|
| | |
| 177.11 | Nonresinous material only (e.g., ceramic, soap cellulose,
glue, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes wherein the material being processed is other
than a natural or a synthetic resin, e.g., ceramic material soap,
cellulose, glue, etc.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass is not intended to include synthetic
resins which meet the definition of Class 520. |
| | (2)
Note. A process for extruding a nonresionus material wherein
a resin binder is employed conventionally as an auxiliary agent
is considered proper for this subclass. | |
| | |
| 177.18 | Chemical: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 177.17. Processes wherein the extrudate undergoes chemical treatment,
e.g., curing, polymerization, etc. |
| | |
| 178 | Into a liquid bath: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes wherein formation takes place by extrusion of
the article forming material through a shaping device or orifice
into a liquid bath.
| | (1)
Note. This and indented subclasses include, for example,
extruding into a cooling, heating or reactive bath. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | and 244+, for subsequent treatment of formed
articles. |
| 298, | for processes which include the step of casting
finite articles on a liquid surface forming medium. |
|
| | |
| 179 | With purifying or replenishing of bath: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes wherein ingredients are added to or removed from
the bath, or the bath is treated, so as to maintain the desired
composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 38, | for processes reciting reclaiming or purifying and
recycling of extrudant receiving bath material. |
|
| | |
| 180 | Liquid of bath is in motion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes in which the liquid of said forming or receiving
bath is in motion.
| | (1)
Note. Incidental disturbance or movement of the liquid which
may occur by the unconfined passage of a formed article therethrough
is not sufficient to place a patent in this subclass. However, disclosure
that the formed article in passing through a restricted tube placed
in the bath whereby a current of liquid is created and carried therethrough
by frictional contact with the formed article, is within the scope
of this subclass. | |
| | |
| 182 | Polyacrylonitrile containing extrudant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes wherein the material being shaped is polyacrylonitrile
containing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 206, | for processes of forming indefinite length articles
by an evaporative or drying step employing polyacrylonitrile in
solution or dispersion. |
|
| | |
| 183 | Reactive bath: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes wherein the bath contains ingredients which react
chemically with ingredients in the extruded forming material to
coagulate, set or form the element or component.
| | (1)
Note. See the class definition for the general line between
this class and composition classes, per se. Where a patent claims
only the precipitating or coagulating bath for use solely in formation
of indefinite length articles by extrusion of article forming material
therein, the patent will go to this class as an original in the
appropriate subclass based on the disclosure. Mere recitation of
spinning a composition into a reactive bath broadly recited or an "acidic" reactive
bath is not considered significant molding but recitation of the
pH or pH range of the bath is considered significant. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for processes in which a spinning solution containing
a dye susceptible material or a material capable of forming a dye
is extruded into a setting bath disclosed to contain a reactant
capable of converting said material into a colored element. |
| 203, | for processes employing a solvent extractive bath. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 162.1+ , particularly subclasses 166.01+ for carbohydrate
or derivative containing compositions which may be disclosed to
have utility as spinning solutions and see the main line between
this class (264) and the composition classes as set out in the class
definitions of this class (264) which is relative to patents claiming
a process of spinning a specific composition into a reactive bath,
per se, or an "acidic" bath wherein none of the ingredients
of said bath is named, or where no specific pH is recited. |
|
| | |
| 184 | Synthetic resin containing extrudant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in which the material being extruded contains
a synthetic resin.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of "synthetic resin, per
se", see Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 1. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 182, | for processes employing polyacrylonitrile containing
forming materials. |
| 191+, | for processes employing viscose spinning solutions
which contain an added organic ingredient which ingredient may be
resinifiable or polymerizable at a subsequent stage. |
| 201, | for processes employing natural rubber containing
forming materials. |
| 206, | for evaporative formation of articles employing
polyacrylonitrile containing materials. |
|
| | |
| 186 | Carbohydrate containing extrudant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in which the article forming solution contains
a carbohydrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 162.1+ for carbohydrate or derivative containing plastic
compositions. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class 523,
subclasses 447+ and 509, and Class 524, subclasses 9+,
27+, 716, and 732+ for a nonreactant carbohydrate
or derivative admixed with a polymer proper for Class 520. |
| 536, | Organic Compounds,
subclasses 1.1+ for carbohydrate compounds and derivatives thereof. |
|
| | |
| 187 | Cellulose derivatives: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Processes in which the carbohydrate is a cellulose derivative.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 163.01+ for cellulose derivative plastic compositions,
per se, which are disclosed to have utility as a spinning composition. |
| 536, | Organic Compounds,
subclasses 30+ and 56+ for cellulose compounds and derivatives
thereof. |
|
| | |
| 188 | Viscose: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Processes wherein the carbohydrate is viscose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 166.01+ for viscose containing compositions. |
| 536, | Organic Compounds,
subclasses 60+ for production and treatment of viscose, per se. |
|
| | |
| 189 | Bath contains organic compound: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes in which the reactive or coagulating bath contains
an organic compound.
| | (1)
Note. Where the patent claims only the reactive or coagulating
bath or composition thereof and the disclosure indicates the sole
use of said bath is for the formation of viscose articles, the patent
will be placed in this and/or the indented subclasses as
an original. | |
| | |
| 191 | Extrudant contains added organic compound: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes wherein the viscose solution contains an additional
organic compound other than viscose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 184, | for processes employing spinning solutions which
contain a synthetic resin composition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 166.1 through 166.7for viscose compositions containing additional
organic compounds. |
|
| | |
| 194 | Nitrogen containing organic compound: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes wherein the added organic compound contains nitrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 193, | for additives which are polyethers of nitrogen containing
compounds, e.g., oxyalkylated amines. |
|
| | |
| 195 | Subsequent chemical treatment of formed articles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes wherein the formed article is further treated
with a chemically reactive agent.
| | (1)
Note. The step of washing or dehydrating, with water or other
nonchemically reactive liquid, is not included within the scope
of this subclass but are classified on some other basis. |
| | (2)
Note. See the notes and search notes in subclass 165 which
refer to fluid or coating treatments provided for in Classes 8, Bleaching
and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and
Fibers, and Class 427, Coating Processes, respectively. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129, | for processes including a coating step outside of
the mold. |
| 196, | for processes wherein the article is formed in two
or more stages as by coagulating or regenerating in plural baths. |
|
| | |
| 196 | Plural step coagulating or regenerating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes wherein the formation of the article takes place
in two or more stages, employing either the same or different coagulating
or generating baths, said plural baths containing either similar
or dissimilar coagulating or regenerating reagents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 195, | for subsequent chemical treatment of a formed article. |
|
| | |
| 197 | With stretching: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Processes wherein the formed article is stretched either
between treatments in coagulating or regenerating baths or subsequent thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103, | for twisting. |
| 168, | for crimping or crinkling. |
| 198, | for stretching of viscose articles and see the search
notes thereto. |
|
| | |
| 198 | Mechanical treatment of articles (e.g, stretching, folding,
deforming, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes wherein the formed viscose article is subjected
to a subsequent mechanical working or shaping step.
| | (1)
Note. Since stretching is a conventional operation in the
formation of indefinite length articles, a search in appropriate subclasses
above will be necessary where an article forming operation combined
with a nominally recited stretching step is set out in a viscose
process. However, a patent classified above disclosing or claiming
a significant stretching step in a viscose process will be crossed
here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 197, | for stretching of indefinite length viscose articles
following a plural step coagulation or regeneration. |
| 208, | for stretching of cellulose articles formed by an
evaporative method. |
| 210, | for stretching of articles formed by melt spinning. |
| 288, | for stretching of preformed running length work. |
|
| | |
| 199 | Cupro ammonium cellulose: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes wherein the cellulose derivative is cupro-ammonium
cellulose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclass 167.01 for cuprammonium cellulose compositions. |
|
| | |
| 200 | Cellulose acetate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Processes wherein the cellulose derivative is an acetic
acid ester of cellulose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 163.01+ , appropriate subclasses for cellulose or cellulose derivative
compositions, per se, within the class definitions, which may be
disclosed to be suitable as spinning compositions or solutions. |
|
| | |
| 201 | Natural rubber containing extrudant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in which article forming material contains natural
rubber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 184, | for production of indefinite length articles by
extrusion of synthetic resinous containing material into a reactive
bath wherein said material may be disclosed to be rubbery in nature. |
|
| | |
| 202 | Protein containing extrudant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes wherein the article forming contains protein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 340, | for treatment of solid or shaped articles, per se,
which may involve subsequent chemical treatment of a protein containing
article. |
|
| | |
| 203 | Liquid is solvent extractive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes wherein the article is formed by extraction of
the solvent from an article forming solution by the bath liquid
on extrusion of said solution therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204+, | for article formation by evaporation of a solvent
subsequent to extrusion of a solution of article forming material. |
| 298, | for casting on a liquid shaping surface in production
of finite articles. |
|
| | |
| 204 | Solidifying by evaporation of liquid solvent or liquid
carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes in which the article is formed by extrusion into
an evaporative atmosphere of a solution of article forming material
with subsequent solidification thereof, by removal of the solvent
of said solution through evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for processes of forming particles or fibers which
may include evaporation of a carrier. |
| 82+, | for reactive gas or vapor treatment of work. |
| 203, | for processes wherein the solvent of the article
forming material solution is removed by an extractive liquid in which
said material is relatively insoluble. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators,
subclasses 47.1+ for processes which may involve spray or film formation by
a concentrating step. |
|
| | |
| 206 | Polyacrylonitrile: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Processes wherein the synthetic resin is polyacrylonitrile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 182, | for spinning of polyacrylonitrile solutions into
a bath. |
|
| | |
| 207 | Cellulose derivative: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes wherein the article forming material in solution
is cellulose or derivatives thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 187+, | for processes of spinning cellulose derivatives
into a reactive liquid bath. |
|
| | |
| 208 | With stretching of formed article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Processes wherein the formed articles are stretched or elongated.
| | (1)
Note. See the search notes to subclass 210 herein for the
complete field of search involving stretching or reshaping. | |
| | |
| 209.1 | Hollow article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes wherein the article produced is hollow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 150, | for forming continuous hollow work by extruding,
followed by cutting to length. |
| 166, | for forming continuous or indefinite length articles
combined with mold or core formation or destruction, removal, comminution,
or separation of mold core or preform. |
| 173, | for forming indefinite length composite or stratified
hollow articles. |
| 177, | for forming indefinite length articles of particular
noncircular cross section. |
| 514, | 515 and 563, for direct application of fluid pressure
or vacuum to hollow work to permanently shape, distort, or sustain
work. |
|
| | |
| 209.4 | Sizing to desired dimension: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209.3. Processes wherein extruded product is reshaped to achieve
specific dimensions.
| | (1)
Note. For example, an extruded tube may be reshaped to a
specific diameter or wall thickness. |
| | (2)
Note. To reshape to different configuration is not considered
to be sizing, e.g., changing from a tubular shape to a rectangular
shape is not sizing. | |
| | |
| 209.7 | At least two distinct operational temperatures employed
during the extrusion operation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Processes wherein at least two different temperatures are
used at some point or time during the extrusion of the material.
| | (1)
Note. A different temperature applied to the material subsequent
to extrusion from the die is not sufficient to place in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. A different temperature at the outer wall of the extruder
from the temperature of the inner (mandrel) wall is sufficient for
this subclass. | |
| | |
| 210.1 | And reshaping: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Process which includes the additional step of stretching
or permanently reshaping the formed article.
| | (1)
Note. Classification of patents in this and indented subclasses.
Patents should not be cross-referenced to this or its indented subclasses
on the basis of disclosure, unless an unusual feature of the extrusion
step or an unusual interrelationship between the extrusion and reforming
steps is disclosed. Subclasses 239+ provide more specifically
for molding and reshaping operations and are the preferred loci
for such disclosures. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103, | for twining or plying. |
| 119, | for cutting combined with extruding and reshaping. |
| 138+, | for a process wherein stretching causes a tearing
of the workpiece. |
| 154, | for pore formation due to stretching. |
| 168, | for crimping or crinkling of indefinite length
articles. |
| 181, | for stretching of indefinite length articles in
liquid in motion. |
| 197, | and 198, for stretching or deforming of indefinite
length viscose articles. |
| 208, | for stretching of cellulose derivative articles
formed by extrusion and solvent evaporation. |
| 239+, | for reforming of shaped articles, per se. |
| 500+, | for reshaping or distortion of work employing vacuum
or fluid pressure. |
|
| | |
| 210.2 | Including a step other than application or removal of tension: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process in which some or all of the reshaping is due to
a force other than tension, e.g., pressure, etc.
| | (1)
Note. The pressure must do more than merely hold the workpiece,
establish a neck-down point, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. The process may also include a sequential operation
wherein tension is applied or removed, or a simultaneous application
or removal of tension, when it is clear that the reshaping is partly
due to each mechanism. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103, | for a process which includes textile formation. |
| 280+, | for reshaping in general of running or indefinite
length plastic materials. |
| 500+, | for a process where reshaping uses fluid pressure,
e.g., blowing, etc. |
| 555+, | for reshaping running length work by such a procedure. |
|
| | |
| 210.3 | With application of agent other than water or air to workpiece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process wherein the workpiece, after extrusion, and before,
during, or after reshaping, in contacted with a material other than
air or water (including steam, water vapor, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. The agent may remain with the workpiece or may be used
merely for heating, cooling, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for dyeing of a workpiece. |
| 82+, | for reactive gas or vapor treatment of a workpiece. |
| 129+, | for printing or coating a workpiece outside the
mold. |
| 178+, | for extrusion into a liquid bath. |
| 289.3, | for processes similar to those contained in this
subclass but without an extrusion step. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 375+ and 411+ for coated, e.g., lubricated,
etc., fibers and sheets, respectively, per se. |
|
| | |
| 210.4 | During or after final shape change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.3. Process wherein the application takes place during the final
shape change, e.g., by spraying with inert liquid while shrinking,
etc., or after the final shape change.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | for a process of shaping and after-treatment of
an article outside the shaping device without an extrusion step. |
| 289.6, | for processes similar to those contained in this
subclass but without an extrusion step. |
| 340+, | for nonshaping treatments, per se. |
|
| | |
| 210.5 | With temperature gradient across cross-section of workpiece
or heat treatment after all shaping: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process wherein a workpiece having its final shape is heated
or held at an elevated temperature, whether in or out of the mold;
or wherein the heating or cooling of a workpiece is nonuniform across
the cross-section of the workpiece, e.g., the edges of a moving
web are held at a temperature lower than the central portion, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 25+, | for a shaping or molding process wherein the workpiece
is heated by direct application of electrical or wave energy (e.g.,
infrared heat, etc.) to the work. |
| 234+, | and 235+, for other processes concerned
with after-heating. |
|
| | |
| 210.6 | With processing before extrusion or inclusion of additive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process wherein the workpiece is stated to contain a --material
not in itself plastic, e.g., a plasticizer, solvent, etc., or wherein
a step is performed upon the material which is to become the workpiece
before it is extruded, e.g., comminuting, adjusting viscosity, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for a process wherein a dye or dye former is included
in the extrudant. |
|
| | |
| 210.7 | Plural stretching steps or stages: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process wherein an extruded workpiece is subjected to stretching
by tension in more than one stage.
| | (1)
Note. Some criteria for determining when stretching occurs
in more than one stage are the following: (a) The interposition
of a nonstretching step, such as heating or shrinking between stretching steps,
during which step no stretching occurs. (b) An abrupt change of
stretching conditions, such as the tension force. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138+, | for a process wherein the stretching is followed
by removal of part of the workpiece. |
|
| | |
| 210.8 | Of filament: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process wherein the material extruded and reshaped is elongate
material having a width about equal to its thickness.
| | (1)
Note. The fibers may be individual monofilaments or may be
bundled together as a yarn or tow. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.7, | for filament extrusion plus stretching in a plurality
of stages. |
| 290.5+, | for filament stretching where no extrusion is claimed. |
|
| | |
| 211 | Utilizing added agent (e.g., flux, plasticizer, dispersing
agent, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes wherein the article forming material contains
and added (1) nonarticle forming agent or (2) agent chemically modifying
the article forming material.
| | (1)
Note. The added agent may be, for example, flux lubricant,
plasticizer, or a dispersing agent such as a small amount of solvent
insufficient to form a liquid solution thereof. | |
| | |
| 211.1 | Centripetal extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes wherein centripetal force is employed to convey
the article forming material.
| | (1)
Note. A method utilizing the normal force developed when
a visco-elastic material is sheared between a rotating plate and
a stationary plate, having a central orifice, to cause centripetal
flow of the material between the disc and orifice and issuance in
plasticized condition from the orifice is proper subject matter for
this subclass. | |
| | |
| 211.12 | Processing or treatment after extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes wherein the extruded material is subsequently
manipulated, reacted or otherwise processed after extrusion.
| | (1)
Note. Contain of the extend material with guides or windup
devices render a method proper for this subclass. | |
| | |
| 211.16 | Extractive fluid or effects reaction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.14. Processes wherein the fluid extracts a component of the
extrudate or effects a reaction in the extrudate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 82+, | for a process wherein a gas or vapor reacts chemically
with at least a portion of the extrudate. |
|
| | |
| 211.19 | Extactive fluid or effects reaction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 211.13. Processes wherein the fluid extracts a component of the
extrudate or effects a reaction in the extrudate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 82+, | for a process wherein a gas or vapor reacts chemically
with at least a portion of the extrudate. |
|
| | |
| 212 | By casting liquids on a solid supporting or shaping surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes wherein the indefinite length article is formed
by depositing forming material in liquid form on a solid forming
surface and solidifying the liquid to form the article.
| | (1)
Note. The use of a doctor knife to smooth the upper surface
of the cast liquid layer or to adjust the thickness thereof is considered
to be within the scope of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 175, | for processes wherein the article is formed between
a pair of pressure rolls or moving pressure surfaces. |
| 298, | for casting finite articles on a liquid forming
surface. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 224 for corresponding apparatus. |
|
| | |
| 213 | Utilizing surface parting, anti-stick or release agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes in which removal of the formed article from the
forming surface is facilitated by the use of anti-stick or adhesion
preventing materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130, | for application of an anti-stick or adhesion preventing
coating to a workpiece out of the mold. |
| 338, | for adhesion preventing coating of a mold is finite
length article production. |
|
| | |
| 214 | To form nonplanar article or surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes wherein the article formed is nonplanar.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are, for example, filaments and tubes
or films, webs and sheets which have at least one surface which
is nonplanar. | |
| | |
| 215 | By dipping the forming surface into the forming material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes wherein the forming surface is dipped or immersed
in a supply of liquid forming material to acquire the deposit of
the necessary layer of said material thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 301+, | for casting by accretion from bulk, e.g., subclass
305, for successive dipping steps into same material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 269+ for corresponding apparatus. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 430.1+ for processes of coating by immersion. |
|
| | |
| 216 | Rubber or synthetic resin containing liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes wherein the article forming material is rubber
or synthetic resin containing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 205+, | for extruding synthetic resin containing spinning
solutions with solidifying by evaporation of liquid solvent. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 1 , for a definition of "rubber or synthetic
resin". |
|
| | |
| 218 | Solidifying by applied reagent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Processes in which the cast article is precipitated, coagulated
or made self sustaining by a subsequent treatment while on the casting
surface either by an added reactant applied thereto or in a liquid
precipitating or coagulating body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 183+, | for article formation by extruding through a shaping
orifice into a reactive bath. |
| 307, | for processes including the treatment of accreted
material on a shaping surface with added agent or reactant. |
|
| | |
| 219 | WITH STEP OF MAKING MOLD OR MOLD SHAPING, PER SE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include the step of producing (1) a shaping
or molding device either as a, per se, operation by a method within
the definitions of this class or (2) in combination with a step
of employing said shaping or molding device in the production of
a molded product by a process classifiable in this class in which
latter instance the molding or shaping device may be formed by methods
provided for elsewhere.
