SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
The appearance of a term with an asterisk (*) indicates that
a definition for that term will be found in Section IV, Glossary.
Subject matter provided for in this class:
i) colloid systems (also called colloid dispersions* or colloid
suspensions), including aerosols, smokes, fogs, liquid foams, emulsions,
sols*, gels, coagulates, or pastes, shown by bold outline
in the following table (note: gels may be composed of continuous
or dispersed liquid phase in a continuous solid matrix):
ii) wetting agents* (compositions for wetting surfaces, including
spreading, penetrating, or leveling);
iii) subcombination compositions of colloid systems or wetting
agents* containing at least an agent specialized and designed
for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems
or in wetting agents*, which includes:
(a) compositions fully compounded for and intended to be
made into a colloid system, such as an assemblage of compounds merely
requiring non-material input (such as agitation) to effect a colloid
system;
(b) compositions consisting of a potential dispersand* combined
with a colloid system making or stabilizing agent*;
(c) compositions consisting of a mixture of colloid system
making or stabilizing agents*, or, of one such agent* and
an adjuvant*, or, of a mixture of adjuvants*, in
each instance the composition lacking both the material* to
be dispersed and the material* in which it is to be dispersed,
including thickening, suspending, stabilizing agents*,
or protective colloid compositions;
iv) compositions and subcombination compositions specialized
and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems;
v) processes of making or stabilizing the compositions or
systems of i), ii), iii), or iv), hereinabove;
(vi) processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid
systems, by any means, physical or chemical, including, but not
limited to, use of, alone or in combination, mechanical treatment,
composition, compound, or temperature control (heat or cold);
in each case, where not elsewhere provided for, such as may
be set forth in Search Class notes in Reference to Other Classes,
below.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. Class 252
This class is an integral part of Class 252, as shown by the
position of the box indentifying this Class in the Class 252 schedule
(immediately following subclass 193, AMMONIA, ALKALI OR BASE, BINDANT CONTAINING,
and immediately preceding subclass 363.5, SOLIDS WITH SOLUTION OR
DISPERSION AIDS). As such, this class follows the schedule hierarchy,
and is subject to the class definition and notes of Class 252 unless
superseded by explicit statements in the Class 516 definition and
notes.
The foreign patents and non-patent literature from 252/302+ were
not reclassified into the Class 516 schedule and have been transferred
to the Art Collections FOR 100 -FOR 163 in Class 516. The parenthetical
classifications in the titles for FOR subclasses refer to the abolished
US classifications from which these are collections were derived.
B. Colloidally Sized Materials, Per Se, Are Not Placed in
Class 516
A compound, element, or composition of matter in finely-divided
solid state is not considered to be sufficient by itself for placement
in Class 516. Finely-divided compounds, elements, composites, and
compositions of matter are placed in the US Patent Classification
System (USPCS) where such compounds, elements, composites, and compositions
of matter are classifiable.
C. Guidelines for OR (Original Reference) and XR (Cross Reference)
Placement
Colloid systems (emulsions, foams, etc.) and surfactants therefor
(emulsifying, dispersing, stabilizing, foaming agents*,
etc.) are widely used in industrial, commercial, and home applications.
The USPCS provides for many specifically claimed applications/uses
in various composition and process art classes and subclasses.
Accordingly, colloid systems are found throughout the USPCS, i.e.,
in those places where it is specifically provided for. Where reference
is made to art-class or art use class or specific art application
or intended use such is understood to be shorthand for classes
or subclasses in the USPCS including the provided-for compositions
of Class 252.
To determine OR placement among various USPCS composition
classes, see the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS
CLASS in Class 252 Definition for a hierarchical list of composition
classes and how it is to be used as a placement tool.
For placement of ORs, Class 516 generally provides only for
patents which contain: (i)only generic claims, where generic refers
to the claims having no recited application or intended use (NOTE:
this is superseded by those art-classes, such as Classes 424,
508, and 510, which provide for both claims with specific art application
or intended use and generic claims when the specification solely
discloses that specific art application or intended use. See relevant
class definitions or the Search Class notes herein to ascertain
which classes provide for solely disclosed art.); or (ii) claimed
specific art application(s) or intended use(s) which is(are) hierarchically
inferior to Class 516 (based on the hierarchical list in the section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class 252) or
is(are) NOT provided-for in the USPCS, whether or not generic claims
are also present.