| | (1)
Note. Patents reciting merely the application or formation
of mold linings on molding surfaces are not within the scope of
this subclass and are classified on some other bases. |
| | (2)
Note. Patents reciting processes for manufacturing or assembling
molds not specifically provided for herein are classified in various
other classes depending on the specific manufacturing step employed,
e.g., Class 29, Metal Working, Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous
Chemical Manufacture, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31+, | for processes of erecting molds and casting structural
installations in situ. |
| 337+, | for processes which employ specific mold materials
or specific mold coatings or linings. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 6+ for processes of making molds under the class definition. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 69 and 70 for processes of electroforming printing
plates, molds and the like. |
|
| | |
| 221 | With destruction of pattern or mold to dissociate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes in which the mold or a portion thereof is destroyed,
dissolved, or broken, so as to dissociate or release the formed
article therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 313, | for processes utilizing a flexible, deformable or
destructible molding surface or material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 423+ for processes employing transitory or temporary
material or parts. |
|
| | |
| 222 | Anatomical surface (i.e., using body area as an impression
pattern): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes wherein some portion of the body surface of an
animal is employed as a molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 16+, | for dental casting and molding. |
| 313+, | for processes employing a flexible deformable or
destructible molding surface or material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 2 for shaping apparatus utilizing an anatomical body
or portion thereof as a shaping surface. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 1 for processes of body member printing, e.g., fingerprinting. |
|
| | |
| 223 | Pedal: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Processes wherein the body surface is that of a foot or
leg. |
| | |
| 228 | FORMING STRESSED CONCRETE ARTICLES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a composite concrete article is formed
in which the concrete component is under compressive stress.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31, | for processes of forming stressed concrete during
in situ formation of a structural installation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 446+ and especially subclass 452 for forming stressed
concrete when the stressing element is applied to a self sustaining concrete
body. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 257 for the use of concrete in the containment of hazardous
or toxic waste. |
|
| | |
| 229 | PRESTRESSING SOLID BODY AND UNITING IN STRESSED CONDITION |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a solid body is placed under stress and
united to another body or mass of molded material while maintaining
said stressed condition. |
| | |
| 230 | UTILIZING HEAT RELEASABLE STRESS TO RESHAPE SOLID WORKPIECE
(E.G., ELASTIC MEMORY, ETC.): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a solid body is under stress and has such
stress removed by heat application with simultaneous reduction of
at least one dimension to return or attempt to return the body to
its original shape. |
| | |
| 231 | APPLYING TENSILE STRESS TO WORKPIECE DURING HEAT CURING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a molded or shaped article is held under
tensile stress during heat curing. |
| | |
| 232 | DISPARATE TREATMENT OF ARTICLE SUBSEQUENT TO WORKING, MOLDING,
OR SHAPING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the formed article is subjected to a
treatment after working, molding or shaping thereof, said treatment
being other than or different from that required to work, mold or
alter the shape of said article and performed after removal from
the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 39, | for the cleaning or polishing of apparatus. |
| 82, | for processes including treatment with reactive
gas or vapor. |
| 129+, | for printing or coating of the workpiece out of
the mold. |
| 195, | for subsequent chemical treatment of indefinite
length viscose articles and subclass 198 for mechanical treatment thereof. |
| 238, | for processes including a combined operation. |
| 307, | for processes of accretion from bulk including treatment
of the accreted material while on the form with an added agent or
reactant. |
| 344, | for processes of treating an article, per se, wherein
entrained, occluded or adsorbed material, e.g., liquids are removed
by application of heat or by solvent extraction. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for drying, per se, and see
the line set out in the definitions of this class. |
|
| | |
| 233 | Washing of article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Processes wherein said treatment is a liquid cleansing step
which removes impurities by a physical or solvent action of said
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 49, | for the dissolving out of solids to form a porous
product. |
| 344, | for, per se, removal of material which is occluded,
adsorbed on or dissolved in an article. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclasses 147+ for fluid treatment of artificial fibers, e.g.,
working, per se. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses as the generic home for cleaning
processes. |
|
| | |
| 234 | Effecting temperature change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Processes wherein the worked, shaped or molded material
is subjected to a positively applied heating or cooling step after
removal from the mold.
| | (1)
Note. Normal return of material to ambient temperature is
not sufficient to place a patent in this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Utilizing a support to maintain the shape of the molded
body after removal from the mold is within the scope of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 80, | for processes including a flame treatment. |
| 344, | for removal, per se, of entrained material from
an article by the application of heat. |
| 345, | for temperature changes applied to a shaped or solid
article, per se. |
|
| | |
| 235 | Annealing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Processes wherein said temperature variation is a heating
step for the purpose of annealing the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 346, | for processes of annealing a shaped or solid article. |
|
| | |
| 235.6 | After stretching running or indefinite length work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Process wherein the annealing is performed upon stretched
work of indefinite length or work which moves through the treatment
zone as it is being treated.
| | (1)
Note. The purpose of the treatment usually is to "heat
set" the crystalline orientation produced by the stretching operation. |
| | (2)
Note. The treatment is carried out at a tension (or lack
of tension) different from the tension which causes the stretching;
when performed at the same tension, the treatment is considered
to be treatment "within the mold" and is classified
with the stretching treatment. |
| | (3)
Note. Shrinking is considered a shape change; heat treatment
to shrink is not classified here; see subclass 289.6. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 181, | 198 and 210.1+, for extrusion and stretching
whether or not followed by heat treatment. |
| 288.4+, | and 291+, for stretching processes, per
se. |
|
| | |
| 235.8 | Biaxial stretching of film: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 235.6. Process in which the stretching which precedes the annealing
is performed in two perpendicular directions on planar material.
| | (1)
Note. Where all claims of a patent, classified herein, require
a post-stretching heat treatment, the patent is preferably not cross-referenced
to subclass 290.2. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 290.2, | for biaxial stretching of film, per se. |
|
| | |
| 236 | Completing vulcanization or polymerization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Processes wherein the applied temperature variation is for
the purpose of effecting a completion of vulcanization or polymerization
of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 347, | for processes of completing cure in a partially
cure shaped or solid article. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class 525,
subclasses 55+ for vulcanization of natural rubber. |
|
| | |
| 237 | Cooling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Processes wherein a positive cooling or refrigerating step
is applied to the material.
| | (1)
Note. Normal cooling of a heated material to ambient temperature
is not sufficient to place a patent in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 28, | for processes including a cooling or freezing step
of 0°C or below. |
| 348, | for cooling, per se, of a shaped or solid article. |
|
| | |
| 238 | COMBINED: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes combined with a step which is, per se, (1) not
provided for in this class and which (2) performs a function other
than that utilized to perfect the plastic molding, shaping or working
operations.
| | (1)
Note. "Perfecting" the operations of this class
include operations performed on the material or work piece in the
shaping means, handling of the material to present it to the shaping
means, compounding the material, and heating or cooling the material
or workpiece in or out of the mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | for processes including a subsequent disparate treatment
after working, molding or shaping. |
| 307, | for processes of accretion from bulk including treatment
of the accreted material with an added agent or reactant. |
| 319+, | for processes of applying heat combined with a shaping
step and see especially subclass 329 for processes of heating and
working prior to injection molding. |
| 345+, | for heating or cooling, per se. |
|
| | |
| 239 | MECHANICAL SHAPING OR MOLDING TO FORM OR REFORM SHAPED
ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for (1) making a self-sustaining solid article
or shape from a formless or flowable mass of material, or (2) altering
the configuration or at least one dimension of a solid self-sustaining
workpiece by the application of a distorting mechanical force thereto.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are patents to confining shaped preforms
between pressure surfaces and subjecting them to heat and pressure
even though no apparent shaping is involved, e.g., vulcanizing rubber articles
in a confining mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 340+, | for treating preforms without pressure means. |
|
| | |
| 240 | Separately introducing reacting materials into mold: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which at least two independent components of
a reactive system are combined at the shaping surface.
| | (1)
Note. For processes wherein a chemical reaction, blending
or mixing takes place in a mold in the absence of significant molding
operations, see the definitions of this class (264) which sets out
the line with the chemical composition classes. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 82+, | for processes which include utilizing a reactive
gas or vapor. |
| 183, | for processes of extruding into a reactive bath. |
| 301+, | accretion from bulk, for initially coating a form
with a coagulating material then a material to be coagulated or vice
versa. |
| 646, | for processes which include utilizing a reactive
atmosphere other than air, per se, during sintering to convert precursor
to ceramic materials. |
|
| | |
| 241 | To produce composite, plural part or multilayered article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which different materials, portions or parts
are brought into association and united by a mechanical shaping
or molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. For location in this subclass the product of such process
must be: (a) the result of joining preformed parts with reshaping
at the joining areas without destroying the identities of the preformed
parts, (b) the result of placing one preform in a mold and adding
fluent material, of different character or, (c) composed of clearly
defined layers or parts. Resin impregnated felted batts assembled
and pressed together to form a homogeneous article, for example, would
not be placed in this or indented subclasses unless the patent clearly
set forth that the product includes a line of demarcation between
the layers. Woven layers, however, by their very nature, maintain
their identity as layers when pressed together and would be included. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31+, | for processes of forming composite in situ installations. |
| 45+, | for composite article making including a pore-forming
step. |
| 112+, | for processes of forming stratified or layered articles
by uniting of discrete, bulk assembled particles. |
| 171.1+, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles which are transversely stratified or plural element
containing. |
| 305, | for processes in which a shaping surface is successively
dipped into the same material. |
| 642+, | for processes of forming a multilayered, impregnated,
or composite structured product by firing, sintering, or vitrifying
of a shaped inorganic preform outside of a mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 610.1+ for methods of making electrical resistors including
both molding and metal working. For the combination of molding
a preform plastic part followed by a mechanical assembly of the
part to another part see Class 29, subclasses 428+. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 36+ for fusion bonding of glass to a formed part. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
of forming composite structures by laminating. |
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 91+ for processes of forming composite articles by
metal casting. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 110 for composite article making apparatus comprising
a molding cavity and means to feed or support a preform. |
| 427, | Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes of forming
a composite article by a coating operation. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for layered or composite
articles not elsewhere provided for. |
|
| | |
| 242 | Joining parts for relative movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in which the product formed is composed for parts
united or joined by a shaping operation whereby said parts remain
mechanically movable relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding, for processes of forming a product having interconnected
movable parts by metal casting. |
|
| | |
| 243 | Bristled or tufted article making: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes directed to the production of bristle or tufted
articles wherein substantially parallel fibers or filaments are
fixed or positioned by a molding operation which causes a portion
of said fibers or filaments to be embedded in a plastic material
base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 72 for processes wherein tufts or piles are set or
embedded adhesively in or to a preformed backing. |
| 300, | Brush, Broom, and Mop Making, for brush or similar article forming procedures
which may include a molding step. |
|
| | |
| 245 | Multicolored surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in which the surface of the composite articles
has portions which are different in color than other surface portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for dyeing or incorporating dye susceptible material. |
| 139, | for mechanical removal of surface portions of a
composite to expose a substrate which can be of contrasting color
to the surface. |
|
| | |
| 247 | Positioning component in mold: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Processes in which the self-sustaining preform is placed
in, or relocated to, a particular position within a mold prior to
the compositing operation.
| | (1)
Note. A component, which at the time of compositing thereof,
lies undistributed adjacent a portion of the mold against which
it was formed, is not considered to be positioned in the mold for purpose
of this subclass, merely because other portions of the forming mold
have been altered to form the composite mold configuration. | |
| | |
| 248 | Fusion bonding of preformed bodies and shaping at joint
only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes wherein two plastically deformable self-sustaining
bodies are assembled and autogenously united at a joint area by
a shaping operation with plastic flow to reshape said bodies at
said joint area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 308.2+ and 324.4 for autogenous bonding of preforms, per
se, in which any plastic flow at the joining area is incidental
only to the joining operation and is not a shaping operation, per
se, see subclass 69 for application of and closures to containers wherein
there may be autogenous bonding at the joining area, and subclass
292 for joining preforms at edges with opposed surfaces out of contact. |
|
| | |
| 249 | Mechanically securing parts together by reshaping joint
portion only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in which two self-sustaining preforms are locked
or mechanically united together by a local reshaping of at least
one of the preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 273, | for processes of embedding a porous preform in a
molding material with the molding material extending through the
holes in the preform. |
| 274, | embedding a preform in a molding material wherein
said preform is provided with means to form a mechanical interlock
with the shaped material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for mechanical joining, per
se, or obtaining a mechanical interlock by metal reshaping. |
|
| | |
| 250 | By separately molding different article portions: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in which at least two different materials, portions
or parts making up the composite article are separately molded or
shaped.
| | (1)
Note. Sequential pouring of plastic material layers of differing
compositions or physical properties so as to form a composite article
in the same mold is considered separate molding for purposes of
this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 31+, | for processes of sequentially molding different
portions of an in situ structure. |
| 308, | for sequential pouring of the same material or incremental
molding of the same material to form a homogeneous body. |
|
| | |
| 252 | Molding portions along sheet edge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Processes in which the base is a sheet, film, web or batt
and the molded portions are confined to and extend along an edge
of such base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171.1+, | for forming continuous or indefinite length composite
or layered articles. |
|
| | |
| 255 | Sequential formation of portion on same mold or a preform
surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Processes in which the same mold or confining means is used
to retain the molding material during the formation of the different
article portions.
| | (1)
Note. Incremental molding or dip casting of different materials
in or on the same mold is within the scope of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129+, | for molding processes including a coating step preformed
prior or subsequent to the molding and outside of the mold. |
| 301+, | for sequential formation of layers of the same material
on a mold by a accretion from bulk. |
| 308, | for sequential layer formations of the same material. |
|
| | |
| 257 | One component is a fibrous or textile sheet, web, or batt: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes wherein one component of said composite article
is a fibrous or textile sheet, web or batt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar operations which include coating or
impregnating of a self-sustaining batt sheet or filament. |
| 244, | for processes of uniting shoe parts to upper in
which one part is a textile sheet or batt. |
| 252, | for the molding of a material against a textile
base in the forming of separable fasteners. |
|
| | |
| 259 | Shaping material and uniting to a preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in which a molding material is shaped or formed
against a preform and said shaped material remains united with the
preform to constitute a composite article.
| | (1)
Note. Where the preform and the shaping material are the
same composition so that the product is homogeneous and cannot be
called composite, the patent will not be placed herein but will
be classified in the appropriate subclass based on the manipulative
steps involved. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18, | for processes of forming a denture base against
preformed teeth. |
| 30, | for processes of uniting a furnace lining material
to a furnace wall. |
| 228, | for shaping concrete and uniting to a preform self-sustaining
body, (stressed concrete type). |
| 308, | for incremental layer molding of the same material. |
|
| | |
| 261 | Uniting spaced preforms, by introducing fluent material
therebetween: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which two distinct preformed bodies with opposing
surfaces are positioned in a spaced relationship with each other
and a fluent molding material at least partially fills the space
between the preforms said molding material acting to unite the preforms
and being contained at least in part by said preform surfaces.
| | (1)
Note. The fluent material here is introduced primarily for
the purpose of filling or partially filling the space between the preforms,
with any material which extends beyond the space between the preforms
being of insufficient quantity to cover or embed the preforms except, at
most, in the areas immediately adjacent the space between the preforms. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 277, | for processes wherein plural spaced bodies are embedded
in or surrounded by shaping material in which the shaping material,
while it may function to unite the plural shaped bodies, does more
than merely fill the spaces therebetween, but also gives the final article
its outer shape or structure, at least in part. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for processes laminating
by placing adhesive between preforms and then uniting. |
|
| | |
| 262 | Concentric preforms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Processes in which the bodies have a common center.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 294 for uniting a core within a tube where the elements
are not maintained in a spaced relationship. |
|
| | |
| 263 | To unite independent contacting preforms: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which the shaping of material is on or about
at least two contacting preforms, said shaped material functioning
also to unite said preforms.
| | (1)
Note. Patents will be placed herein even though a) a temporary
uniting means for the preforms is disclosed to be present during
the shaping or molding of the material or b) a permanent mechanical joining
of the preforms is disclosed to be present. | |
| | |
| 264 | Preventing adherence of shaped material to preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which at least part of the surface of the body
is treated or covered to prevent the adherence of the subsequently
applied material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 290+ for bonding of facing continuously contacting laminae
at spaced points only. |
|
| | |
| 265 | Conditioning or treatment of preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which the preformed body is acted upon in a
step separate and distinct from the shaping or forming step to (1)
perfect the shaping operation or (2) assist in the uniting of the body
and the shaping material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 134+, | for coating or impregnating a preformed body before
a composite molding operation. |
| 228, | and 229, for applying a stress to a body before
compositing. |
|
| | |
| 266 | Simultaneously shaping material and reshaping preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which a preformed self-sustaining body undergoes
a reshaping simultaneously with the shaping of a material and the
uniting thereof to the reshaped preform.
| | (1)
Note. To be included herein the self-sustaining body must
remain substantially self-sustaining during the reshaping operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for processes in which the
preform is a metal. |
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 106 for metal compositing operation wherein the cast
metal reshapes a preform. |
|
| | |
| 267 | Against inner surface of hollow preform : |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which shaping material is molded against and
united to at least a portion of the inner surface of an aperture,
cavity or hollow contained in a preform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 293 for inserting of a lamina in a recess and adhesion
to side walls thereof. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 230+ for processes of coating the interior of a hollow
article. |
|
| | |
| 268 | Cap or cup-like preform (e.g., container closure, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Processes in which the hollow body is relatively thin walled,
the end and side walls of said body form a cap or cup-like shape.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 69 for the application of end closures to containers,
and subclass 62 for closure cap lining by cutting and laminating. |
|
| | |
| 269 | Cavity lining type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Processes in which the molding material is shaped and applied
so as to constitute a lining or covering layer for substantially
the entire inner surface of the cavity or aperture of said hollow
body. |
| | |
| 270 | Utilizing centrifugal force (e.g., pipe lining, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Processes which includes the use of centrifugal force to
aid in the application of the lining.
| | (1)
Note. Many of the patents classified herein pertain to pipe
lining. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101, | for the use of centrifugal force in the formation
of particulate material. |
| 114, | for the use of centrifugal force in the uniting
of bulk assembled particles. |
| 311, | for the use of centrifugal force in the mold shaping
of plastic material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 114+ for processes of centrifugal metal casting and
subclasses 286+ for corresponding apparatus particularly
subclass 288 for means to hold or position preformed product. |
|
| | |
| 271.1 | Preform embedded in or surrounded by shaped material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in which the preformed self-sustaining body has
molding material shaped about it so that said body is surrounded
by or embedded in said molding material.
| | (1)
Note. Shaping of a molding material to a planar surface only
if a preform is not within the scope of this subclass. To be placed
herein, the patent must include confining the preform in two dimensions thereof
with the shaping material so as to embed or surround the preform. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 35, | for processes of forming structural installations
in situ in which molding material is shaped around and united to
a core or preform. |
|
| | |
| 272.11 | Electrical component encapsulating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 271.1. Processes in which the surrounded or embedded body, or at
least a part thereof, is intended for use as component of an electrical
circuit.
| | (1)
Note. To be included here the component must be one which
controls the electricity, for example, a coil, condenser, or rectifier,
and not merely a conductor insulator or outlet, etc. Processing
of covering conductors, etc., are classified according to the manipulative step
employed. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 104, | for processes of producing electrical article by
shaping conductive materials. |
| 171.1+, | for extrusion of plastic material around strandlike
or filamentlike preforms which may be electrical conductors. |
| 614+, | for other processes of producing electrical articles
which include a step of firing shaped articles or preforms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working, particularly
subclass 841 for encapsulation following the assembly of an
electrical device to an insulative base and subclasses 855+ for
encapsulation combined with assembly of a terminal or elongated conductor
directly to an electrical component. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 51 for covering of indefinite-length conductors with
nonpreformed material. See the search notes to subclass 47 under
(12) Note, Coating, Covering and Sheathing. |
| 174, | Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclass 521 for embedded electrical components. |
| 257, | Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes),
subclasses 100 , 433, 434, and 787-796 for encapsulated active
solid-state electronic devices. |
| 310, | Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 43 for embedded electrical generator or motor structure. |
| 336, | Inductor Devices,
subclasses 96 and 205 for embedded inductor devices. |
| 338, | Electrical Resistors,
subclasses 226+ for embedded electrical resistors. |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 600+ for encapsulated plural electrical components. |
| 438, | Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, particularly
subclasses 112 , 124, and 127 for methods of encapsulating semiconductor
devices; see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 272.16 | Transducer, or electric lamp or space discharge device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes in which the component encapsulated is adapted
to convert mechanical to electrical energy by electromagnetism or
the component is an electric lamp or electric space discharge device.
| | (1)
Note. Electric space discharge devices are defined for the
purpose of classification as including any device which is intended
to have an electric current flow between two spaced electrodes,
at least part of the path followed by the discharge being constituted
by a gas, vapor, or vacuum. Electric space discharge devices, therefore,
include spark gaps, spark plugs, radio tubes, X-ray tubes, cathode-ray
tubes, gas or vapor discharge lamps and lighting arresters of the
electric space discharge type. | |
| | |
| 275 | Positioning or maintaining position of preform relative
to mold surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes which include a provision for locating a preformed
body in a specific position in a mold or maintaining such a position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 247, | for processes of positioning a preform in a mold
and molding a different color material against the preform. |
| 254, | for positioning by holding the body against a shaping
surface while molding, then molding against the body while positioning
by holding the previously shaped materials. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 112 for processes of positioning a preform in metal
compositing processes. |
|
| | |
| 276 | Preventing flash: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes in which a parting line fin or flash excess plastic
material is prevented from forming or reduced by the particular
positioning of the body in the mold. |
| | |
| 277 | Maintaining preforms in spaced relationship: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes in which a plurality of bodies spaced from each
other during a molding operation are embedded in or surrounded by
said shaping material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 261, | for processes in which molding material is introduced
only in the space between plural preform surfaces with no more than
a slight excess or overflow, said molding material being contained
at least in part by the preform surfaces and serving to unite said
preforms. |
|
| | |
| 278 | By removable means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes which include the utilization of positioning means
which may be withdrawn from the mold before separation of the composite article
from the mold or removed from the composite body subsequent to separation thereof
from the mold. |
| | |
| 280 | Reshaping running or indefinite-length work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which the work that is mechanically shaped
or molded by a physically applied force to deform, is a preform
and of running or indefinite length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 165+, | for formation of indefinite length articles combined
with subsequent treatments especially subclass 210 with stretching
or deforming. |
| 347, | for curing of indefinite length materials out of
a mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 117 for die reshaping of a waterlaid web or sheet. |
|
| | |
| 281 | Longitudinally advanced coiling (nonplanar): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes directed to production of helically coiled articles
wherein each convolution of said coil is axially displaced from
adjoining convolutions.
| | (1)
Note. Patents reciting winding in place with no axial displacement
or wherein each convolution is entirely superimposed over the preceding
one are excluded from this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 169+ and 184+ particularly subclass 195, for
winding combined with laminating or uniting. |
|
| | |
| 282 | Creping or crinkling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes wherein the reshaping takes the form of creping
or crinkling.
| | (1)
Note. Including in this subclass are, for example, crowding
the work back on itself to induce it to wrinkle, and crushing the
work to produce random permanent distortions. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass does not include corrugating, per se,
within its scope. See search notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 168, | for indefinite length forming and crimping. |
| 284, | for corrugating, per se, of an indefinite or running
length web. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 26, | Textiles: Cloth Finishing,
subclass 18.6 for compressive shrinking. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 183 for creping, wrinkling or crinkling combined with
a laminating step. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 111+ for processes of creping or crinkling a waterlaid
web or sheet. |
|
| | |
| 283 | By doctoring from drum |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Processes wherein the creping, crinkling or wrinkling is
effected by means of a doctoring implement applied to a drum carrying
the web wherein said web is reshaped accordingly and removed from
the drum. |
| | |
| 284 | Deforming the surface only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes which the surface configuration only of the workpiece
is altered by raising bosses or protuberances thereon or causing
surface portions to be depressed below the plane of the workpiece
surface.
| | (1)
Note. Where a surface only is altered by a cutting, scribing
or plowing only, and no material is removed or separated therefrom
through these operations, the patent will be placed herein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138+, | for processes involving a severing or material removal
operation. |
| 293, | for processes including an embossing step on nonrunning
length material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 101, | Printing,
subclass 32 for embossing processes there provided for. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 209 and 219+ for embossing combined with a
laminating step. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 319+ for shaping apparatus comprising the combination
of means to form a preform and means to convolute or twist the preform,
subclasses 323+ for pretzel bending apparatus and subclass
383 for a molding apparatus including means to reshape a preform. |
|
| | |
| 285 | Bending: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes in which a portion of a workpiece is moved and
permanently distorted throughout its entire thickness relative to
a second portion during which the thickness of the workpiece remains
substantially the same and no significant plastic flow occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 339, | for bending or twisting articles or workpieces. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 196+ for bending when combined with a laminating step. |
|
| | |
| 286 | Corrugating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Processes in which the bending involves forming a web with
a cross-section having alternate ridges and grooves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 339, | for bending or twisting of definite length articles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 202+ and 205+ for corrugating of indefinite
length work combined with a laminating operation and 210 for corrugating
and laminating to a noncorrugated lamina. |
|
| | |
| 287 | And subsequent reshaping of corrugated material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Processes wherein a reshaping step is performed on sheet
material which has been corrugated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294+, | for plural sequential shaping or molding steps. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 207 for deformation of corrugated laminae and or laminates. |
|
| | |
| 288.4 | Stretching by applying tension: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Process in which the reshaping is performed by pulling an
end or edge of the workpiece and the workpiece is elongated in the
direction of the tension application.
| | (1)
Note. Tension applied merely to hold the work extended or
taut is not considered to be within the scope of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 210.1+, | for stretching combined with extrusion. |
| 291+, | for stretching or stretch forming, per se, applied
to other than running or indefinite-length work. |
| 500+, | for processs where reshaping uses fluid pressure,
e.g., blowing, etc. |
| 555+, | for reshaping running length work by such a procedure. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 229 for stretching combined with a laminating step. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 172+ for a process of coating running or indefinite-length
work combined with stretching or tensioning. |
|
| | |
| 288.8 | Nonuniform product (e.g., porous, etc., or with tensioning
before application of heat): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process including a step of applying tension to a workpiece
before the workpiece is heated, e.g., "prestretching",
etc., or wherein the process results in an article or running length
differing from a uniform and uniform-appearing fiber, tow, or film
in a specified way, whether the variation be desired or undesired,
e.g., knots, color variations, etc.
| | (1)
Note. The process may produce the variations or may tend
to minimize variations in the original workpiece. |
| | (2)
Note. The tensioning may or may not result in a change of
shape (cold-stretching). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41+, | for a process which includes pore-forming in situ. |
| 103, | for a process which includes formation of a textile
fabric. |
| 154, | for a process where stretching itself causes pores
to be formed. |
| 287, | for a process in which a film is corrugated and
the corrugations are minimized or eliminated by later stretching. |
|
| | |
| 289.3 | With treatment other than heating before stretching: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process wherein the workpiece is treated by other than heat
before tension for stretching is applied, e.g., pressure treatment,
fluid treatment, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for a process which includes dyeing of the workpiece. |
| 82+, | for a process which includes reactive gas or vapor
treatment of the workpiece. |
| 103, | for a process which includes textile fabric formation. |
| 138+, | for a process in which a portion of the workpiece
is modified to aid the stretching procedure and the modified portion
is later removed from the stretched workpiece. |
|
| | |
| 289.6 | With shrinking or with liquid contact during or after stretching: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process wherein a liquid material, e.g., a sizing or heat
exchange material, etc., makes direct contact with the workpiece
during the stretching operation or after the stretching operation, or
wherein the process includes a step in which stretching tension
is reduced, allowing a dimension of the workpiece to decrease.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | for a process wherein a workpiece is dyed. |
| 129+, | for a process wherein the workpiece is coated, outside
the mold, that is, when not under stretching conditions. |
| 289.3, | for a process in which liquid contact or shrinking
takes place before any stretching. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 375+ and 411+ for coated, e.g., lubricated,
etc., fibers and sheets, respectively, per se. |
|
| | |
| 290.2 | Biaxial or transverse to travel direction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process wherein a moving workpiece is stretched in a direction
at right angles to its direction of movement or in which a stationary, indefinite-length
work-piece is stretched in two perpendicular directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138+, | for a process wherein stretching is followed by
removal of part of the workpiece. |
| 235.8, | for a process wherein biaxial stretching of a film
is followed by heat-setting. When all of the claims of a patent
include the heat setting step, the patent is preferably not cross-referenced
to this subclass. |
|
| | |
| 290.5 | Of filament: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process wherein the workpiece is one having a width and
thickness of small and about equal dimensions.
| | (1)
Note. The filament may be a monofilament or a tow or yarn,
etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 289.6, | for filament stretching where a shrinking is included
in the process. |
|
| | |
| 290.7 | Including contact with mechanism in stretch path (e.g.,
snubbing, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 290.5. Process wherein the fiber, besides contact with the two
essential mechanisms which cause the tension application and define
the stretch path, contacts also a third solid object arranged between
the two essential mechanisms.
| | (1)
Note. The third object often, but not always, serves the
purpose of defining the necking point of the fiber during stretching. | |
| | |
| 291 | Stretching or stretch forming: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes wherein external tension is applied to a self-sustaining
body so as to effectively increase at least one surface dimension
thereof or otherwise reshape the body by extending it beyond the
elastic limit.
| | (1)
Note. Incidental stretching which occurs in the normal reshaping
of a workpiece between dies is not considered sufficient to place
a patent in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 2, | for processes of forming polarizing sheets by a
stretching step. |
| 88+, | for tensional deformation of self-sustaining bodies
generated by direct application of fluid pressure or vacuum to work
or molding material. |
| 288, | for stretching of running length work. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 171+ for processes of coating combined with stretching
or tensioning. |
|
| | |
| 292 | By drawing over a form: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Processes wherein the workpiece is forced to assume the
shape of a form by said stretching of the workpiece over the form
and into contact therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 90+, | for stretch forming with vacuum. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 212 for bending, drawing or stretching forming of a
sheet to assume shape of a configured lamina while in contact therewith. |
|
| | |
| 293 | Deforming the surface only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which the surface configuration only of the
workpiece is altered by raising bosses or protuberances thereon
or causing surface portions to be depressed below the plane of the
workpiece surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 106+, | for embossing a preform to provide surface sound
grooves. |
| 138+, | for processes including a cutting operation. |
| 284, | for embossing of a running or indefinite length
work and see the notes thereto. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 101, | Printing,
subclasses 3.1+ for embossing processes there provided for. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 209 and 219+ for surface deformation or embossing
combined with a laminating operation. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 385 for a preform reshaping means comprising a surface
deformation means only. |
|
| | |
| 294 | Plural sequential shaping or molding steps on same workpiece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes which include plural molding or shaping steps
said steps being distinct, separate and sequential.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are processes in which a similar type
of molding, which may differ in magnitude or direction is applied
in plural steps to the same portion of the article. |
| | (2)
Note. See appropriate subclasses in this class and the search
notes below in particular for processes which involve incremental
molding or accretion from bulk, e.g., successive dip casting, and those
operations which involve repetition to give an overall unitary effect, e.g.,
sequential corrugation, stepwise elongation of successive portions
of an article or bending a sheet in steps to form a U-shape. |
| | (3)
Note. Where a patent may recite a preliminary "extrusion" prior
to a molding operation where said "extrusion" is
disclosed to be for the purpose of mixing, agitating or controlling
or directing a stream of liquid or plastic material enroute to the
molding means, rather than for shaping by extrusion, said "extrusion" will
not be considered a diverse molding step for purpose of this subclass
but will be classified on some other basis. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 88+, | for plural forming steps wherein one Is by a fluid
pressure differential. |
| 285+, | for processes of bending or corrugating indefinite
length work. |
| 301+, | particularly subclass 305 for processes involving
accretion from bulk. |
| 308, | for processes which include incremental molding. |
| 339, | for bending or twisting of work. |
|
| | |
| 295 | Molding followed by bending or twisting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Processes wherein the plural steps comprise at least one
molding step followed by at least one bending or twisting operation
in which (a) a portion of a workpiece is moved throughout its entire
thickness relative to a second portion during which the thickness
of the workpiece remains substantially the same and no significant
plastic flow occurs or (b) there is distortion of a single solid
body by relative movement of its parts about a common axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 98+, | for a pneumatic shaping pressure applied to the
inside of a hollow work following preliminary extrusion of a blank
or blank portion. |
| 103, | for twisting of plural elements about each other. |
| 339, | for distortion by twisting, per se. |
|
| | |
| 297.1 | Forming plural articles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes which include forming a plurality of separate
and distinct articles either simultaneously or sequentially.
| | (1)
Note. To be placed in this subclass, the articles formed
must not be particulate in nature, that is, of such a size that
the formed particles can be handled in bulk only. For formation
of particulate material from a liquid or molten mass, see the search
note below. |
| | (2)
Note. The fact that the apparatus used in the process may
be capable of continuous operation thus forming plural articles,
for example, injection molding devices, is not sufficient to place
a patent in this and the indented subclasses. To be placed in this
array the patent must claim the process of forming plural articles. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for formation of particulate material directly from
a molten or liquid mass. |
| 157+, | where plural articles are produced by cutting operations. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 249, | Static Molds,
subclasses 119+ for molds for forming plural products. |
|
| | |
| 297.4 | Forming multiple stacked or nested articles or including
multilayer pressing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes in which a plurality of articles are shaped by
performing a forming operation on a stack or nest of preforms or
in which a single press couple acts on a stack of shaping members.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes a process of forming a chain
or article articulated in a chainlike manner as a nested article. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass also includes the use of parting material
in a stack of preforms to be shaped. | |
| | |
| 297.5 | Reshaping or treatment of a preform (e.g., vulcanizing,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes in which a preform is reshaped or subjected to
chemical or physical treatment after shaping.
| | (1)
Note. The reshaping processes provided for herein typically
reshape part of a preform such as belling the end of a length of
pipe or vulcanize a group of preforms. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294+, | for plural sequential shaping steps preformed on
a workpiece. |
|
| | |
| 297.7 | With linear movement of the molds: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297.6. Processes in which the moving surface carries the molds
in a straight line.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for molds mounted on belts.
Subclass 297.6 will provide for molds carried by a turntable. | |
| | |
| 298 | By casting on a liquid surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which the article forming material is shaped
by casting or depositing the material on a liquid body the surface
of which acts as the shaping means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 88, | for direct application of fluid pressure to a workpiece
or molding material. |
| 165+, | for formation of continuous or indefinite length
articles by casting on a liquid surface. |
| 212+, | for formation of continuous or indefinite length
articles by casting on a solid supporting or shaping surface. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 81 for processes of metal casting on a liquid shaping
surface. |
|
| | |
| 299 | Shaping against forming surface (e.g., casting, die shaping,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which (1) fluent or plastic material is caused
to flow to assume the configuration of a solid shaping surface in
contact therewith, or (2) solid material is forced against a shaping surface
by pressure means opposed thereto.
| | (1)
Note. Vulcanizing between pressure surfaces or in a shape
retaining cavity is considered to involved "mold shaping" for
the purpose of this subclass and those indented hereunder. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for shaping glass. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for corresponding apparatus, see
especially
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion shaping apparatus, subclasses
383+ for molding apparatus for reshaping a preform, subclasses
406+ for a press molding machine, and subclasses 425+ for
a molding machine utilizing mold motion to shape or to compact. |
|
| | |
| 301 | Accretion from bulk: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in which the molding material is applied in bulk
to the molding surface causing a relatively small proportion to
be deposited or adhered to the molding surface followed by relatively
separating the mold form with the adhering material from the remaining
bulk.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes, for example, pouring molding
material into a mold and pouring out the excess which does not cling
to the mold walls or dipping a mold form into the molding material
and removal of said form therefrom with a coating of said material
adhered to the molding surface. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 215, | for processes of forming indefinite length or continuous
articles wherein the molding surface, e.g., belt or wheel, dips
into the molding material. |
| 308, | for incremental molding processes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 228+ for processes of accreting from a bulk supply of
pulp suspension. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 430.1+ for processes of coating by immersion and see the
class definition of Class 264 at section II F for the line between Classes
264 and 427. |
|
| | |
| 302 | Slush casting type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes wherein the molding material is poured or placed
in the mold and the excess material not deposited, gelled or coagulated
on the mold surface is removed to leave a relatively thin deposit
or layer on the inner walls of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 310, | for processes wherein a material is rotationally
cast without excess material removal. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 77 for processes of slush casting of metals. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 433 for slush molding in molds peripherally supported
on an endless belt and subclass 435 for other slush molding apparatus. |
|
| | |
| 304 | Facilitating removal of article from form: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes which include a step which facilitates removal
of the formed article from the mold or forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 334+, | for casting ejecting, core or mold stripping or
separating. |
|
| | |
| 305 | Successive dipping steps into same material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes wherein the accretion of the material is in plural
separate stages by separate dippings into a source or supply of
the same molding material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 215, | for processes of forming indefinite length or continuous
articles wherein the shaping surface, e.g., endless belt or wheel
is dipped into the molding material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 269+ for corresponding apparatus. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 430.1+ for processes of coating by immersion, and see
Class 264 class definition at section II F. |
|
| | |
| 306 | Conditioning or treating material or form to effect deposition: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes in which the deposition or accretion of the molding
material on the mold is facilitated or effected by a separate treatment
or conditioning of the material or the mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 471+ for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic coating
or forming of an object. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 133+ for processes of coating a mold. |
|
| | |
| 307 | Treating accreted material on form with added agent or
reactant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes wherein the accreted or deposited material is
subsequently treated while still on the form with an added agent
or reactant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 195, | for subsequent chemical treatment of indefinite
length viscose articles. |
| 218, | for processes including a subsequent treatment of
a cast carbohydrate containing layer with a reactant or coagulating
agent. |
| 232, | for processes which include a subsequent disparate
treatment of an article out of the mold. |
| 340+, | for treatment, per se, of shaped articles. |
|
| | |
| 308 | Incremental layer molding type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in which the same material is applied in multiple,
sequential charges in or on the same mold or molding surface, or
on the surface of a previously deposited or formed layer of the
same material, the formed article resulting therefrom being homogeneous
and unitary in structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171.1+, | for stratified or layered indefinite length article
forming. |
| 241+, | for forming composite, plural part or multilayered
articles. |
|
| | |
| 309 | Spraying or flinging material against a shaping surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in which the molding material is propelled forcibly
through space in either compacted bulk form, or discrete form, to
thereby impinge against and collect in or on a molding or shaping
surface or means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | for processes of lining a furnace by spraying or
flinging material against a surface. |
| 91, | for vacuum depositing bulk particles. |
| 98+, | for formation of solid particulate material directly
from a molten or liquid mass which may involve forcible impingement
of a liquid on a surface. |
| 109+, | for formation of articles by adhesive uniting of
particulate nonmetallic material. |
|
| | |
| 310 | By rotation of material or material shaping member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in which rotating motion is imparted to the material
being shaped or to the mold or mold shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 68, | for rotation to produce frictional heat. |
| 69+, | for processes which pertain to agitating by plural
sequential rotations in reverse directions. However, such patents
should be crosses herein where applicable depending on the time
of duration of said rotation periods in one direction. |
| 175, | for processes of forming indefinite length articles
by a calendering operation between endless shaping surfaces, e.g.,
belts or wheels. |
|
| | |
| 311 | Utilizing centrifugal force: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Processes which include the generation of a centrifugal
force which is applied to the molding material, the effect of said
centrifugal force being manifested in the shaping, distribution
or maintenance of said molding material in the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 8, | for formation of particulate material from a liquid
or molten mass by means of centrifugal force. |
| 114, | for use of centrifugal force in formation of articles
by uniting of bulk assembled particles. |
| 176, | for centrifugal spinning of filaments or fibers. |
| 270, | for processes of lining a mold cavity employing
centrifugal force. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 114+ for processes of centrifugally casting metals. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 425 for a molding machine utilizing mold motion to
distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold. |
|
| | |
| 313 | Utilizing a flexible, deformable, or destructable molding
surface or material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in which the mold or mold surface is flexible,
resilient, deformable or may be collapsed or destroyed to facilitate
removal or separation of the molded article from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 219+, | where the flexible or deformable mold surface is
anatomical. |
| 318, | for processes for making undercut articles in rigid
molds. |
| 334+, | for processes directed to casting, ejecting, core
or mold stripping, or separating of articles from molds or shaping
devices and see the search notes thereto. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 423+ for processes employing transitory or temporary
material or parts. |
|
| | |
| 315 | Toroidal mold bag: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes in which said inflatable element is toroidal in
shape.