When Class 516 provides for the OR, placement of XRs outside
of Class 516 is mandatory for all disclosed specific art applications
or intended uses for which an art-class provides.
When a class other than Class 516 provides for the OR, placement
of XRs in Class 516 is only mandatory when there is a claim which
meets (i) or (ii) hereinabove and is optional when there is only
a generic disclosure of Class 516 subject matter. See (6) Note,
hereinbelow, for guidance on placing generic disclosure or claim.
If none of these conditions are met, placement of an XR into Class
516 is unnecessarily duplicative since Class 516 is not intended
to include colloid systems which are exclusively directed to subject
matter for which USPCS explicitly provides an art-class.
D. Subcombination Compositions are Placed with Ultimate Intended
Use Within Class 516
Processes of making or stabilizing a colloid system, subcombination
compositions of colloid systems, and processes of making subcombination
compositions are placed in the same subclass as the colloid system.
Similarly, processes of colloid system breaking or inhibiting are
placed along with the colloid system breaking or inhibiting agents* or
adjuvant* compositions therefor. Similarly, methods of
making wetting agents* or subcombinations of wetting agents* are
placed with the compositions containing the wetting agent*.
Often this means that placement will be premised on the claims read
in light of disclosure.
Patents may claim subject matter which may be placed in more
than one mainline area, for example: (1) claiming both an aqueous
colloid system and a method of using it as a colloid system breaker
; (2) claiming a method of breaking a suspension colloid system
which thereby produces a gel or floc colloid system; (3) claiming
an emulsion colloid system with an ultimate intended use in making
a gel colloid system; and (4) claiming a method of making a gel
colloid system which passes through a sol colloid system phase.
In these instances, the OR is placed in the first subclass of Class 516
which provides for claimed subject matter. This is the standard
USPCS rule for OR determination within a class. When OR placement
is other than the where the ultimate intended use is, such as examples
(1), (2), and (3) hereinabove, cross-referencing is mandatory to
the ultimate intended use area(s). Unclaimed, but disclosed, class
subject matter, such as example (4) hereinabove, is subject to discretionary
cross-referencing by the Examiner.
E. Subcombination Compositions, Intended for Making Colloid
Systems or Wetting Agents* Which are Provided for Outside
of Class 516, May be Placed in Class 516
Class 516 provides for subcombination compositions of colloid
systems or wetting agents* even when the complete colloid
system or wetting agent* itself is properly placed in another
class, unless such subcombination composition is specifically provided
for in another class. For example, a subcombination composition
of a mixture of surfactants which is intended for use in emulsifying
latex is provided for in Class 516, even though the complete emulsion
colloid system (the emulsified latex) is proper for placement in
the Class 520 series because the Class 520 series does not provide
for such subcombination. A claimed dispersing composition intended for
dispersing latex droplets in an aqueous continuous phase is properly
placed in Class 516, subclasses 53+.
F. Compounds Includes Polymers
The term compound is used to mean the more or less pure substances* of
Class 532-570 series as well as the synthetic resins of Class 520
series and the substances* of Class 423. Thus, the term
organic* compound encompasses acetic acid as well as polyacrylamide,
and the term inorganic* compound encompasses water as well
as silica.
G. Guidelines for Placing Generic Disclosure or Generic Claims
The placement of any generic subject matter must be premised
on the generic subject matter rather than upon specific art application
or intended use for which a classification is already made in an
art-class. In other words, when a claim has already been classified
in another class, then that basis of classification should not be
used to infer a specific detail for a generic disclosure; this
obviates placements which merely duplicate placement in an art-class.