| | (1)
Note. A toroidal shape is that generated by a closed planar
figure when rotated about an axis lying in the same plane therewith
and outside the figure. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 326, | for reshaping toroidal shaped work in a closed mold
cavity. |
|
| | |
| 316 | Utilizing sheet-like material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Processes wherein a flexible or resilient sheet or web is
employed as a mold or mold surface or as a separate mold liner.
| | (1)
Note. Tubes or casings or other hollow articles regardless
of length are not considered to be sheets or webs for purposes of
this subclass and are excluded herefrom. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 338, | for mold coatings or linings, per se, or specific
materials. |
|
| | |
| 317 | Removing mold by destruction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Processes in which the mold or mold surface is destroyed
to facilitate removal thereof from the molded material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41+, | particularly subclasses 44 and 49 for destruction
of entrained bodies to form a porous body. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 155 for destruction of transitory material when combined
with a laminating operation. |
|
| | |
| 318 | Molding trapped undercut article portion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes directed to the molding of articles of such irregular
shape in rigid molds that portions of said articles and corresponding
portions of the mold are in the relationship of an interference
fit in that removal of said article from the mold cannot be accomplished
be a straight line or unidirectional motion, except where the trapped
portions of the article are at least temporarily flexible, elastic
or resilient so as not to be broken or deformed from the desired
shape by the confining portions of the mold if a straight line removal
from the mold is employed.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass will not take patents reciting the molding
of articles which may have trapped undercut surfaces in the mold
but which by specific mold structure may be removed therefrom in
a straightline or unidirectional motion. However, this subclass
will take processes of forming articles of curved shapes in a rigid
mold from which the shaped articles may be withdrawn without interference
from the mold by a nonlinear motion corresponding to the curvature
of said article such as the formation of threaded articles removed
by an "unscrewing" operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 313+, | for processes employing a flexible, deformable or
destructible molding surface or material. |
| 336, | for processes of ejecting, stripping or separating
formed articles from the mold before a full set or cure has taken
place. |
|
| | |
| 320 | Reshaping solid work or introducing solid work into mold
cavity: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in which the material shaped is (1) a self-sustaining
preform throughout the reshaping operation or (2) is a self-sustaining
preform when placed into a mold.
| | (1)
Note. Solid particulate molding material which is handled
or charged to the mold as a fluent mass is not included within the
scope of this and indented subclasses, however, solid particles
or pieces which are placed, handled, or charged individually are
considered self-sustaining preforms or bodies for purposes of this
and indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 107, | for reshaping a solid preform to form sound grooves
on its surface. |
| 112, | for spheroidizing or rounding of particles in absence
of a mold or shaping surface. |
| 230, | for reshaping of a solid preform by heating to release
stress, e.g., elastic memory. |
|
| | |
| 321 | Sponge-like or foamed work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes wherein said work is of a sponge-like or foamed
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41+, | for molding or shaping combined with the step of
pore forming in situ. |
| 324, | for processes for shaping a woven or felted sheet. |
|
| | |
| 322 | Initially softening workpiece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in which the solid workpiece is subjected to a
treatment prior to reshaping for the purpose of decreasing its rigidity
or hardness.
| | (1)
Note. The treatment may be, for example, heating, moistening,
or solvent application. |
| | (2)
Note. Preliminary softening of the workpiece by liquid impregnation
within the scope of this subclass differs from coating or impregnating
the workpiece before molding or shaping as provided for by subclasses
134+ in that the impregnation in the present subclass is transitory
and that of subclasses 134+ in a permanent component of
the article formed. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 340, | for treatments, per se, of preformed articles which
are directed to or included softening operations. |
|
| | |
| 323 | Sliding motion between material and mold surface (extruding
finite articles) |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in which the reshaping of a solid preform is effected
by establishing a rubbing, wiping or sliding action between the
preform and a shaping surface.
| | (1)
Note. Included within the scope of the subclass is pressing
a preform between mold surfaces and causing the preformed material
to be reshaped and spread along the mold surfaces into an unconfined area.
When such an operation is caused by striking the preform with a
shaping element causing the material to be extruded out between
the shaping surfaces the process is usually referred to as impact
extrusion. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 165+, | for formation of continuous or indefinite length
articles by extrusion methods. |
| 325, | for processes of reshaping a preform in a closed
mold cavity. |
|
| | |
| 324 | Woven or felted sheet-form work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in which the work being shaped is a felted fibrous
sheet or a woven textile sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136+, | for coating or impregnating a self sustaining batt,
sheet of filament and then reshaping. |
| 257+, | for producing a composite, plural part or multilayered
article in which one component is a fibrous or textile sheet, web
or batt. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 62.2+ for forming and laminating one or more webs or
batts by adhesive bonding and subclasses 196+ for reshaping
followed by laminating. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 223 for processes of reshaping a felted waterlaid product. |
|
| | |
| 325 | Utilizing closed mold cavity: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in which the solid work or molding material, within
the confines of a closed mold cavity, is caused to take the shape
of the interior of said mold cavity by a plastic flow of said work
or molding material.
| | (1)
Note. A mold cavity is considered closed for purposes of
this subclass if it engages all of the exterior product surfaces
being formed or reshaped. Spaces between mold parts or small openings
in said parts will not exclude a mold cavity from this subclass
even though some molding material is forced from the mold cavity
through such spaces and openings. | |
| | |
| 326 | Toroidal work (e.g., tire, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Processes wherein the article produced has a toroidal shape.
| | (1)
Note. For a definition of "toroidal" see this
class, subclass 315 and note thereto. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315, | where the pressure or heat is applied by means of
a toroidal inflated bag. |
|
| | |
| 327 | Differential heating or cooling in mold: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes wherein different degrees of heating or cooling
are positively applied simultaneously to the article or molding
material, or different portions thereof, while said article is still
in the mold.
| | (1)
Note. To be placed herein a patent should recite a positively
applied temperature differential. Normal heating or cooling to
ambient temperatures, for example, wherein an article may be cooler
at the surface temporarily than at the core, is not sufficient to
place a patent herein. |
| | (2)
Note. Maintaining a uniform temperature of the product by
the nonuniform application or removal of product heat is classified
herein. | |
| | |
| 328.14 | With heating or cooling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in which a positive step of increasing or decreasing
the temperature is carried out.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not include merely cooling by exposure
to ambient conditions but does include frictional heating. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 68, | for processes including step of generating heat
by friction. |
| 232+, | for processes of heating or cooling after molding. |
| 345+, | for article treatment by effecting a temperature
change. |
|
| | |
| 328.2 | Material is nonthermoplastic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in which curable, vulcanized, ceramic or hydrolitically
settable or is otherwise identified as not softening upon reheating after
molding.
| | (1)
Note. In the absence of a clear showing to the contrary a
material is presumed to be a thermoplastic. | |
| | |
| 328.3 | Toroidal work (e.g., tire, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 328.2. Processes wherein the article produced is a torus.
| | (1)
Note. For a definition of "toroidal", see this
class (264), subclass 315, and the notes thereto. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315, | where pressure is applied by means of a toroidal
inflated bag. |
| 501, | where direct fluid pressure is used to form a toroidal
article. |
|
| | |
| 328.6 | Including mixing of reactants: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 328.2. Processes in which chemical reactants are mixed prior to
injection or in the mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 240, | for combining reactable materials during shaping. |
| 349, | for mixing of materials in general. |
|
| | |
| 330 | Organic material shaping: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in which the material being molded is organic
compound containing.
| | (1)
Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class 260,
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope the term "organic
compound" as employed herein. |
| | (2)
Note. See the main definitions to this class (264) for the
line between this class and the composition classes. |
| | (3)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are generally
patents which include a unique combination of a specifically recited
organic material and a particular molding temperature or pressure.
Numerous patents which include a specific manipulation or step
provided for above will also disclose a particular composition and
temperature or pressure. Such patents are cross-referenced here
only when they include some evidence that the temperature or pressure are
not conventionally used in molding the particular material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for organic compositions. |
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,
subclasses 97+ for natural resins and reaction products thereof. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Classes 523
and 524 for molding compositions. |
|
| | |
| 331.11 | Synthetic resin containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Processes in which the organic material employed comprises
a synthetic resin.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of "synthetic resin",
see Class 520, Synthetic Resin or Natural Rubbers, subclass 1. |
| | (2)
Note. See the definitions of this class (264) for the line
between this class and the composition classes. |
| | (3)
Note. Classification herein is based on the first appearing
polymer or monomer including a monomer used to aftertreat a solid
polymer. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,
subclasses 2.01+ for synthetic resinous compositions which may be
disclosed to possess utility as molding materials, and see (1) Note
and (2) Note above. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic
resin or natural rubbers composition which may be disclosed or claimed
to posses utility as molding materials, and see (1) Note and (2) Note
above |
|
| | |
| 331.12 | Polymer having heterocyclic group or polymer derived from
monomer having heteocyclic group except heterocyclic derived solely from
carboxylic acid (i.e., cyclic imide, lactam, lactone, or anhydride): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes in which the synthetic resin is a polymer having
or polymer derived from a monomer having a heterocyclic group, i.e.,
an organic compound wherein one or more carbon atoms are covalently
bonded in a ring system with at least one hetero atom of oxygen,
sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, or tellurium and there are no other
different atoms in the ring, except heterocyclic derived solely
from carboxylic acid, i.e., cyclic imide, lactam, lactone, or anhydride.
| | (1)
Note. See subclass 331.13 for the definition of ethylenic
group. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 331.15+, | for ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives,
i.e., lactams, cyclic imides, lactones, or anhydrides. |
| 331.19, | for lactams or cyclic imides not containing an ethylenic
group. |
| 331.21, | for lactones or anhydrides not containing an ethylenic
group. |
|
| | |
| 331.13 | Polymer derived from monomer having at least two ethylenic
groups (e.g., ABS rubber, chloroprene, etc.) or with natural rubber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes wherein the synthetic resin is a polymer derived
from a monomer having at least two ethylenic groups, e.g., ABS rubber, chloroprene,
etc., or wherein the organic material comprises a synthetic resin
with a natural rubber.
| | (1)
Note. An ethylenic group is defined as two carbon atoms bonded
together by a double or triple bond, with the proviso that the double
bond is not part of an aromatic ring, or of a ring which shares
a double bond with an aromatic ring. | |
| | |
| 331.21 | Carboxylic acid or derivative: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes in which the synthetic resin contains a carboxylic
acid or derivative group.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of a carboxylic acid or derivative,
see Class 528, subclass 271. | |
| | |
| 332 | Fusing or melting inorganic material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in which inorganic materials are reshaped or molded
by a fusing or melting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | for processes of lining furnaces which may include
a step of melting inorganic materials. |
| 603, | for vitrification, sintering, or firing of a shaped
inorganic preform external of a mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for molding molten glass. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for processes of forming
a composition which may include a firing step. |
|
| | |
| 333 | Inorganic hydraulic settable material shaping: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes directed to the molding and shaping of inorganic
materials which are capable of being hydrolyzed by water to a solid
state.
| | (1)
Note. In cross-referencing to this subclass the same general
rule should be followed as set out in the definition of subclass
330. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for hydraulic settable materials
and the method of producing the same. |
|
| | |
| 334 | Article or material ejecting, core or mold stripping or
separating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes which include the step of removing or displacing
molding material or the formed article from or relative to the shaping
surface.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes processes of removing articles
from molds, per se, when claimed in such a manner as to have utility
only in a molding operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 304, | for an ejecting operation in an accretion from bulk
forming process. |
| 317, | where a core or mold is destroyed for removal of
the article. |
| 318, | for the molding of trapped or undercut articles
wherein the articles are removed from the mold by a nonlinear motion. |
|
| | |
| 336 | Ejecting or stripping before full set or cure of work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Processes in which the article or molded material is ejected
or stripped from the mold or molding surface when a desired shape
is obtained but before the article is completely set or cured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 82, | for curing products with a reactive gas or vapor. |
| 318, | for methods of forming undercut articles in which
the article is removed from the mold while the undercut portions
are still flexible to permit removal without breaking. |
|
| | |
| 337 | Utilizing particular mold material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in which the shaping or forming mold or surface
is composed of special or specific materials.
| | (1)
Note. Many patents which include a manipulation or step provided
for above will also include a disclosure of using a particular mold
composition coating or lining. Such patents should not be cross-referenced
to this and indented subclass unless there is some indication the
materials recited are not those conventionally used in such processes. | |
| | |
| 338 | Coating or lining: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Processes in which the special or specific materials are
in the form of a coating or lining on the mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 213, | where a casting surface for casting indefinite length
articles is treated with a surface parting, antistick or release
agent. |
| 255+, | in which a layer of material deposited on a mold
surface becomes part of a composite formed article. |
| 306, | for processes which include the step of conditioning,
e.g., coating, the form employed in a dip casting operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 133+ for processes of coating a mold. |
|
| | |
| 339 | Bending or twisting of work: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in which a portion of a single body is permanently
distorted throughout its entire thickness relative to a second portion
during which the thickness of the workpiece remains substantially
the same and no significant plastic flow occurs or in which said
body is permanently distorted by relative movement of its parts
about a common axis.
| | (1)
Note. Plural similar, bending operations are included herein.
For plural diverse types of bending or shaping operations, see
the search notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103, | for "twisting" of plural materials about
each other and subclass 295 for a molding step combined with the
step of bending or twisting. |
| 285+, | for bending of running or indefinite length work. |
| 294+, | where bending or twisting of the work is one of
a plurality of molding or shaping steps. |
|
| | |
| 340 | TREATING SHAPED OR SOLID ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which preformed, shaped, or solid articles
are subjected to a treatment.
| | (1)
Note. Treatment, for the purpose of this and indented subclasses,
included all procedures in which the chemical or physical properties
or characteristics of a work piece are modified or controlled by other
than mechanically shaping by contacting the work with a solid shaping member. |
| | (2)
Note. Subsequent treatment, per se, of an article, which
involves a chemical reaction with said article, in the absence of
a particular manipulative or handling step, or specific shape retaining
or supporting step not otherwise classifiable above, is not sufficient
to bring a patent herein. See the line between the composition classes
and this class as set out in the definitions above. |
| | (3)
Note. To complete the search for processes of treating the
appropriate subclasses set out above which include combinations
of shaping and treating should be searched. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 232+, | for processes including a subsequent disparate treatment. |
| 349, | for treatment of a mass by kneading, mulling, etc. |
|
| | |
| 341 | Solvent polishing type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes wherein the article has its surface smoothed or
leveled by application of a material having a dissolving or softening
action on said article.
| | (1)
Note. Polishing of materials by chemical action wherein contaminants
or surface reaction products, e.g., rust, oxides, etc., are removed
is not included in the scope of this subclass. See the definitions
to Class 216, Etching a Substrate: Processes. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 39, | for processes which include polishing of an apparatus
surface as by mechanical action or removal of surface accretions,
e.g., cleaning. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 216, | Etching a Substrate: Processes, for removal of surface material by etching with
solvent or chemical reagents to polish or form a design. |
|
| | |
| 342 | To shrink: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes in which a treatment serves to decrease the surface
area of said material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclasses 116+ for processes including a shrinking operation. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 76 for shrinking of a lamina in which parchmentizing
or transparentizing also occurs and subclasses 84+ for
shrinking combined with a laminating step. |
| 228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 128 for bonding of metal parts by thermally shrinking
one of the parts. |
|
| | |
| 343 | To swell or plasticize: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes in which a solid workpiece is treated in such
a manner as to cause it to increase in size or become softer or
more pliable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 341, | wherein solvents are employed to effect a superficial
surface softening as in solvent polishing. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclass 130.1 for swelling or plasticization of artificial fibers. |
|
| | |
| 344 | To remove entrained material from article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes in which the treatment results in the removal
of a material which is held or retained in or on the solid workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 49, | for removing solid bodies from a shaped body to
form pores. |
| 233, | for washing of a product in combination as a subsequent
disparate treatment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, particularly
subclasses 137+ for cleaning or laundering, per se, of textiles
and fibers. |
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for separation of liquids
from solids by drying. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for cleaning or separation
of impurities from solid bodies. |
|
| | |
| 345 | By a temperature change: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes wherein the treatment involves a positive temperature
change, other than a normal return to ambient temperatures from
a heated or cooled condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 80, | for processes involving a flame treatment. |
| 234+, | for a temperature change in combination as a subsequent
disparate treatment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 438, | Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, particularly
subclasses 471+ for gettering of a semiconductor substrate, subclasses
514+ for ion implantation of electrically active dopants
into a semiconductive, and subclasses 795+ for thermal
treatment of a semiconductor substrate to modify some property thereof. |
|
| | |
| 346 | To anneal or temper: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Processes in which one or more temperature changes, are
employed to relieve or remove stresses or strains which may exist
in a preform or self-sustaining body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 235, | for annealing in combination as a subsequent disparate
treatment. |
|
| | |
| 347 | To complete vulcanization or polymerization: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Processes in which the temperature change, is employed to
effect the complete vulcanization or polymerization of a partially
cured self-sustaining body or preform.
| | (1)
Note. Vulcanization, per se, or polymerization, per se, of
an article is not considered to be within the scope of this subclass
unless there is also included a particular manipulative or handling
step or specific shape retaining or supporting step not otherwise
classifiable above. See the definitions to this class, pertaining
to the line between this class and the composition classes, and
see also the search notes to subclass 236 of this class (264). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 83, | for curing in a reactive atmosphere. |
| 236, | for completion of cure of an article by a subsequent
disparate treatment. |
| 280, | for curing of running or indefinite length articles
between pressure surfaces. |
| 325, | for curing in a closed mold. |
|
| | |
| 348 | To cool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Processes directed to the cooling, per se, of a preform
or self-sustaining body by a positive application of a heat extracting
temperature differential.
| | (1)
Note. Mere cooling to ambient temperature in normal surroundings
of a heated article is not included within the scope of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 28, | for processes including the step of cooling or freezing
at 0°C or below. |
| 237, | for a positive cooling step combined as a subsequent
disparate treatment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 62, | Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses for specific processes of
refrigerating. |
|
| | |
| 349 | MISCELLANEOUS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous processes not provided for specifically above.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are patents disclosing working, kneading
or mulling, per se, of unspecified plastic materials in general,
to affect the plasticity thereof. Working, kneading or mulling,
per se, of specific compounds or compositions will be classified
in the appropriate compound or composition class. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 329, | for heating or working material while moving to
mold cavity. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for process limited to mixing or kneading rubber or
heavy plastics. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 1+ for processes which may involve the working, kneading
or mulling of plastic materials classified therein. In particular,
see Class 523, subclasses 100+ and Class 528, subclasses
480+. |
|
| | |
| 400 | LASER ABLATIVE SHAPING OR PIERCING (I.E., NONETCHING, DEVOID
OF CHEMICAL AGENT OTHER THAN AIR): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to producing a configured or perforated
article, wherein material is removed from a preform by vaporization
or decomposition, caused solely by laser (i.e., light amplification
by stimulated emission of radiation) generated heat and without
the use of an external chemical agent, other than air.
| | (1)
Note. Claimed recitation of laser ablative shaping, per se,
without the use of an external chemical agent will be considered
proper for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138+, | for processes which include a step of (a) penetrating
a shaped product from one face to another to cause at least a partial
separation of the product, (b) tearing an article, (c) removing
material from an article by means of a solid tool or implement,
or (d) forming a comminuted product, without the use of a laser. |
| 482, | for processes wherein the direct energy utilized
before, during, or after shaping or molding is laser. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 83, | Cutting, appropriate subclasses for processes of cutting,
severing, incising, etc., where not claimed in combination. |
| 216, | Etching a Substrate: Processes,
subclasses 2+ for processes wherein a substrate is subjected
to bombardment by high energy radiation above that of the so-called
ultraviolet range. |
| 219, | Electric Heating,
subclasses 121.6+ for electrical heating of metal utilizing laser. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for processes for solid material
comminuting. |
|
| | |
| 401 | STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC SHAPING FROM LIQUID PRECURSOR: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to the application of electromagnetic
wave energy on a confined solidifiable liquid or semi-solid material
which results in formation of a solid three-dimensional product.
| | (1)
Note. In most cases the subject matter found in this subclass
includes processes of producing solid three dimensional articles
by application of computer directed electromagnetic wave energy
in combination with polymerization and surface tension phenomena
at a selected area of a confined polymerizable liquid or semi-solid
material, causing a shaped integrated three-dimensional layered buildup
(solidified article) to form. |
| | (2)
Note. The technology of this subclass generally includes
a scanner, laser, photopolymer vat, and a controlling computer. |
| | (3)
Note. Synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation or particle
bombardment, which alters the physical state of a confined fluid
medium and forms a three-dimensional article (part), is considered appropriate
for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for processes of uniting preforms, especially
subclass 58 contour or profile photography to reproduce three-dimensional
objects. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, for processes of using radiation to reproduce a likeness
or image of an object and see especially
subclass 269 , imaging affecting physical property of radiation
sensitive material, or producing nonplanar or printing surface-process,
composition or product. |
|
| | |
| 402 | DIRECT APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY TO HEAT
THE MOLD (E.G., ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE, PARTICULATE, MAGNETIC, SONIC,
ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY, ETC.): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein electrical, electromagnetic, particulate,
magnetic, sonic, induction heat, or electrostatic energy is directly
applied to a mold or molding apparatus to cause said mold to be
heated.
| | (1)
Note. Some examples of wave energy found in this subclass
are electromagnetic, particulate, light, sonic, supersonic, ultrasonic,
gamma rays, X-rays, and magnetic energy. Particulate energy includes
charged particles and atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta
rays, and neutrons. |
| | (2)
Note. Terms listed in the glossary are denoted by an asterisk. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 405, | for processes of molding or treating articles or
processes of molding or treating precursors by direct application
of electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 403 | Induction heating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes wherein the mold is subjected to induction heat.
| | (1)
Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a nominally
electrical conducting material by eddy currents induced by a varying
electromagnetic field. When an alternating current flows through
a coil which surrounds or is adjacent to a nominally conducting material,
eddy currents will be induced therein and cause said material to
be heated. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 431, | for processes of producing or treating inorganic
material utilizing induction heating. |
| 457, | for blow molding processes utilizing induction heating. |
| 472, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing induction
heating. |
| 486, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is induction heat. |
|
| | |
| 405 | DIRECT APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY TO WORK (E.G.,
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE, PARTICULATE, MAGNETIC, INDUCTION HEAT, SONIC,
ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY, ETC.): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to applying electrical, electromagnetic,
magnetic, wave, or particulate energy directly to the work.
| | (1)
Note. Some examples of wave energy found in this subclass
are electromagnetic, particulate, light, sonic, supersonic, ultrasonic,
gamma rays, X-rays, and magnetic energy. Particulate energy includes
charged particles and atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta
rays, and neutrons. Mere use of magnetic force employed to maintain
a preform in a selected position is not provided for here, rather
see subclasses 275+. |
| | (2)
Note. The energy must be applied as such to the work, the
work precursor or the coating material used in a combined coating
and shaping operation. Processes utilizing wave energy (e.g., plasma,
etc.) to apply a coating combined with a shaping operation are properly
classified in this subclass and indented subclasses. Conversion
of electrical energy to heat and the application of the heat to
the work is excluded from this subclass and is provided for in appropriate
subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 275+, | for processes of molding wherein magnetic or electrostatic
force is utilized to maintain a preform in a selected position during
molding and see (1) Note, above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for a process of effecting a chemical
reaction by utilizing electrical or wave energy, especially
subclasses 157.15+ for a process of preparing a specific compound
utilizing electrical or eave energy. The line stated in the Class 204
definition for claims defining a Class 204 operation combined with
an operation for another class is to be followed for classification
of claims defining both Class 204 and Class 264 operations. |
| 522, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 1+ for processes of preparing or treating a synthetic
resin or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction brought about
by the application of wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 406 | Measuring, testing, or inspecting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes which includes a step of utilizing electrical,
electromatic, magnetic, wave or particulate energy to audibly, chemically,
mechanically, or physically determine some variable condition in
a shaped article, molding material, mold or shaping surface.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are processes for determining imperfections
or for determining completeness of a reaction or manipulation as
well as determinations of undesired variations which activate correction
mechanisms. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures or pressures
or proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and are classified
with the disclosed process on some other basis. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 40.1, | for measuring, testing, or inspecting without utilizing
direct application of electrical or wave energy to work. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 407 for processes including a step of testing or indicating
combined with mechanical manufacture. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for testing, per se. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 49 and 198 for processes of testing or inspecting
combined with a paper making operation. |
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclass 79 for metal casting operations employing a pore producing
agent. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for electrical testing or
the measuring, testing, or sensing of nonelectric properties by electric
means. |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclasses 1+ for processes of chemical testing. |
|
| | |
| 407 | Using sonic, supersonic, or ultrasonic energy: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Processes directed to utilizing wave vibrations which can
be heard by the human ear.
| | (1)
Note. Patents claiming the use of ultrasonic or supersonic
frequencies (energy) are properly classified in this subclass. The
term supersonic covers frequencies above the range of normal human
hearing. Ultrasonic waves vibrate at frequencies beyond the hearing
power of human beings (above 20,000 hertz). Sonic frequencies are
vibrations which can be heard by the human ear (from about 15 hertz
to approximately 20,000 hertz). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 69, | for processes involving treatment of material by
vibrating, jarring, or agitating during shaping. |
| 442, | for processes utilizing sonic energy other than
measuring or testing. |
|
| | |
| 409 | Laser: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes wherein the light used is laser (i.e., light amplification
by stimulated emissions of radiation).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 482, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is laser. |
|
| | |
| 410 | Infrared radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes wherein the light used is infrared.
| | (1)
Note. Infrared radiation, measured using the electromagnetic
wave spectrum, is that portion which is visible to the eye, lying
between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000
micrometers). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 458, | for blow molding processes utilizing infrared radiation. |
| 462, | for processes of uniting particles utilizing infrared
radiation. |
| 476, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation. |
| 481, | for processes of reshaping, drawing or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation. |
| 492, | for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 413 | Producing or treating porous product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is used (a)
to form pores or voids in an article or (b) for the treatment* of
a porous article.
| | (1)
Note. Pore forming when not combined with significant molding
is provided for in various classes and the general lines between
those classes and Class 264 is followed even though the step of
forming pores is recited. |
| | (2)
Note. Included within the scope of this subclass and indented
subclasses are enlarging voids already present in a material by
expanding gases contained therein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41, | For processes of forming pores or voids without
using the direct application of electrical or wave energy. |
| 317, | for processes, generally, which involve the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void. |
| 321, | for processes of reshaping previously foamed material. |
| 610, | for processes of burning, vaporizing, or melting
of embedded element or core to form a nonrandom void |
| 628, | for processes of producing microporous articles without intentionally occluding or incorporating void
forming elements randomly throughout the forming material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 296 for pore forming in abrasive materials. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 122 , 601+, and 672+ for pore forming,
per se, in compositions within the definitions of the class. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 77+ for a pore forming step in combination with a laminating
operation. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 101 for a pore forming step within the class definition. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 3+ for a step of utilizing gas in mixing mortar. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclasses 39 and 80+ for pore-forming ceramic compositions. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 50+ for pore forming, per se, in a synthetic resin
or natural resin composition. |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 255 for the forming of pores or voids in the production
of a material containing hazardous or toxic waste for purposes of
containment. |
|
| | |
| 414 | Inorganic material containing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes wherein the pore forming material or porous article
contains inorganic material.
| | (1)
Note. Inorganic porous material having minimal or trace
amounts of organic material (e.g., resinous binders, etc.) are properly
classified here. |
| | (2)
Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class 260
for the distinction between the term "organic" and "inorganic." | |
| | |
| 416 | Using liquid to gas blowing agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Processes in which the pores or voids are formed by using
a liquid blowing agent whose state changes from liquid to gas (i.e.,
vaporization of a liquid incorporated into the molding material).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 53, | for processes in which voids are formed by a liquid
to gas change of state without using directly applied electrical
or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 417 | Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Processes in which the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far infrared
and conventional radio-frequency.
| | (1)
Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an electromagnetic
wave which has a wavelength measured in the centimeter range. Microwaves
occupy a region in the electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared
and radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between these
regions except by arbitrary definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 420, | for processes of using blowing agents to form porous
products utilizing microwave energy. |
| 432, | for processes of treating inorganic material utilizing
microwave energy. |
| 474, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing microwave
energy. |
| 489, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is microwave. |
|
| | |
| 418 | Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz
and extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 421, | for processes of using blowing agents to form porous
products utilizing radio frequency wave energy. |
| 422, | for processes of utilizing radio frequency wave
energy to form porous products. |
| 475, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing radio
frequency wave energy. |
| 491, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is radio frequency wave. |
|
| | |
| 419 | Using chemical blowing agent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Processes in which pores or voids are formed by the generation
of a gas, by a chemical reaction of gas producing reactants, or
by agents incorporated in the molding material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 54, | for processes of forming voids or pores utilizing
gas producing reactants without using directly applied electrical
or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 420 | Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Processes in which the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far infrared
and conventional radio frequency.
| | (1)
Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an electromagnetic
wave which has a wavelength measured in the centimeter range. Microwaves
occupy a region in the electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared
and radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between these
regions except by arbitrary definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 432, | for processes of treating inorganic material utilizing
microwave energy. |
| 474, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing microwave
energy. |
| 489, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is microwave. |
|
| | |
| 421 | Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz
and extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 422, | for processes of utilizing radio frequency wave
energy to form porous products. |
| 475, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing radio
frequency wave energy. |
| 491, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is radio frequency wave. |
|
| | |
| 422 | Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz
and extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 475, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing radio
frequency wave energy. |
| 491, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is radio frequency wave. |
|
| | |
| 423 | Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes wherein the energy directly applied consists of
a gaseous vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum
in a nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma."
| | (1)
Note. Generally a plasma consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral particles.
The concentration of negatively and positively charged carriers
are approximately equal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 455, | for blow molding processes utilizing plasma. |
| 469, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing plasma. |
| 483, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is plasma. |
|
| | |
| 424 | Utilizing electron arc or electron beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical discharges
between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of electrons moving
in the same direction, and at the same speed, under the influence
of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 456, | for blow molding processes utilizing electron arc
or beam. |
| 470, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing electron
arc or beam. |
| 485, | for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is
the energy directly applied. |
|
| | |
| 425 | Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes wherein the material used to produce or treat
the porous product is caused to polymerize, cross-link, or cure.
| | (1)
Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming the
following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization
d. condensation polymerization e. block or graft polymerization. This
list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the
above examples. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 459, | for blow molding processes wherein polymerization
occurs. |
| 463, | for uniting particles to form articles wherein polymerization
occurs. |
| 477, | for extrusion molding processes wherein polymerization
occurs. |
| 494, | for processes wherein polymerization occurs utilizing
directly applied electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 426 | Producing or treating inorganic hydro-settable material
(e.g., cement, plaster, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy directly applied is utilized
for the treatment* of or formation of inorganic materials
which are capable of being hydrolyzed by water to a solid state.
| | (1)
Note. Inorganic hydro-settable material having minimal or
trace amounts of organic material are properly classified here. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass includes compositions made without any
melting or fusion of particles, as well as those made by sintering,
that is, a process in which a portion of a nonmetallic particle
is bonded, coalesced, or partly fused to a portion of an adjacent
particle due to the application of heat or heat and pressure. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 638+ for coating compositions containing an inorganic
settable material. |
|
| | |
| 427 | Producing or treating magnetic product or precursor thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy directly applied is utilized
for the (a) treatment* or formation of a magnetic article
or (b) treatment* or production of material to be used
to make said article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 252, | Compositions,
subclasses 62.51+ for processes of preparing magnetic compositions
and the compositions resulting therefrom, as well as such processes
followed by a magnetizing and/or a nominal or broad molding step. |
|
| | |
| 428 | Including vitrifying or sintering (e.g., fusing, firing,
burning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Processes wherein the magnetic product is subjected to temperatures
sufficiently high (with or without pressure) which causes said article to,
at least partially, coalesce or fuse.
| | (1)
Note. The term firing recited in a patent is considered to
read on either sintering or vitrifying and is included herein, unless
the firing is disclosed as being for some other purpose or at a
clearly too low or inadequate temperature to accomplish sintering
or vitrifying. Firing to render a mass friable (calcining) or firing at
a temperature only sufficient to drive out the moisture content
would, for example, be excluded. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 125+, | for processes of sintering or heat fusion of particles
to autogenously bond, without the use of electrical, particulate
or wave energy. |
| 239+, | for processes of sintering or heat fusion of particles
wherein the particulate material is completely melted, without the
use of electrical, particulate, or wave energy. |
| 434, | for processes of sintering or vitrifying inorganic
material. |
| 603+, | for processes of sintering or vitrifying a shaped
inorganic preform external of a mold, without the use of electrical,
particulate, or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 430 | Producing or treating inorganic material, not as pigments,
conductive enhancers, or fillers (e.g., ceramic, refractory material, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy directly applied is used in
the treatment* of or formation of inorganic material other
than as pigments, conductive enhancers or fillers.
| | (1)
Note. Inorganic material containing minimal or trace amounts
of organic material (e.g.,resinous binders, etc.) are properly classified
here. |
| | (2)
Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class 260
for the distinction between the term "organic" and "inorganic." |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 450, | for processes utilizing organic material which contains
small amounts of inorganic material as pigments, conductive enhancers,
or fillers. |
|
| | |
| 431 | Induction heating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Processes wherein the inorganic material is subjected to
induction heat.
| | (1)
Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a nominally
electrical conducting material by eddy currents induced by a varying
electromagnetic field. When an alternating current flows through
a coil surrounding or adjacent a nominally conducting material,
eddy currents will be induced therein, causing said material to
be heated. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 457, | for blow molding processes utilizing induction heating. |
| 472, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing induction
heating. |
| 486, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is induction heat. |
|
| | |
| 432 | Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Processes in which the directly applied energy, is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum, as existing between far infrared
and conventional radio-frequency.
| | (1)
Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an electromagnetic
wave which has a wavelength measured in the centimeter range. Microwaves
occupy a region in the electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared
and radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between these
regions except by arbitrary definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 474, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing microwave
energy. |
| 489, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is microwave. |
|
| | |
| 433 | Including extruding (e.g., spinning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Processes wherein the inorganic material is shaped by forcing
it through a confining orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 176.1+, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping orifice. |
| 323, | for processes of extruding finite articles, per
se. |
| 452, | for processes of extruding material wherein an electrode
is part of the extruding shaping surface. |
|
| | |
| 434 | Including vitrifying or sintering (e.g., fusing, firing,
burning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Processes wherein the inorganic material thereof is subjected
to temperatures sufficiently high (with or without pressure) which
causes said material to, at least partially, coalesce or fuse.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 125+, | for processes of sintering or heat fusion of particles
to autogenously bond, without the use of electrical, particulate
or wave energy. |
| 239+, | especially subclass 332, for processes of sintering
or heat fusion of particles wherein the particulate material is completely
melted, without the use of electrical, particulate or wave energy. |
| 603+, | for processes of sintering a shaped inorganic preform
external of a mold and without the use of electrical, particulate
or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 437 | Conveying or aligning particulate material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is used to
transport, arrange, or order small discrete pieces, grains, pellets,
or beads.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 450+ for processes employing electrophoresis or electro-osmosis. |
|
| | |
| 438 | Utilizing electrostatic charge: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Processes directed to using electrical energy having a constant-intensity
electric charge which results in the capability of attracting and holding
small particles having an opposite electrical charge.
| | (1)
Note. Electrostatic charge is generally considered to be
an electric charge that is in a state of equilibrium. | |
| | |
| 440 | Forming composite structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Processes wherein the particulate material is arranged to
form at least two different, contiguous layers or portions, each
having a continuous phase (e.g., plural, adjacent, spacial distinct
layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 480, | for reshaping, drawing, or stretching a composite
work-piece. |
| 487, | for treating or heating a composite work-piece utilizing
induction heat. |
| 490, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing microwave
energy. |
| 493, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 441 | Producing filament: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Processes wherein a fine threadlike body or structure whose
width and thickness are of the same order of magnitude is formed. |
| | |
| 442 | Using sonic, supersonic, or ultrasonic energy: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes directed to utilizing wave vibrations which cover
the use of (a) frequencies above the range of normal human hearing,
usually above 20,000 hertz and below radio waves (i.e., supersonic
or ultrasonic), or (b) frequencies which can be heard by the human
ear (from about 15 hertz to approximately 20,000 hertz).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 69, | for processes involving treatment of material by
vibrating, jarring, or agitating during shaping and wherein the frequency
is not specified. |
|
| | |
| 452 | Including extrusion molding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Processes wherein a material is shaped or molded by forcing
it through a confining orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 176.1+, | for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping orifice. |
| 323, | for processes of extruding finite articles, per
se. |
| 464, | for extruding processes, per se, utilizing direct
application of electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 453 | Including injection molding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Processes wherein pressure is applied to a molding material
so as to force said material from a source removed from a closed
mold cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the shape
of the interior of the closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 478, | for injection molding, per se, utilizing direct
application of electrical or wave energy. |
| 537, | for injection molding of a hollow blank portion
prior to pneumatic pressure application to the inside. |
|
| | |
| 455 | Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of a gaseous
vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in a nonequilibrium state
referred to as a "cold plasma."
| | (1)
Note. A plasma generally consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral particles.