For example, a claimed surfactant mixture with the sole specific
disclosed use of an aqueous phase laundry cleaning agent (which
is properly OR in Class 510) and further generically described as
useful for surfactant uses or other such broad language which
does not afford determination of, or limitation to, a specific continuous
phase of a colloid system, is placed in Class 516, subclass 9, because
no continuous phase is specified and all the indented subclasses
are based upon a specified continuous phase. If the broad language
does specify subject matter so as to satisfy an indented subclass
area, then placement is made in an indented subclass; multiple placements
made be required in the case of generic and sub-generic type disclosures
References which altogether fail to disclose the particulars
of the colloid system in which they are to be used (i.e., their
ultimate intended colloid system is unspecified) are placed in an
appropriate generic subclass. For example, if the claims are to
an agent* for a dispersion or emulsion colloid system (or
to a dispersion or emulsion colloid system itself) and the patent
disclosure fails to identify the continuous phase (dispersant*),
then proper placement is Class 516, subclass 9.
H. Colloid Systems Provided for Elsewhere
A concerted attempt has been made to specifically identify
and list in section IV, below, those subclasses which specifically
provide for colloid systems, related compositions, and related processes.
However, even in classes which provide for colloid systems, there
are not always specific subclasses for this subject matter. Hence,
no guarantee can be made that every subclass containing colloid
system subject matter has been identified and listed. Furthermore,
even in cases where a subclass has specific reference to a colloid
system, the hierarchy of that class must be considered to assess
whether that provision in fact provides for all colloid systems
otherwise proper for that class. Accordingly, the user should carefully
assess whether the subclasses in other classes in the USPCS which
specify a colloid system are the only subclasses in which to find
colloid systems appropriate to that class. The user is advised
to consult with an expert in the particular class of interest in
order to obtain a complete assessment of where to search for any
particular colloid system, composition, or process.
I. Glossary References
Carbohydrate; Carbohydrate-Derivative This definition follows
the definition of Class 536, subclass 1.11.
Mineral-Oil The text used in this definition was adopted
from Class 208.
Organic; Organic Compound; Organic Group When the expression
organic or organic compound or organic group is used in this
class (516), it means a compound or group which meets the requirements
of the Class 260 definition.
Resin, Natural Class 530, subclasses 200+, contain information
related to this definition.
Rosin Class 530, subclasses 200+, contain information related
to this definition.
Spreading Agent Class 516, subclasses 198+, contain information
related to this definition.
Tall Oil Class 530, subclasses 200+, contain information
related to this definition.
Wetting Agent Class 516, subclasses 198+, contain information
related to this definition.
The rules for determining class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in
the class definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER
CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY,
subsection Composition Class Superiority, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
III. SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for broadly defined surfactants. |
| 9, | for an agent for a dispersion or emulsion colloid
system (or a dispersion or emulsion colloid system itself), where
the continuous phase (dispersant) is not identified. |
| 20+, | and 53+ for an emulsion colloid system. |
| 31+, | and 77+ for a sol colloid system phase. |
| 38+, | 53+, and 77+ for an aqueous colloid
system. |
| 53+, | for a claimed dispersing composition intended for
dispersing latex droplets in an aqueous continuous phase. |
| 98+, | for a gel or floc colloid system. |
| 98+, | for use in making a gel colloid system. |
| 98+, | for a method of making a gel colloid system. |
| 113+, | for processes of colloid system breaking or inhibiting. |
| 198+, | for methods of making wetting agents or subcombinations
of wetting agents, and the wetting agents or subcombinations of
wetting agents. |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses. See the main class definition for
the special use compositions classified therein, which include those
compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically
intended for such use, including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods (such
as surfactant compositions, per se). Surfactants and colloid systems
useful in Class 8 processes and compositions include, but are not
limited to, wetting agents (e.g., with dyes), de-aerating agents*,
foam suppressants, foam carriers (e.g., for dyeing, finishing, coating).