The concentration of negatively and positively charged carriers
are approximately equal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 469, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing plasma. |
| 483, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is plasma. |
|
| | |
| 456 | Utilizing electron arc or electron beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical discharges
between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of electrons, moving
in the same direction and at the same speed under the influence
of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 470, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing electron
arc or beam. |
| 485, | for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is
the energy directly applied. |
|
| | |
| 457 | Induction heating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes wherein the material to be molded is subjected
to induction heat.
| | (1)
Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a nominally
electrical conducting material by eddy currents induced by a varying
electromagnetic field. When an alternating current flows through
a coil surrounding or adjacent a nominally conducting material,
eddy currents will be induced therein, causing said material to
be heated. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 472, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing induction
heating. |
| 486, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is induction heat. |
|
| | |
| 458 | Infrared radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes wherein the energy applied is considered to have
a frequency range with wavelengths longer than those of visible
light and shorter than those of radio waves.
| | (1)
Note. Infrared radiation, measured using the electromagnetic
wave spectrum, is that portion which is visible to the eye, lying
between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000
micrometers). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 462, | for processes of uniting particles utilizing infrared
radiation. |
| 476, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation. |
| 481, | for processes of reshaping, drawing or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation. |
| 492, | for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 459 | Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
| | (1)
Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming the
following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization
d. condensation polymerization e. block or graft polymerization. This
list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the
above examples. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 463, | for uniting particles to form articles wherein polymerization
occurs. |
| 477, | for extrusion molding processes wherein polymerization
occurs. |
| 494, | for processes wherein polymerization occurs utilizing
directly applied electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 460 | Forming articles by uniting randomly associated particles: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy applied is used to bond individually
distinct particles to each other or through a binder.
| | (1)
Note. The relative sizes of the particles are immaterial;
however, the particles must retain their discrete nature during the
associating and bonding operation. Further, the mere presence of
particles in a liquid carrier is not sufficient for this subclass
(e.g., fillers or slurries), this being considered to be the molding
of a fluent or liquid mass rather than the association of particles
and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below. |
| | (2)
Note. The material is usually, but not necessarily, in the
form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate material
may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the latent adhesive
characteristics of the material. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 131, | for a molding process combined with a step of coating
with particulate material. |
| 239+, | for processes of molding (a) plastic compositions
containing particulate material as a filler or (b) colloidal or nonsettling
dispersions (e.g., rubber latex or clay) or (c) plastic particulate material
which lose their identity during molding to form a homogeneous product
and see (1) Note, above. |
| 517, | for processes of applying vacuum or suction to bulk
assembled particles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 19, | Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses 144+ for a process of bringing particles together, for
example by air laying, and see the notes in subclasses 144+ for
the line between Class 264 and Class 19. |
| 23, | Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 313+ for agglomerating processes provided for in that
class. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 550+ for a solid fuel consolidation or shaping process
which goes beyond mere molding of a starting composition, especially
subclasses 596+ for a process which includes pressing using
a specified condition or technique. |
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclasses 293+ for processes of making abrading tools, the materials,
or compositions used therein. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 3.1+ and 4.1+ for a process of forming glass
fibers from a glass melt and adhesively bonding the fibers by any bonding
medium or autogenously to form a glass fiber felt and subclasses 36+ for
a process of fusing glass fibers or particles to each other to form
a felt. See also the main definition of Class 264 for a further
statement of the line with Class 65. |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, see especially the notes thereto for the locus of other
art relating to particle uniting and
subclasses 228+ for a consolidated metal particle composition. |
| 100, | Presses,
subclasses 35+ for a method of intermingling and/or deforming particulate
material to mechanically unite the particles together at their respective
interfaces without use of a binder. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 62.2 for a process of forming a felted article by simultaneously
uniting of particles combined with the step of adhesively bonding
the felted article to another part. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 100+ for a process of forming an interfelted fibrous
product (e.g., paper interfelted fibrous product, paper from a liquid
fibrous suspension, etc.). |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclasses 5+ for a process for a mechanical pressing or briquetting
of solid carbonaceous material combined with a thermolytic distillation
operation. |
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 61+ processes for making articles from metal particles
by pressure without heat and subclass 1 for similar processes which
use heat. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 80.1+ for corresponding apparatus. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 180 for processes of coating utilizing solid particles
or fibers. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 87 for a product with a pile or nap type surface and
including particulate matter, subclasses 143+ for a stock
material in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which
has a textured or rough surface comprising particulate matter, subclasses
323+ for a composite web or sheet including a component
having structurally defined particles, and subclasses 402+ for
structurally defined or coated particles. |
|
| | |
| 461 | Utilizing electron arc or electron beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of a (a) prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical discharges
between two electrodes or (b) narrow stream of electrons moving
in the same direction, and at the same speed, under the influence
of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 470, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing electron
beam. |
| 485, | for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is
the directly applied energy. |
|
| | |
| 462 | Infrared radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Processes wherein the energy applied is considered to have
a frequency range with wavelengths longer than those of visible
light and shorter than those of radio waves.
| | (1)
Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic spectrum,
having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying between wavelengths
of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000 micrometers) are
properly classified here as infrared. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 476, | for extrusion molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation. |
| 481, | for processes of reshaping, drawing, or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation. |
| 492, | for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 463 | Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Processes wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
| | (1)
Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming the
following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization
d. condensation polymerization e. block or graft polymerization. This
list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the
above examples. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 477, | for extrusion molding processes wherein polymerization,
cross-linking, or curing occurs. |
| 494, | for processes wherein polymerization, cross-linking,
or curing occurs utilizing directly applied electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 464 | Extrusion molding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein an article is shaped or formed by extruding
or forcing a supply of the article forming material through a confining and
shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion shaping machine for nonmetals
and see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 465 | Utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force (e.g.,
pinning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the energy used is static electrical or
a force or field created thereby.
| | (1)
Note. Electrostatic energy is considered to be a form of
electrical energy which has the capability of attracting and holding
small particles having an opposite electrical charge. |
| | (2)
Note. An electrostatic charge is an electric charge stored
in a capacitor or on the surface of an insulated object. |
| | (3)
Note. An electrostatic field is considered to be the vector
force field set up in the vicinity of nonmoving electrical charges. | |
| | |
| 466 | On film, sheet or web: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Processes wherein the extruded material forms on a portion
of material of finite length, whose width is greater than its thickness
and which may be of any geometric shape (e.g., triangle, circle,
etc.). |
| | |
| 469 | Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of a gaseous
vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in a nonequilibrium state
referred to as a "cold plasma."
| | (1)
Note. A plasma, generally consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral particles.
The concentration of negatively and positively charged carriers
are approximately equal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 483, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is plasma. |
|
| | |
| 470 | Utilizing electron arc or electron beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical discharges
between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of electrons moving
in the same direction, and at the same speed, under the influence
of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 485, | for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is
the energy directly applied. |
|
| | |
| 472 | Induction heating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the extrusion material is subjected to
induction heat.
| | (1)
Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a nominally
electrical conducting material by eddy currents induced by a varying
electromagnetic field. When an alternating current flows through
a coil surrounding or adjacent a nominally conducting material,
eddy currents will be induced therein, causing said material to
be heated. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 486, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is induction heat. |
|
| | |
| 473 | High energy or particulate radiation (e.g., X-ray, gamma
ray, neutron, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is irradiation
with high energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles.
| | (1)
Note. The term high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particles, as employed here, includes X-rays, gamma rays,
and particulate energy (i.e., charged particles and atomic emissions such
as alpha rays, beta rays, and neutrons). Electromagnetic wave energy measured
below wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered high energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy
particle radiation. This subject matter is often referred to as
high energy ionizing radiation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 488, | for processes wherein high energy electromagnetic
or particulate radiation is the energy directly applied. |
|
| | |
| 474 | Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far infrared
and conventional radio-frequency.
| | (1)
Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an electromagnetic
wave which has a wavelength measured in the centimeter range. Microwaves
occupy a region in the electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared
and radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between these
regions except by arbitrary definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 489, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is microwave. |
|
| | |
| 475 | Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz
and extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 491, | for processes wherein the energy directly applied
is radio frequency wave. |
|
| | |
| 476 | Infrared radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the energy applied is considered to have
a frequency range with wavelengths longer than those of visible
light and shorter than those of radio waves.
| | (1)
Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic spectrum,
having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying between wavelengths
of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers)and about 1 mm (1000 micrometers) are
properly classified here as infrared. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 481, | for processes of reshaping, drawing, or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation. |
| 492, | for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 477 | Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
| | (1)
Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming the
following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization
d. condensation polymerization e. block or graft polymerization. This
list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the
above examples. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 494, | for processes wherein polymerization occurs utilizing
directly applied electrical or wave energy. |
|
| | |
| 478 | Injection molding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein pressure is applied to a molding material
so as to force said material from a source removed from a closed
mold cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the shape
of the interior of the closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 328.1+, | for injection molding without electrical or wave
energy. |
| 537, | for injection molding of a hollow blank portion
prior to pneumatic pressure application to the inside. |
|
| | |
| 480 | Composite work-piece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Processes wherein the reconfigured, lengthened or elongated
material comprises at least two different, contiguous layers or
portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g., plural, adjacent,
spacial distinct layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 487, | for treating or heating a composite work-piece utilizing
induction heat. |
| 490, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing microwave
energy. |
| 493, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 481 | Infrared radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Processes wherein the energy applied is considered to have
a frequency range with wavelengths longer than those of visible
light and shorter than those of radio waves.
| | (1)
Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic spectrum,
having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying between wavelengths
of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000 micrometers) are
properly classified here as infrared. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 492, | for processes wherein the directly applied energy
is infrared radiation. |
|
| | |
| 482 | Laser: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy directly applied is a narrow
beam of coherent light (light amplification by stimulated emissions
of radiation).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 219, | Electric Heating,
subclasses 121.11+ for processes utilizing electric heat energy, per
se, wherein the heat source is an electron beam, plasma, arc, laser,
etc. |
|
| | |
| 483 | Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy directly applied consists of
a gaseous vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum
in a nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma."
| | (1)
Note. A plasma, generally consists of a wholly or partially
ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral particles.
The concentration of negatively and positively charged carriers
are approximately equal. | |
| | |
| 484 | Utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force (e.g.,
pinning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy used is static electrical or
the force or field created thereby.
| | (1)
Note. Electrostatic energy is considered to be a form of electrical
energy which has the capability of attracting and holding small
particles having an opposite electrical charge. |
| | (2)
Note. An electrostatic charge is considered to be electric
energy stored in a capacitor or on the surface of an insulated object. |
| | (3)
Note. An electrostatic field is considered to be the vector
force field set up in the vicinity of non-moving electrical charges. | |
| | |
| 485 | Utilizing electron arc or electron beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical discharges
between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of electrons moving
in the same direction, and at the same speed, under the influence
of an electric or magnetic field. |
| | |
| 486 | Induction heating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the material is subjected to induction
heat.
| | (1)
Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a nominally
electrical conducting material by eddy currents induced by a varying
electromagnetic field. When an alternating current flows through
a coil surrounding or adjacent a nominally conducting material,
eddy currents will be induced therein, causing said material to
be heated. | |
| | |
| 487 | Composite work-piece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Processes wherein the induction heat is directly applied
to a work-piece comprising at least two different, contiguous layers
or portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g., plural, adjacent,
spacial distinct layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 490, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing microwave
energy. |
| 493, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 488 | High energy or particulate radiation (e.g., X-ray, gamma
ray, neutron, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is irradiation
with high energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles.
| | (1)
Note. The term high energy electromagnetic radiation or "high
energy particles," as employed here, includes X-rays,
gamma rays, and particulate energy (i.e., charged particles and
atomic emissions such as alpha rays, beta rays, and neutrons).
Electromagnetic wave energy measured below wavelengths of 100 Angstroms
(10 to the minus 8 meters) will be considered "high energy electromagnetic
radiation" or "high energy particle radiation." This
subject matter is often referred to as "high energy ionizing
radiation." | |
| | |
| 489 | Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the directly applied energy is identified
on the electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far infrared
and conventional radio-frequency.
| | (1)
Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an electromagnetic
wave which has a wavelength measured in the centimeter range. Microwaves
occupy a region in the electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared
and radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between these
regions except by arbitrary definition. | |
| | |
| 490 | Composite work-piece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Processes wherein the microwave energy is directly applied
to a workpiece comprising at least two different, contiguous layers
or portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g., plural, adjacent,
spacial distinct layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 493, | for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation. |
|
| | |
| 492 | Infrared radiation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the energy applied is considered to have
a frequency range with wavelengths longer than those of visible
light and shorter than those of radio waves.
| | (1)
Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic spectrum,
having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying between wavelengths
of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000 micrometers) are
properly classified here as infrared. | |
| | |
| 493 | Composite work-piece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Processes wherein the infrared radiation is directly applied
to a work-piece comprising at least two different, contiguous layers
or portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g., plural, adjacent,
spacial distinct layers, etc.). |
| | |
| 494 | Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing (e.g., utilizing
ultraviolet radiation, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
| | (1)
Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming the
following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization
d. condensation polymerization e. block or graft polymerization. This
list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the
above examples. | |
| | |
| 497 | Using laser sintering of particulate material to build
three-dimensional product (e.g., SLS, selective laser sintering,
etc.) |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes directed to selective laser induced heat sintering
to bond individually randomly associated distinct and deposited
particles to form a complete three-dimensional article by building
up layers containing a major amount of the particulate material.
| | (1)
Note. The relative sizes of the particles are immaterial,
however the particles must retain their discrete nature during the
associating and bonding operation. Further, the mere presence of
particles in a liquid carrier is not sufficient for this subclass
(e.g., fillers or slurries, etc.,) since this is considered to be
molding of a fluent or liquid mass rather than the association of
particles and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below. |
| | (2)
Note. The material is usually, but not necessarily, in the
form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate material
may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the latent adhesive
characteristics of the material. |
| | (3)
Note. Generally, the subject matter found in this subclass
includes dispensing a layer which comprises a plurality of blended
or coated powdered materials having different dissociation or bonding temperatures
and applying a binder to selected portions of the powdered material,
for example by way of an ink-jet print head. The locations that
receive the binder are defined according to a cross-section of the
part to be produced, communicated to the apparatus by a CAD, computer
assisted design, data base. A roller is often used to assist in
the proper delivery and alignment of the powdered material. Each
powdered layer is selectively sintered by a CAD laser causing layer
buildup thereby forming a complete three-dimensional product. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 6, | for processes of forming solid particulate material
by liquid or melt comminuting combined with uniting of said bulk
assembled or deposited particles. |
| 109+, | for forming articles by uniting randomly associated
particles. |
| 131, | for a molding process combined with a step of coating
with particulate material. |
| 239+, | for processes of molding (a) plastic compositions
containing particulate material as a filler, (b) colloidal or non-settling
dispersions (e.g., rubber latex, clay, etc.), and (c) plastic particulate
material which lose their identity during molding to form a homogeneous
product (see (1) Note, above). |
| 517, | for processes of applying vacuum or suction to bulk
assembled particles. |
|
| | |
| 500 | DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO PERMANENTLY
SHAPE, DISTORT, OR SUSTAIN WORK: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a positive or negative pressure is applied
through the medium of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a workpiece to
form or maintain a desired configuration.
| | (1)
Note. The utilization of steam pressure as a source of heat
is not included here unless the steam serves to shape, support,
or sustain the work. Steam to heat is classified below based on
the specific molding or treatment step. |
| | (2)
Note. Introduction of fluent material into a mold under pressure
is not here unless a gas pressure medium acts directly on the material
in the mold cavity. Thus, injection molding utilizing pneumatic
pressure to inject the molding material is not here if the pneumatic pressure
acts through a column of molding material such as a gate portion
of the article. Injection of the molding material rather than directly
on the body molding is provided for in subclasses 328+ below. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 261+ for glass shaping apparatus comprising inflating
a parison in a mold; see the search notes thereunder. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 387+ for preform reshaping by direct application of
gas pressure (e.g., inflating, etc.); see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 501 | Producing, toroidal work (e.g., tire, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in which the article produced has a toroidal shape.
| | (1)
Note. For a definition of "toroidal" see this
class, subclass 315 and accompanying notes. |
| | (2)
Note. Toroidal as used in this subclass includes tires, inner
tubes, and the like. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315, | where the pressure or heat is applied by means of
a toroidal inflated bag. |
| 326, | for reshaping toroidal shaped work in a closed mold
cavity. |
|
| | |
| 503 | Shaping against interior of a forming surface by rotation
of material shaping member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in which rotating motion is imparted to the material
being shaped or to the mold or shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 8, | for formation of particulate material from a liquid
or molten mass by means of centrifugal force. |
| 68, | for rotation to produce frictional heat. |
| 69+, | for processes which pertain to agitating by plural
sequential rotations in reverse directions. |
| 114+, | for use of centrifugal force in formation of an
article by uniting of bulk assembled particles. |
| 175, | for processes of forming indefinite length articles
by a calendering operation between endless shaping surface, e.g.,
belts or wheels. |
| 176, | for centrifugal spinning of filaments or fibers. |
| 270, | for processes of lining a mold cavity employing
centrifugal force. |
| 310+, | for processes in which rotating motion is imparted
to the material shaped or to the mold without the direct application
of differential fluid pressure. |
| 556, | for a process of casting fluent material onto the
exterior of a cooled roll. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 114+ for processes of centrifugally casting metals. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 425+ for a molding machine utilizing mold motion to
distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold. |
|
| | |
| 505 | Corrugating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in which a portion of the workpiece is formed
so as to have a cross section having a ternate ridges and grooves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 282, | for a process of creping or crinkling without the
direct application of differential fluid pressure. |
| 286+, | for corrugation of a web without the direct application
of differential fluid pressure. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 202+ and subclasses 205+ for corrugating of
indefinite length work combined with a laminating operation; and
210 for corrugating and laminating to a noncorrugated lamina. |
|
| | |
| 509 | Labeling or embossing indicia: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in which an article or preform (a) is subjected
to differential fluid pressure which results in the production of
a raised or depressed area in the form of a word or trademark or
symbol: or (b) has a label (i.e., preform which is intended to
carry printed information which is thin relative to its other dimensions)
attached to its surface. |
| | |
| 510 | Producing multilayer work or article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in which two or more united preforms and/or
layers are reshaped or in which a layer is formed on a preform to
produce a product with two or more generally contiguous layers or
two or more layers are coextruded.
| | (1)
Note. The layers may be of the same or different material
so long as there is a difference in some property of the layers. |
| | (2)
Note. Uniting shaped sheets to form a hollow article is not
considered to make a multilayered product and is provided for in
subclass 545. | |
| | |
| 513 | Including injection: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes in which pressure is applied to the molding material
so as to force the material from a source removed from a closed
mold cavity into the cavity wherein said material assumes the shape
of the interior of said cavity. |
| | |
| 516 | By insertion or application of a preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes in which a preform is introduced into or applied
to the surface of an article or introduced into a fluent material
which is formed into an article or preform.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not include forming one tubular
object from fluent material and then forming another layer thereon. | |
| | |
| 517 | Bulk deposition of particles by differential fluid pressure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes directed to bonding to each other individually
distinct particles which are associated randomly by bulk handling
or deposition to form a layer containing a major amount of the particulate
material.
| | (1)
Note. The relative sizes of the particles are immaterial;
however, the particles must retain their discrete nature during the
associating and bonding operation. Further, the mere presence of
particles in a liquid carrier is not sufficient for this subclass
(e.g., fillers or slurries), this being considered to be the molding
or a fluent or liquid mass rather than the association of particles
and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below. |
| | (2)
Note. The material is usually but not necessarily in the
form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate material
may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the latent adhesive
characteristics of the material. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109, | and the notes thereunder for bulk deposition of
particulate nonmetallic material without the application of direct
fluid pressure. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 39+ for processes for making articles from metal-containing
particulate material using pressure and heat wherein the particulate
material is formed into a shaped body prior to sintering or heating
and a specific pressure or the lack of pressure is recited for the
forming step. |
|
| | |
| 519 | Differential temperature conditioning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processs in which different degrees of heating or cooling
are positively applied to the workpiece to cause one part to be
a higher temperature than another.
| | (1)
Note. To be placed herein, a patent should recite a positively
applied temperature differential. Normal heating or cooling to
ambient temperatures, for example, wherein an article may be cooled
at the surface temporarily more than at the core, is not sufficient
to place a patent herein. |
| | (2)
Note. This subclass does not include heating for stress relief
after forming, such processes will be found with the molding process. | |
| | |
| 521 | Heating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Processes in which the temperature differential is created
by at least heating the workpiece. |
| | |
| 524 | Production of a sealed product or a filled mercantile container: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in which the product of the process is a completely
sealed article or in which the article is filled with a fluid and
sealed.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are balls, incomplete containers, i.e.,
without filling openings and filled containers. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, for forming a container by differential fluid pressure
wherein the fluid is claimed as an edible within that class definition. |
|
| | |
| 527 | Forming multiple containers in a single mold block from
a single length of parison: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in which two or more containers are formed from
a single finite length parison in a single or sequential operation
in a single mold block.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not include continuous clamshell
molds that act on an indefinite length hollow tube. |
| | (2)
Note. Mold block, as used herein, includes a single shape
defining means which defines one or more hollow articles. | |
| | |
| 529 | Including plural distinct steps of differential fluid pressure
induced expansion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in which expansion by differential fluid pressure
of the parison takes place in two or more sequential steps each
of which causes deformation.
| | (1)
Note. One of the steps of expansion may be prepuffing or
free expanding of the workpiece. |
| | (2)
Note. The two or more expansion steps may take place in the
same or different molds, or one expansion step may be carried outside
the mold, i.e., free blowing followed by blow molding, etc. | |
| | |
| 531 | Including shaping by mechanical means other than fluid
pressure during or subsequent to fluid pressure differential shaping: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in which sequential reshaping is carried out by
physical contact with relatively moving forming means.
| | (1)
Note. Severing, bottom pinching and neck molding wherein
the neck is molded as an inherent step in the closing of the mold
about the parison or workpiece are not considered reshaping within
the meaning of this subclass; however, if a separate neck mold is closed
about the neck portion or a mandrel is inserted forcing material
into a neck mold portion of a closed mold this would be sufficient
to be considered reshaping for purposes of this subclass. | |
| | |
| 532 | Shaping is longitudinal or axial stretching prior to or
during differential fluid pressure deformation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes in which, by application of physical force by
a machine part, the greatest dimension of a parison or workpiece
is increased.
| | (1)
Note. The mechanical stretching may be accompanied by increased
fluid pressure differential. |
| | (2)
Note. The mechanical stretching may be accomplished by internal
or external contact. |
| | (3)
Note. Punching of holes in a container absent other significant
deformation is not included herein. Hole formation by differential
fluid pressure is provided for in subclass 504. | |
| | |
| 534 | Shaping is subsequent to expansion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes in which the mechanical reshaping takes place
after an expansion by differential fluid pressure.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are, for example, processes for giving
a container a concave bottom by deformation of a flat or convex
bottom. | |
| | |
| 536 | Including removal of flash or sprue: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in which subsequent to deformation caused by differential
fluid pressure flash or sprue is removed or part of the molded article is
cutaway to form an aperture or two articles are separated by severing.
| | (1)
Note. The severing or removal of flash or sprue may be by
the application of differential fluid pressure. | |
| | |
| 539 | Including extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Processes in which material is shaped to the cross section
of an orifice by forcing it through the confining orifice. |
| | |
| 540 | Including extrusion: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in which material is shaped to the cross section
of an orifice by forcing it through the confining orifice. |
| | |
| 541 | Of irregular or varying cross section: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Processes in which the formed article is of nonuniform cross
section throughout its length, or a portion thereof, which may result
from a gradual change in transverse dimension or through intermittent
or repeated separated irregularities therein. |
| | |
| 543 | Movement is arcuate or rotary: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Processes in which the workpiece is caused to move in a
manner so as to describe or approximate the arc of a circle from
one work station to another. |
| | |
| 546 | Material shaped is a fabric, per se: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in which the material shaped is solely a woven
or nonwoven fabric.
| | (1)
Note. This does not include shaping of fabrics which are
a reinforcing layer in a laminate but will include the temporary uniting
of a fabric with a fluid impervious layer for purposes of shaping. | |
| | |
| 547 | With distinct staged deformation by differential fluid
pressure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in which the differential fluid pressure is applied
in sequential noncontinuous increments.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes processes in which a sheet is
forced in one direction and then the opposite direction by application
of differential fluid pressure. |
| | (2)
Note. A step of curing or vulcanization is not for purposes
of this subclass a shaping step. | |
| | |
| 553 | Including use of vacuum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in which the work is subjected to a pressure less
than atmospheric.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 87, | for processes of removing a liquid through a mold
surface by vacuum. |
| 101+, | for processes of treating work by use of a vacuum
which treatment does not support, shape, or sustain the work. |
|
| | |
| 555 | Production of continuous or running length: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in which a continuous or running length product
is produced.
| | (1)
Note. In this and the indented subclass mechanical treatment
of a continuous or running length tube as by cutting off or slitting
will not defeat placement herein. | |
| | |
| 556 | By casting on to a cooled roll: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Processes in which the indefinite length article is formed
by depositing fluent material on a cylindrical rotating surface
and solidifying the fluent material.
| | (1)
Note. See subclass 212 and the notes thereunder for related
fields of search. | |
| | |
| 559 | With downward movement of workpiece: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Processes in which the workpiece is caused to travel in
a downward direction in or into a liquid bath after an initial forming
step or the workpiece is caused to travel in a downward direction
into annular liquid contact after an initial forming step.
| | (1)
Note. The initial forming step is typically the extrusion
of the tubular workpiece. | |
| | |
| 561 | Contact with liquid coagulant or reactive liquid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes in which a fluent or solid material is contacted
with a liquid which causes a chemical reaction to take place.
| | (1)
Note. A plasticizer in the absence of a clear showing to
the contrary is presumed to be nonreactive. | |
| | |
| 563 | Producing a tubular product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Processes in which the continuous or running length product
formed is hollow.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for supporting or sustaining
a tubular article. | |
| | |
| 566 | With application of external pressure or vacuum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Processes in which the tubular product is shaped by the
application of a positive or negative differential pressure to its
exterior surface.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes application of positive physical
pressure by means of a mechanical device in contact with the work. | |
| | |
| 568 | Including use of vacuum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Processes in which the work is subjected to a pressure less
than atmospheric.
| | (1)
Note. Vacuum as used in this subclass does not include blowing
air across the surface of a tubular product and thus producing a
negative pressure by a venturi effect. | |
| | |
| 569 | Including annular fluid contact: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Processes in which fluid is applied externally in a band
around the circumference of a tubular product which band is of much
shorter length than the tubular article. |
| | |
| 600 | HEAT POLISHING (E.G., GLAZING, ETC.) OF INORGANIC ARTICLE
SURFACE OUTSIDE OF MOLD: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for producing inorganic article by firing outside
of the mold at temperatures sufficiently high to cause only a surface of the article to become
melt smoothed or melt rounded without substantial loss of original self-sustaining
shape of the overall article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15, | for processes of spheroidizing or rounding solid
particle. |
| 129, | Note (1), for a discussion of shaping and coating
combinations. |
| 332, | for fusing or melting inorganic materials, per se,
in a mold or employing a mold. |
| 609, | for particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of plural blocks, tiles, or bricks (e.g., stacking,
utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering, vitrifying, or drying. |
| 680, | for process of otherwise shaping or treating block,
tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying, or firing outside
the mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for processes under the class
definition which include glass fusing or vitrifying. |
| 427, | Coating Processes, for processes including the combination of (a) firing and
coating, or (b) nominal molding, significant coating,
and firing; regardless of the sequence of the respective steps.
However, combinations of (a) significant molding,
firing, and coating, or (b) nominal molding and nominal coating
are classified in Class 264; regardless of the sequence of the respective
steps. |
|
| | |
| 601 | Of clay containing block, tile, or brick: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment
are, often hand-sized, usually rectangular or square, building blocks
of material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is composed
of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials that are plastic
when moist and hard when fired) identified as a block, tile, or brick.
| | (1)
Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere use
of block, tile, or brick without indicated composition will be considered
proper for this subclass, even if not disclosed to contain clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 609, | for particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of plural blocks, tiles, or bricks (e.g., stacking,
utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering, vitrifying, or drying. |
| 644, | for process of shaping or treating multilayered
or composite block, tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying,
or firing outside the mold. |
|
| | |
| 602 | With coating outside of mold: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process wherein there is a combination of significant shaping
and coating of the shaped preform outside of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129, | Note (1), for a discussion of shaping and coating
combinations. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes, for processes including the combination of (a) firing and
coating, or (b) nominal molding, significant coating,
and firing; regardless of the sequence of the respective steps.
However, combinations of (a) significant molding,
firing, and coating, or (b) nominal molding and nominal coating
are classified in Class 264; regardless of the sequence of the respective
steps.
| | (1)
Note. When sintering or firing of a coated or impregnated
fibrous shaped material results in decomposition of the fibrous
material and production of a noncoated or nonimpregnated shaped
product, the process will be considered proper for Class 264. | |
|
| | |
| 603 | OUTSIDE OF MOLD SINTERING OR VITRIFYING OF SHAPED INORGANIC ARTICLE
OR PREFORM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for producing or treating inorganic shaped articles
in which a self-sustaining shaped article or preform comprising
inorganic materials or precursors thereof are fired outside of
the mold at temperatures sufficiently high to cause said article
or preform to become sintered or vitrified without substantial loss
of original self-sustaining shape due to sagging or gravity.
| | (1)
Note. Vitrification is a
densification of inorganic ceramic material that results from firing
at sufficient temperature to produce a progressive fusion of particles through
the assistance of a viscous liquid silaceous-like bonding phase
into a body having dense glass-like characteristics (e.g., hardness,
brittleness, smoothness, etc.). As vitrification progresses, the
proportion of glassy-like bond formed increases and apparent porosity
of the substance decreases without appreciable slumping or sagging. Sintering is the coalescence of parts
through solid state diffusion into a densified solid mass through
heating, generally with fusion limited to only surface layer of
each particle, such that some particulate identity remains. The
partial melting or vitrification of inorganic materials in the mold
is provided for in various subclasses below, such as subclasses
109+ or 332+. |
| | (2)
Note. The terms baking, burning, calcining, or firing recited
in a patent is considered to read on either sintering or vitrifying
and is included herein, unless disclosed as being for some other
purpose or at a clearly too low or inadequate temperature to accomplish
sintering or vitrifying. Baking, burning, calcining, or firing
outside the mold of shaped articles to decompose binder or organometallic
precursors is included hereinunder if other criteria of this subclass
definition are met. However, baking, burning, calcining, or firing,
(a) to render a mass friable, (b) at a temperature only sufficient to
drive out the moisture content, or (c) to volatilize organic material
without decomposition would be excluded from subclasses 603+. |
| | (3)
Note. Articles formed by accretion from bulk having embedded
therein a form to be removed during or after firing are considered
to be self-sustaining bodies for the purpose of this subclass. |
| | (4)
Note. Hot isostatic pressing (i.e., HIP) relates to application
of an equalized fluid pressure to all external sides or surfaces
of an article. This is usually performed outside of a mold in a
gaseous atmosphere at substantially elevated temperatures and pressures.
Lacking an indication to the contrary, hot isostatic pressing per
se of an article or preform will therefore be assumed to occur outside
of a mold at a temperature sufficiently high to be proper for this subclass.
Shaping by applying hot isostatic fluid pressure to a preform using surrounding
liquid (e.g., molten glass coating, melted tin, etc.) or fluid pressure-transmitting
deformable sheath (e.g., metal foil, etc.) will be considered to
be outside a mold for purposes of this subclass. However, so-called "pseudoisostatic
pressing" with loose particulate between solid pressing
surfaces and preform will not be considered proper for this subclass. |
| | (5)
Note. See Lines With Other Classes, "Lines With
the Chemical Classes" (8) of the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 0.5+, | for shaping or treating of radioactive materials
(e.g., sintering uranium oxide rods, etc.). |
| 15, | for processes of spheroidizing or rounding of solid
particles. |
| 16+, | for shaping ceramic dental type articles. |
| 29.1+, | for processes which include a step of carbonizing
by a firing operation which produces a product containing elemental
carbon therein. |
| 30, | for processes of furnace lining or repair which
may include a firing operation. |
| 43+, | for processes of forming pores in inorganic materials
during vitrification or firing. |
| 125+, | for sintering or heat fusion of particles to autogenously
bond while in a mold (e.g., hipping, etc.) |
| 234+, | for applied temperature change out of mold. |
| 332, | for fusing or melting inorganic materials, per se,
in a mold or employing a mold and see (5) Note above. |
| 333+, | for shaping inorganic settable hydraulic compositions
under heat or pressure and see (5) Note above. |
| 345+, | for treating shaped or solid articles by a temperature
change. |
| 405+, | for processes of firing, sintering, or vitrifying
wherein wave energy or electric current is involved. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for processes under the class definition
which include glass fusing or vitrifying. A process directed to
(a) heating a material within the scope of Class 65 to the molten
state and forming a shaped preform therefrom, or (b) bulk depositing
glass fibers into a mold surface and thereafter fusing the fibers
to each other is classified in Class 65. See the definitions of
Class 65, section III B, with particular reference to the line with
this class 264 for processes. See also the search notes to Class
65,
subclasses 17.3 , 376, and 454; and see the class definitions in
this class 264 for further delineation of the line with Class 65.
| | (1)
Note. With regard to glass particle uniting, a recitation
of placing of glass particles (i.e., other than glass fibers or
mineral wool) in their final position in a mold, followed by autogenous
uniting or sintering outside the mold in the configuration or shape
imparted by said mold, will be classified in this Class 264; whether
or not said particles are disclosed to maintain their individual
identities to any degree. Class 264 takes processes directed to
(a) shaping a mass of green siliceous material and subsequently
firing or curing the material to set the material or (b) placing
discrete siliceous particles (i.e., other than glass fibers or mineral
wool) onto a mold surface which particles are heated on or subsequent
to contact with the surface to fuse the particles to each other. |
| | (2)
Note. Using a glass in a molten state as a fluid pressure
transmitting media in hot isostatic pressing of shaped articles
is acceptable in Class 264, if the glass is subsequently removed
and is not part of the final pressed product. | |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
For Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions etc., particularly
subclasses 751+ for processes of heat treating (e.g., calcinating,
fusing, indurating, roasting, sintering, vaporizing, etc.) to preparing
consolidated shaped metalliferous charges (e.g., ore, tailings,
flue dust, fluxes, etc.) or metalliferous treating agents amenable
to Class 75 or Class 420 refining or alloying operation. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 89.11+ for vitrification or firing of a ceramic material
when combined with a laminating step joining preforms. |
| 419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 10+ for processes of making articles from particulate
material containing a metal and nonmetal involving pressure and
heat (e.g., sintering, etc.).
| | (1)
Note. Combined operations involving sintering particulate metal
and particulate ceramic is proper for Class 419. |
| | (2)
Note. If, after Class 419 consolidation of metal particles,
subsequent processing eliminates completely all
free metal from the consolidated shaped particulate free metal by
total conversion thereof to a metal compound or composition (e.g.,
metal oxide, metal nitride, etc.) as a result of firing or sintering
outside of the mold under reactive conditions, placement is to be
considered proper in this section of Class 264. | |
| 427, | Coating Processes, for processes including the combination of (a) firing and
coating, or (b) nominal molding, significant coating, and firing;
regardless of the sequence of the respective steps. However, combinations
of (a) significant molding, firing, and coating, or (b) nominal
shaping and nominal coating are classified in Class 264; regardless
of the sequence of the respective steps. See this class
subclass 129 , Note (1), for a discussion of shaping and coating
combinations.
| | (1)
Note. When sintering or firing of a coated or impregnated
fibrous material results in decomposition of the fibrous material
which acts as a shaping surface and production of a noncoated or
nonimpregnated shaped product, the process will be considered proper
for Class 264. | |
| 432, | Heating,
subclass 6 for a residual heating process including a step
of stacking or aligning the objects to be heated and subclasses
258+ for means for supporting ceramic work during heating;
(i.e., kiln furniture). |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclass for ceramic compositions, per
se, and processes of preparing such compositions.
| | (1)
Note. When nominal molding of a Class 501 composition is involved,
placement in Class 501 is proper if limited to the conditions set
forth in any one of the following situations: (a) No conditions
are specified. (b) Firing for a specified time at a specified temperature
(e.g., firing for 10 minutes at 1000°F, etc.). (c) Blending or
mixing of ingredients of said composition during or prior to the molding
step and a chemical reaction present. |
| | (2)
Note. When molding of a Class 501 composition is involved, Class
264 is proper if any one of the following situations are present:
(a) Significant molding. (b) Nominal molding and specifying firing
or sintering temperature without specifying time of heating. (c)
Nominal molding and raising to specified temperature in a specified
time (e.g., raising to 1000° F in 10 minutes, etc.). (d) Nominal
molding and plural heating steps during or after molding (e.g.,
ramping in stages, etc.). (e) Nominal molding, firing and controlled
cooling. (f) Nominal molding and specifying pressure. (g) Nominal
molding and blending or mixing ceramic with a temporary binder and
firing which decomposes the binder. |
| | (3)
Note. When there is any doubt concerning placement between Class
501 and Class 264 concerning nominal molding, resulting from variations not addressed by the above notes (1) or
(2), original placement will go to Class 264 with a mandatory cross-reference to
Class 501. |
| | (4)
Note. When there is (a) a process claim present that is proper
for Class 264 and (b) a product claim classifiable as Class 501
composition expressed in terms of starting material, placement of
original goes to Class 264. However, when there is (a) a process
claim present that is proper for Class 264 and (b) a product claim
classifiable as a Class 501 composition expressed in terms of a
final processed state (e.g., "sintered" composition,
etc.), placement of original goes to Class 501. | |
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 252+ for the use of vitrification in the treatment of
hazardous or toxic waste for purposes of containment. |
|
| | |
| 604 | Applying hot isostatic fluid pressure to preform using
surrounding liquid (e.g., molten glass, melted tin, etc.) or fluid
pressure-transmitting deformable sheath (e.g., metal foil, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein the shaped article or preform is subjected
to (a) hot isostatic pressing by uniformly applying fluid pressure
thereto through a encompassing liquid (e.g., molten glass, melted
tin, etc.), or (b) hot isostatic fluid pressing through an encompassing
transitory plastic or deformable sheath which transmits the compressing
force isostatically to consolidate the preform without the direct
contact of the fluid.
| | (1)
Note. Since particulate material is not an article or preform,
consolidating of loose particulate by fluid pressure while encased
in a transitory plastic or deformable sheath will be considered
a molding step classifiable elsewhere in this class, such as in
subclasses 500+. | |
| | |
| 605 | Particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging,
or conveying of plural articles
or plural preforms (e.g., stacking,
utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering, vitrifying, or drying: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Processes wherein multiple articles or preforms are placed
or aligned in a particular manner or are in a particular motion
other than mere conveying during sintering, vitrifying, or drying.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 671, | for particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging or conveying of single article or single preform during
firing (e.g., utilizing spacer, etc.) |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclass 789 for processes of arranging articles, per se, for
sintering. |
|
| | |
| 606 | In a tunnel or channel kiln: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Processes wherein an elongated essentially horizontal furnace
is utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 652, | for sintering or vitrifying of a single article
or preform in tunnel or channel kiln. |
|
| | |
| 609 | Of clay containing block, tile, or brick: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment
are hand-sized, usually rectangular, or square building block of
material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is composed
of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials that are plastic
when moist and hard when fired) identified as a block, tile, or brick.
| | (1)
Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere use
of block, tile, or brick will be considered proper for this subclass,
whether or not disclosed to contain clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 601, | for heat polishing or glazing of clay containing
block, tile, or brick. |
| 644, | for process of shaping or treating multilayered
or composite block, tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying,
or firing outside the mold. |
| 680, | for process of otherwise shaping or treating block,
tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying, or firing outside
the mold. |
|
| | |
| 610 | Simultaneously burning, vaporizing, or melting of embedded
element or core to form nonrandom void: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein a specifically located embedded shaping
element or core is concurrently decomposed or liquified to provide
a nonrandom empty region or hole in an article or preform during
sintering or vitrifying of an article or preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41+, | for in situ processes of internally forming pores
or voids in an article or material by occluding or incorporating
void forming or void producing elements or ingredients randomly throughout the plastic forming
material.