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 477 for foam dye composition. |
| 34, | Drying and Gas Vapor Contact with Solids, for process and apparatus for (1) the separation of liquids
from solids, i.e., drying, (2) the contacting of solids with either,
or both, gases or vapors, (3) feather treatment. Areas known to have
documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 302+ for processes under that class definition of treating a
flowable material wherein the material is congealed, thickened,
jelled, or stiffened in any way. |
| 40, | Card, Picture or Sign Exhibiting, Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 213 for smoke producing apparatus and systems limited
to skywriting. |
| 43, | Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, for methods and apparatus relating to trapping of wild
animals, the catching of fish, especially food fish, and the destruction
of all animal life obnoxious or pestiferous to man, not including catching
and restraining devices for use with domestic animals or fowls nor
the destruction of insects on such live stock, and not including bee-moth
catchers. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclasses 124+ for process and apparatus the primary object of
which is to destroy or kill vermin without trapping them (particularly
see subclasses 125+ for apparatus for creating or involving
fumes or smoke when such fumes are used for destroying vermin and not
for general disinfecting or similar purposes, subclass 132.1 for
devices or processes under subclass 124 for destroying invertebrate
animals, i.e., insects), cross-reference art collection 900 for
apparatus for dispersing i.e., spraying, a liquid mass or jet of
droplets used to destroy insects. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for compositions to be used either
as a fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant in a metallurgical process;
including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor,
or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended
for such use. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 265+ for a gelled fuel composition, subclass 275 for
candle making composition, subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous
fuel dispersed in a liquid medium (such as dispersed coal), subclasses
301+ for liquid fuels comprising an emulsion. |
| 47, | Plant Husbandry, for apparatus and processes employed in treating the earth
and its products and includes all inventions relating thereto that have
not been especially provided for in other classes. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 2 , methods and devices for preventing the freezing
of trees and plants and their fruit (such as misting). |
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials or compositions
designed for an abrading purpose; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 60, | Power Plants, for process and apparatus which include driving a load
by conversion of heat, pressure, radiant, or gravitational energy
into mechanical motion, such as rockets. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein the
propellant is a gelatinous precipitate, subclass 39.464 for reaction
motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel
may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension. |
| 62, | Refrigeration, for processes and apparatus peculiar to removing heat from
a substance, the resultant product, and processes and apparatus peculiar
to handling the resultant product as a stored product, not elsewhere
provided for. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 54.1 for process or apparatus for storing a cryogen
as a mixture of diverse phases such as a gel or colloid suspension. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing, for processes and/or apparatus for making stock
or articles of glass and processes and/or apparatus for
treating glass stock or articles. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which includes
a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage
of working or treating glass. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for plant fertilizing compositions;
including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions
therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended
for such use. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 64.08 for slurry or suspension, subclass 64.09 for gels,
cross-reference art collection 900 for foams. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, (1) as the generic class for processes and apparatus for
making a measurement of any kind or for making a test of any kind,
and all such subject matter not provided for in other classes, (2)
where the term "test" includes inspection, processes and apparatus
for determining qualities by inspection being included where not
provided for in other classes, (3) as the generic class for sampling and
all sampling apparatus and processes not otherwise provided for
(see
subclasses 863+ and the notes thereto). Refer to the class definition
for guidance on location of measuring and testing arts throughout
the USPCS. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include: subclasses 19.01+ for a process
or an apparatus for determining the nature or amount of gas in a
substance other than gas, subclasses 28.01+ for measuring
solid content of gas (e.g., particle), subclasses 53.01+ for
liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid
(particularly subclass 60.11 for determining cleaning or foaming
ability, subclasses 61.44+ for determining content or effect
of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g., multiphase
liquid), subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability
of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 61.71+ for determining
content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent
of a liquid mixture, subclasses 64.41+ for a process or
an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a
constituent of, or a property of, a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes of obtaining free
metals from metal compounds, ores, or mixtures, or preparing materials
for such processes, or compositions for use in such processes, and
for alloys and other compositions having a continuous phase of free
metal, e.g., made from metal powder. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 415 for pyrometallurgical processes involving amalgam
and producing a foamed (porous) solid, cross-reference art collection 953
for subject matter of the class in which spheres are produced. |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes involving mechanical
or manipulative operations or steps resulting in separation of a
gas from a fluid mixture comprising (a) a gas and solid or liquid
particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid and gas entrained therein,
or (c) a plurality of gases, however Class 516 provides for compositions
or processes for making or breaking colloid systems (foams, gels,
emulsions, etc.) by utilization of agent* compositions
whether alone or combined with a mechanical or manipulative operation.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field
(e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.), subclass 150 for contacting
fluid mixture with a liquid and including foaming of liquid to aid
in the separation, subclass 152 for contacting fluid mixture with
a liquid and including coagulating or flocculating agent, subclass
155 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid and including defoaming
or antifoaming agent, subclass 157 for contacting fluid mixture
with a liquid to degasify and including defoaming, subclasses 241+ for
processes of degasification of a liquid (especially subclass 242
for defoaming, subclass 253 for emulsion breaking or multiple liquid
separating). Also see Search Class reference to Class 239, below. |
| 102, | Ammunition and Explosives, for ammunition intended to be propelled by explosives and materials
intended to be projected (pyrotechnic devices) and methods of use.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 334 for apparatus for and methods of smoke generating (i.e.,
causing vapor, cloud, etc., to be formed by a burning), subclasses
335+ for pyrotechnics apparatus and corresponding methods
designed to produce smoke, light, heat, and/or noise (e.g.,
fireworks display, amusement, flash photo, signal), subclass 365
for liquid or jelly incendiary apparatus or method of use, subclasses
367+ for apparatus for or methods of using an explosion
to cause a liquid, solid, or gas to be scattered or spread about
in the form of a mist, vapor, particles, or gas (e.g., noxious or
incapacitating, plant, insect, animal, foliage, biological warfare/chemical
warfare). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and
materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified; including colloid
systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or
appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for
such use. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclasses 162.1+ for coating or plastic composition containing
a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative* which
may be an emulsion (e.g., cellulose ether or ester), subclass 271
for dispersions of paraffin wax in water which contain more than
just the material necessary to produce or stabilize the dispersion,
subclass 277 for bituminous emulsions which contain more than just
those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, subclass
278 for bituminous dispersions which contain more than just those
components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, subclass
646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which
sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually
forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow,
or porous material. |
| 109, | Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, for I. Safes: all buildings and receptacles which have
combined therewith (a) means in addition to their structure and/or
(b) means built into their structure, for repelling or protecting
their contents (including living beings) from explosion, penetration
of missiles, other attacks by force or stealth (including burglary or
larceny), fire, or for any other protective, or safe-guarding purpose
not elsewhere provided for; II. Bank protection devices: banks,
stores, or other related institutions, having means to protect or
defend them and their personnel against a burglary or robbery attack;
III. Related devices: all devices not elsewhere classified for
preventing physical objects (including living beings) from being
harmed by violence of any kind, or from getting into unauthorized
possession of any person. Areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 29+ for devices of the class combined with means for
releasing, generating and/or distributing gas, smoke, vapors
and/or liquids either manually, automatically upon attack,
or automatically in case of fire, which fluent material is normally,
but not necessarily, toxic, noncombustible, or incapacitating and
may normally, but not necessarily, be used to repel attacks and/or
put out, prevent, or impede the action of a fire, and this includes
devices relating to jails, where the purposes of this subclass are
also present. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces, for apparatus for the application of heat, including cooking
and heating stoves, hot-air furnaces, and accessories; hot-air radiators
and heating drums; open water heaters, steaming apparatus, dampers, fireplaces,
and stovepipes; the fuel burner when combined with the stove or
furnace structure; combinations of a particular stove or furnace
structure of the type classified in this Class 126 with a closed
water heater or steam generator; water heaters of only the nonpressure
type unless they are structurally tied to the stove or furnace or
form a necessary part thereof, and grates of general use in stoves, hot-air
furnaces, or boiler furnaces. Areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 59.5 portable devices for generating heat or smoke for
protecting orchards from frost (e.g., smudge pots). |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for apparatus for or processes of cleaning, which may
include use of detergents, or for contacting solids with liquids
for any purpose not provided for in another class. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling, for residual subject matter relating to fluid material
handling, and processes, systems, combinations, subcombinations,
and certain elements pertaining thereto not otherwise classified.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material
is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow
characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent,
viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other
forms of energy, subclasses 170.1+ for apparatus for foam
control in gas charged liquids. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits, for: A. Tubular members of definite or indefinite length
including wall structure of the tubular members, the end structure