| | (1)
Note. A binder will not be considered a void forming or void
producing element or ingredient. | |
|
| | |
| 612 | Using organic binder or organometallic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Process wherein the magnetic article or preform undergoing
shaping or treatment includes either (a) an organic material that
serves to hold material together in a temporary or green shape,
or (b) a compound of metal and an organic material as a transitional
precursor to the final product.
| | (1)
Note. Normally, organic or organometallic compounds will decompose
before fusing or sintering occurs. Thus, the mere indication of
decomposition thereof will not make placement proper under 603,
unless the other criteria for Class 264 sintering, vitrifying, or
partial fusion is present. | |
| | |
| 615 | Capacitor (e.g., condenser, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process wherein the electrical article or component produced
is a device consisting of two conducting surfaces separated by an
insulating material (e.g., air, glass, etc.) and which device is
used to store electrical energy or to release stored electrical
energy dependent upon the potential difference between the separated
conducting surfaces, thus producing a discharge therebetween to
temporarily complete a circuit. |
| | |
| 616 | Resistor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process wherein the electrical article or component produced
is made of a material that has a specified opposition to the flow
of electrical current and is intended to be used to control the amount
of electrical current in a circuit. |
| | |
| 617 | Varistor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Process wherein the resistor varies in resistance depending
on the amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit. |
| | |
| 621 | Utilizing sol or gel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein either (a) a liquid colloidal suspension,
or (b) a colloid in which the disperse phase has combined with the
continuous phase to produce a viscous, jelly-like material, is utilized
at any stage. |
| | |
| 622 | Unconfined drawing or extending of plastic mass to form
article: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Process wherein the article is formed by the free and unconfined
pulling out of a plastic mass.
| | (1)
Note. The surface configuration of the article formed is imparted
solely by the extension and not by coaction of the plastic mass
with a shape imparting mold surface. |
| | (2)
Note. Kneading or mulling operations, per se, (e.g., taffy
pulling type, etc.) are not included herein since a shaped article is
not produced. See subclass 349 and the notes thereto for such subject
matter. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 164+, | for nonsintering process of unconfined drawing or
extending of a plastic mass to make an article. |
| 165+, | for process of forming indefinite length work by
other than unconfined extension of a plastic mass. |
| 288.4, | and 291+, for processes relating to stretching,
per se, of a previously shaped article. |
| 349, | for kneading or mulling operations and see (2) Note
above. |
|
| | |
| 623 | Shaping by extrusion (e.g., spinning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Process wherein an article is formed by forcing a supply
of article forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 176.1+, | for processes of shaping by extrusion that do not
involve sintering of the formed article outside of a mold. |
| 634, | for shaping by extrusion of nonsol or nongel materials
followed by sintering outside the mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion shaping machine for nonmetals;
see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 624 | Using organometallic or organosilicon intermediate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process in which a compound of metal and an organic material,
or silicon and an organic material is the transitional precursor
to the final shaped product.
| | (1)
Note. Normally, organometallic or organosilicon compounds
will decompose before fusing or sintering occurs. Thus, the mere
indication of decomposition thereof will not make placement proper under
603, unless the other criteria of Class 264 sintering, vitrifying,
or partial fusion is present. | |
| | |
| 625 | Forming carbide or carbonitride containing product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Process wherein a product containing a binary compound
of carbon and metal or silicon (e.g., metal carbide, silicon carbide,
etc.) or tertiary compound of carbon, nitrogen, and metal or silicon
(e.g., metal carbonitride, silicon carbonitride, iron nitrocarbide,
etc.) is produced. |
| | |
| 626 | Forming nitride or oxynitride containing product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Process wherein a product containing a binary compound of
nitrogen and metal or silicon (e.g., metal nitride, silicon nitride,
etc.) or tertiary compound of nitrogen, oxygen, and metal or silicon
(e.g., metal oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, etc.) is produced. |
| | |
| 627 | Forming fiber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Process wherein a relatively small, slender discrete mass
having length considerably greater than its breadth (i.e., cross-sectional
diameter) is produced. |
| | |
| 628 | Producing microporous article (e.g., filter, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process for treating an article expressed or claimed as
having small open or interconnected randomly distributed microvoids
or producing an article expressed or claimed as having small open
or interconnected randomly distributed microvoids by uniting particulate
material.
| | (1)
Note. Impregnating a porous preform (e.g.,
sponge, etc.) with inorganic material followed by sintering outside
of the mold to cause formation of a porous inorganic body while
decomposing the preform which acts as a shaping surface is proper
under this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41+, | for in situ processes of internally forming pores
or voids in an article or material by intentionally
occluding or incorporating void forming or void producing
elements or ingredients randomly throughout
the plastic forming material.
| | (1)
Note. Thus, incorporating particulate organic material in
an inorganic forming material with subsequent burning decomposition
of the particulate organic material to form random pores in an inorganic
product would be proper under subclass 44, hereinabove. | |
| 317, | for processes generally which involves the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void. |
| 321, | for processes of reshaping previously foamed material. |
|
| | |
| 630 | Producing honeycomb shape: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Process wherein the article produced has a continuous parallel
orderly series of open or empty, usually hexagonal, interconnected
macrostructural cells which resemble a natural honeycomb.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 41, | for in situ processes of internally forming pores
or voids in an article or material by occluding or incorporating
void forming or void producing elements or ingredients randomly throughout the plastic forming
material. |
|
| | |
| 632 | Producing hollow article (e.g., tube, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein the article produced has an empty indention
or inward curve (e.g., tube, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 610, | for simultaneously burning, vaporizing, or melting
of embedded element or core to form nonrandom void. |
|
| | |
| 634 | Shaping by Extrusion (e.g., spinning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Process wherein an article is formed by forcing a supply
of article forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 638, | for shaping nonhollow bodies by extrusion (e.g.,
spinning, etc.). |
|
| | |
| 635 | Utilizing core mandrel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Process wherein a shaping means serves as a center around
which material is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 610, | for processes of simultaneously burning, vaporizing,
or melting of embedded core to form a nonrandom void. |
|
| | |
| 638 | Shaping by extrusion (e.g., spinning, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein an article is formed by forcing a supply
of article forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 176.1+, | for processes of shaping by extrusion that do not
involve sintering of the formed article outside of a mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion shaping machine for nonmetals;
see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| | |
| 639 | Of indefinite length product (e.g., sheet, tape, rod, fiber,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Process wherein a continuous, running or indefinite length
body is formed by an uninterrupted molding step.
| | (1)
Note. The final article produced need not be of indefinite
length, as for example, wherein the continuous, running or indefinite
length body is cut into predetermined length pieces. |
| | (2)
Note. Extrusion is generally assumed to produce an indefinite
length product unless otherwise indicated. | |
| | |
| 640 | Producing fiber containing article or fiber: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein (a) an article is formed which contains
a relatively small slender discrete mass having length considerably
greater than its breadth (i.e., cross-sectional diameter), or (b)
producing a relatively small slender discrete mass having length
considerably greater than breadth or cross-sectional diameter are produced. |
| | |
| 643 | Shaping followed by article coating or impregnating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Process wherein, subsequent to a shaping operation, the
shaped article is coated or impregnated by applying material thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 129+, | for nonsintering or vitrifying processes that combine
shaping with printing or coating of a workpiece outside the mold. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 427, | Coating Processes, for processes including the combination of (a) firing and
coating, or (b) nominal molding, significant coating, and firing;
regardless of the sequence of the respective steps. However, combinations
of (a) significant molding, firing, and coating, or (b) nominal
shaping and nominal coating are classified in Class 264; regardless
of the sequence of the respective steps. |
|
| | |
| 644 | Clay containing block, tile, or brick: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Process wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment
are, often hand-sized, usually rectangular or square, building blocks
of material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is composed
of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials that are plastic
when moist and hard when fired) identified as a block, tile, or brick.
| | (1)
Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere use
of block, tile, or brick will be considered proper for this subclass,
whether or not disclosed to contain clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 601, | for heat polishing or glazing Of clay containing
block, tile, or brick. |
| 609, | for a particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of polural clay containing blocks, tiles,
or bricks. |
| 680, | for process of otherwise shaping or treating block,
tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying, or firing outside
the mold. |
|
| | |
| 645 | Introducing material under pressure into mold (e.g., injection
molding, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein material under pressure from a source removed
from a closed mold cavity is forced into a closed mold cavity and
assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 321.1, | for injection molding without sintering or vitrifying. |
| 537+, | for injection molding of a hollow blank portion
prior to pneumatic pressure application to the inside. |
|
| | |
| 649 | Utilizing exothermic reaction: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein, during any stage in the process, materials
are brought into contact with each other or with a suitable outside
agent, to produce a chemical reaction that generates more heat than
is required to initiate reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, for exothermic compositions. |
|
| | |
| 652 | Sintering or vitrifying in a tunnel or channel kiln: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein an elongated, essentially horizontal, furnace
heating means is used to sinter, or vitrify the article or preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 606, | for a particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of plural articles or plural preforms in a
tunnel or channel kiln. |
|
| | |
| 653 | Including plural heating steps: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein there are multiple steps or stages of heating.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are processes in which (a)
the temperature is varied over a given time span, (b) the preform
is subjected to two or more distinct heating steps, (c) the product
is cooled under controlled conditions, or (d) a portion of the product
is heated or cooled at a different rate than other portions. | |
| | |
| 659 | Forming nitride or oxynitride containing product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Process wherein a product containing a binary compound of
nitrogen and metal or silicon (e.g., metal nitride, silicon nitride,
etc.) or tertiary compound of nitrogen, oxygen, and metal or silicon
(e.g., metal oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, etc.) is produced. |
| | |
| 669 | Utilizing binder to add green strength to preform: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein a, usually organic, material is utilized
to join particulate into a cohering self-sustaining preform capable
of maintaining shape without disintegration.
| | (1)
Note. During sintering, the shape of this temporary preform
(i.e., green body) is retained due to particle-to-particle surface
bonding, while organic binder is simultaneously removed by volatilization
or decomposition. | |
| | |
| 671 | Particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging
or conveying of single article or preform
(e.g., utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering, vitrifying, or
drying: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein an article or preform is placed or aligned
in a particular manner or is in a particular motion other than mere
conveying during sintering, vitrifying, or drying.
| | (1)
Note. To be placed herein a patent must disclose a particular
or specific manner of positioning, arranging or conveying. Nominal
recitation of these steps is not considered to be significant for
purposes of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 605, | Particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging,
or conveying of plural articles
or plural preforms (e.g., stacking,
utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering, |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclass 789 for processes of arranging articles, per se, for
sintering. |
|
| | |
| 672 | To control or compensate shrinkage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Process wherein an expressed purpose for positioning, arranging
or conveying includes regulating contraction or uneven contraction
of the article or preform during a heating or cooling operation. |
| | |
| 674 | Involving specified composition of heating atmosphere other
than air: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein the constitution of gaseous environment
utilized during a heating step is specified, excluding the inherent
composition of natural air.
| | (1)
Note. Merely, specifying that the heating step takes place
in air or under atmospheric conditions will not be
sufficient for placement under this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 646, | Utilizing chemically reactive atmosphere other than
air during sintering to convert precursor to ceramic material. |
|
| | |
| 675 | Containing water vapor: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Process wherein the gaseous composition contains water vapor,
excluding that water vapor which would be naturally present in air. |
| | |
| 678 | With article cutting, punching, or grinding: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein a step of severing, puncturing, or abrading
of an article or preform occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 138, | for nonsintering or vitrifying processes of this
class with severing, removing material from preform mechanically,
or mechanically subdividing of workpiece. |
|
| | |
| 679 | Of clay containing material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process wherein an article or preform undergoing shaping
or treatment is a material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material
that is composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials
that are plastic when moist and hard when fired). |
| | |
| 680 | Clay containing block, tile, or brick: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Process wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment
are, often hand-sized, usually rectangular or square, building blocks
of material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is composed
of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials that are plastic
when moist and hard when fired) identified as a block, tile, or brick.
| | (1)
Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere use
of block, tile, or brick will be considered proper for this subclass,
whether or not disclosed to contain clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 601, | for heat polishing or glazing of clay containing
block, tile, or brick. |
| 609, | for a particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of polural clay containing blocks, tiles,
or bricks. |
| 644, | for process of shaping or treating multi-layered
or composite block, tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying,
or firing outside the mold. |
|
| | |
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
| 900 | DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO SHAPE, RESHAPE
(I.E., DISTORT), OR SUSTAIN AN ARTICLE OR PREFORM AND HEAT-SETTING
(I.E., CRYSTALLIZING OF STRETCHED OR MOLECULARLY ORIENTED PORTION)
THEREOF: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Cross-reference art collection directed to a process under
the ... wherein (a) elongation or molecular alignment of at least
a portion of a workpiece occurs when positive or negative fluid
pressure differential is applied through a medium of liquid or gas
in direct contact with the workpiece, and the elongated or aligned portion
of the workpiece is heated to stabilize the shape thereof by crystallizing;
or (b) the shape of a previously elongated or molecularly oriented
workpiece is maintained by application of a positive or negative
fluid pressure differential while the workpiece is heated to stabilize
the shape thereof by crystallizing.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass, crystallizing refers to the establishment
of a long range order within the polymeric mass wherein intermolecular
attractions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, Van der Vaal forces, etc.)
stabilize the polymeric chains into a regular lattice often typified
by a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern. |
| | (2)
Note. Heat-setting improves stabilization of blow-molded
or vacuum-formed articles against shrinkage or deformation when
in use in an elevated temperature environment. | |
| | |
| 903 | Heat-setting and simultaneous differential heating of stretched
or molecularly oriented section of article or preform: |
| | Process under cross-reference art collection 900 wherein
subsequent to elongating or molecularly orienting using differential
fluid pressure, the stretched or molecularly oriented workpiece
is simultaneously heat-set and subjected to differential heat treatment
such that one section of the stretched or oriented portion of the
workpiece is subjected to a higher temperature than another section
of the stretched or oriented portion of the workpiece.
| | (1)
Note. If there is a heat differential between an unoriented
neck portion of an article and an oriented portion of the same article,
placement under this subclass is improper unless there is also a heat
differential within the oriented (i.e., non-neck) portion of the
article. | |
| | |
| 904 | Maintaining article in fixed shape during heat-setting: |
| | Process under cross-reference art collection 900 wherein
the shape of a previously stretched or molecularly oriented workpiece
is sustained by application of a positive or negative fluid pressure
differential while the workpiece undergoes heat-setting. |
| | |
| 907 | DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO SHAPE, RESHAPE
(I.E., DISTORT), OR SUSTAIN AN ARTICLE OR PREFORM AND CRYSTALLIZING
OF NONSTRETCHED OR MOLECULARLY UNORIENTED PORTION THEREOF: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Cross-reference art collection directed to a process under
the ... wherein (a) a positive or negative fluid pressure differential
is applied through a medium of liquid or gas in direct contact with
a workpiece to form, reform, or sustain the workpiece, and (b) the
workpiece is treated to crystallize only a nonelongated or molecularly
unoriented portion thereof.
| | (1)
Note. In this subclass, crystallizing refers to the establishment
of a long range order within the polymeric mass wherein intermolecular
attractions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, Van der Vaal forces, etc.)
stabilize the polymeric chains into a regular lattice often typified
by a characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern. |
| | (2)
Note. In this subclass, crystallizing is not limited to use
of heating or cooling. Thus, utilization of only pressure to crystallize
would be proper hereunder. | |
| | |
| 909 | DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO STRETCH
AN ARTICLE OR PREFORM AND HEAT SHRINKING OF STRETCHED ARTICLE OR
PREFORM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Cross-reference art collection directed to a process under
the ... wherein (a) elongation of a workpiece occurs when a positive
or negative fluid pressure differential is applied through a medium
of a liquid or gas in direct contact with the workpiece, and (b)
the resulting elongated workpiece is heated to contract at least
one dimension thereof, thus forming a shrunken article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 900+, | for heat-setting of stretched or molecularly oriented
articles. |
| 906+, | for crystallizing of a nonstretched or molecularly
unoriented portion of a workpiece. |
|
| | |
| 910 | SINTERING TO PRODUCE TRANSLUCENT INORGANIC ARTICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Cross-reference art collection for process of producing
an inorganic article which permits passage of diffused light such
that objects are not clearly seen
therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1.1+, | for optical article shaping or treating processes
directed to forming articles capable of producing an optical effect. |
|
| | |
| 911 | RECYCLING CONSUMER USED ARTICLES OR PRODUCTS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein reusable materials are recovered from
worn or nonvirgin consumer used articles and formed into useful
products by a molding operation. |
| | |
| 912 | From toroidal shapes (e.g., resilient tires, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processeswherein the consumer
used article from which useful material is recovered is toroidal
shaped (e.g., doughnut shaped).
| | (1)
Note. A toroidal shape is comprised of a solid figure generated
when rotated about an axis lying in the same plane therewith, but
not intersecting or containing, an axis in its own plane. |
| | (2)
Note. The majority of the art in this subclass relates to
processes for recovering useable material from worn or damaged vehicle
tires, but the subclass is not so limited. | |
| | |
| 913 | From fiber or filament, or fiber or filament containing
article or product (e.g., textile, cloth, fabric, carpet, fiberboard,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes ,wherein the
consumer used article from which useful material is recovered is
a fiber or filament containing product or fiber or filament, per
se.
| | (1)
Note. A fiber or filament is generally considered a relatively
slender, flexible element of macroscopic size having a length substantially
greater than its width. | |
| | |
| 914 | From cellulose containing articles (e.g., paper, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 912. Processes wherein the fiber or filament containing product
or fiber or filament, per se, contains cellulose.
| | (1)
Note. Cellulose, which is used in the manufacture of paper,
is a carbohydrate polymer of glucose residue units found in the
walls and skeletons of vegetable cells. | |
| | |
| 915 | From inorganic material containing articles or products
(e.g., hydro-set, cement, plaster, wire, cable, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes wherein the consumer
used article from which useful material is recovered contains inorganic
matter.
| | (1)
Note. Inorganic material which also contains organic material
as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., is properly classified
herein. |
| | (2)
Note. Inorganic material which also contains organic material
as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., is properly classified
herein. | |
| | |
| 917 | By blow molding material recycled from consumer used article
or product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes wherein the material
recovered from the consumer used article is reused in a blow molding
operation.
| | (1)
Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive
or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or
gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration. | |
| | |
| 921 | By injection molding material recycled from consumer used
article or product: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes wherein the material
recovered from the consumer used article is reused in an injection
molding operation.
| | (1)
Note. Injection molding is considered an operation wherein
pressure is applied to a molding material so as to force said material
from a source removed from a closed mold cavity into said cavity wherein
the material assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity. | |
| | |
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions for FOR 100-FOR 102 below correspond to
the definitions for only the following abolished subclasses under
Class 264 from which these collections were formed: 36 - 38. See
the Foreign Art Collection schedule for specific correspondences. [Note: The titles and definitions for indented art
collections include all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically
superior.] |
| FOR 100 | REPAIRING OR RESTORING ARTICLES FOR REUSE (264/36): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
a worn, damaged, or used article is restored or repaired for reuse
in a similar capacity without altering or destroying the over-all
configuration of said article. |
| | |
| FOR 101 | RECYCLING OF RECLAIMED OR PURIFIED PROCESS MATERIAL (264/37): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
excess, flash, trim, rejected products or used molding materials
resulting from an intermittent or continuous process or treating
materials therefor, are recycled or reused in the molding operation
with or without purification, reclamation or separation of the desired
constituents from contaminants. |
| | |
| FOR 102 | Of extrudant-receiving bath material (264/38): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the bath contents or ingredient thereof into which article forming
material is extruded directly is reused by recycling thereof. |
| | |
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CLASS 264,