of the tubular members of definite length, if not elsewhere classifiable;
B. Fluid pressure compensators (e.g., accumulators or cushioning
devices), flow regulators, or baffles not restricted by structure
to use with any particular art; C. Devices for thawing frozen fluid
in pipes, for preventing the fluid in the pipes from freezing and
for preventing the pipe from bursting if the fluid freezes; D. Pipes with
closures and plugs where tied with the structure of the pipe or
limited by structure to use with a pipe; E. Methods and apparatus
for repairing pipes where not elsewhere classifiable. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming
a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the
claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, for: (1) the transfer of fluent material, gaseous, liquid
or flowable granular solids, through a flow confining system, the
source and terminal or receiver parts of which are normally separable,
i.e., one or both parts are portable or are otherwise capable of
or intended to have a utility in their separated condition. Such
utility ordinarily lies in portability of a separated part, either
for use of the contents material in another place, or for use of
one of the system parts with another complementary part. See the
class definition for details of the subject matter of this class.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 3 for processes in which an aerosol type dispenser
type receiver is filled by steps involving manipulation of the dispenser
as an incident to or aid to refilling or filling the supply chamber
(i.e., the material to be dispensed, powder or liquid, is dissolved
in or carried by a vaporizing propellant which forms the charge of
the dispenser). |
| 148, | Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for compositions employed
in the treatment of solid metal such as for soldering, fluxing,
heat treating, tempering, or otherwise modifying solid metal; including
colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or
appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for
such use. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions
and methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter
are used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting
from the use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares); including colloid
systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or
appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for
such use. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include: various subclasses based on active composition
for explosive or thermic compositions which may be gels or pastes
or may be intended to yield smoke as result of combustion (particularly
subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for
compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially
entirely within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized
by dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for
smoke affecting composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for
compositions containing a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling,
thickening, thinning, liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer
(activator), a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection
110+ for compositions or processes reciting or disclosing
a reference to a particular size or dimension of the particles of at
least one of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or
part of the composition in particulate form, cross-reference art
collection 117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition
with a resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing
a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, see the Class 156 definition for presentation of the diverse
content of this class. Areas known to have documents related to
colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 78 for processes of bonding of lamina which include
the step of forming pores by introducing a gas under pressure to
the interior of at least one lamina or by generating a gas in-situ
within such lamina. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see the Class 162 definition for presentation of all categories
of provided subject matter, which includes but is not limited to
(A) processes for the liberation, recovery or purification of fibers as
individual staple fibers or as a pulp of such fibers, including
cellulosic fibers, from a fibrous containing material by use of
a reagent which exerts some chemical or solvent action upon the
fibrous material, (B) reagent compositions employed in the processes
A above, and processes of preparation of such compositions, not
otherwise provided for, or (C) processes including the deposition
of fibers from a liquid suspension thereof in order to form an interfelted
product and processes of treatment of the deposited fibrous product
prior to the final drying thereof; including colloid systems, wetting
agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods
which are claimed as specifically intended for such use. Areas
known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents
include:
subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses
63+ for processes wherein the fibrous material is forcibly
and directly contacted with a (reactive or nonreactive) gas, vapor,
or mist during digestion or chemical treatment for some purpose
other than drying, subclasses 70+ for compositions specifically employed
in or intended to be employed in the class provided for processes),
subclasses 100+ for processes of depositing fibers from
a liquid suspension thereof to form an interfelted fibrous product
(paper), subclass 187 for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous
product from a hydrated or partially gelatinized fiber and the product
per se, and Digest 3 for wetting agent. |
| 166, | Wells, for processes or means not otherwise classified comprising
(1) shafts or deep borings in the earth, commonly known as wells,
for the extraction of fluids from the earth, (2) shafts or deep
borings in the earth for Inserting a fluid into the interstices
of a porous earth formation, usually to enable withdrawal of fluid
from a producing output well, (3) apparatus peculiarly adapted for
treating a well or for use in or with a well, or (4) processes of
using, making, or treating a well. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which may
include colloid system (e.g., gel or emulsion) forming or breaking
(especially subclass 309 for processes which produce foam or gas in
a well by a foaming or gas producing material) in a well, which
includes significantly claimed process steps of well treating or
well operation. See also the notes and Search Class references
in Class 166 subclass 244.1. |
| 169, | Fire Extinguishers, appropriate subclasses for fire extinguishing apparatus
and processes and fire preventing apparatus; including colloid systems,
wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate
methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 44 for processes involving the mixing of fire extinguishing
components. |
| 184, | Lubrication, for devices employed to lubricate bearing parts in a machine
where such lubrication device forms no part of the machine structure.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 6.23 for devices which include means to destroy or remove
gas or vapor bubbles dispersed in the lubricant. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 9 for process including a step of surface treating solid
carbonaceous material to reduce or prevent agglomerating or foaming
or swelling during distillation. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus, areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 264 for apparatus for breaking foam during distillation. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, for a distillation process not otherwise provided for.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 20 for processes including defoaming or inhibiting
foam. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for processes involving electrolysis, producing chemical
changes by use of electrical or wave energy, involving electrophoresis
or electro-osmosis, or electrical separation or purification of
liquids (including breaking or resolving of colloid systems, such
as, emulsions). Compositions which are the result of a wave energy process
are classified with the art use of said composition. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification
of liquids, subclass 414 for apparatus for electrolysis in analytical
or testing system which uses a gel electrolyte, subclasses 450+ for
processes of separating or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis
(especially subclasses 456+ for processes of gel electrophoresis,
subclass 514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system
(e.g., emulsion breaking)), subclasses 554+ for processes
(e.g., electrostatic separation of a liquid) involving (a) electrical
(including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification
of a liquid, or (b) magnetic treatment, per se, when some effect other
than mere separation is desired or produced (especially subclasses
563+ for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion
by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in a predominantly
hydrocarbon liquid, subclass 573 for process which involves breaking
emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents
in other than a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid). |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for subject matter defined in the class of which it is
an integral part. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes,
or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit
does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and
compositions therefor, subclasses 334+ for processes or
compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements
by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes
wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the
electrolyte or bath, subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte
system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized),
subclass 699 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape or
surface change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and electrolyte
composition) wherein the electrolyte is held into contact with a
portion of the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary
action, subclasses 687+ for processes directed to the chemical
modification of material by electrolysis, including products thereof
where not provided for elsewhere and electrolyte compositions for
use therein (especially subclass 699 for processes in which the material
is organic which contains (a) a natural or synthetic elastic polymer
commonly known as rubber (e.g., caoutchouc, neoprene, etc.) or (b)
a dispersion or emulsion of a natural or synthetic elastic polymer
in water commonly known as latex). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, appropriate subclasses for (1) processes for the recovery
or treatment of natural occurring mineral oil which result in the
production of a purified or modified mineral oil or of coke, (2) mineral
oil products of the above processes or mixtures thereof which include
only mineral oil components, (3) processes for the recovery of oily
liquid or tar-like hydrocarbonaceous material from a solid mineral
source; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination
compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed
as specifically intended for such use; however Class 516 provides
for breaking of emulsions of mineral oil when not combined with
some other treatment of the mineral oil, i.e., Class 516 provides
for effecting breaking or inhibiting by merely adding an agent* for
that purpose and permitting or causing separation (settling) of
phases. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 29 for treatment or recovery of wax wherein the oil-paraffin
separation involves the formation of an emulsion or dispersion (emulsion
dewaxing), subclasses 39+ for processes of removing water
from asphalts, tars, pitches or resins, subclasses 177+ for
mere removal of a colloid system stabilizing agent from a mineral
oil for the purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion or colloid
system containing the mineral oil (particularly subclasses 179+ for processes
of removing water from used mineral oils, subclasses 187+ for
the separation of water emulsified with the oil, subclass 263 for removing
undesirable organic acids or phenolic components from mineral oils). |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for methods and apparatus for separating solid materials
and assorting or segregating them in grades or classes according
to physical characteristics (separating solids from solids in general).
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others), subclasses 163+ for methods
and means wherein some material is caused to adhere selectively
(i.e., to some constituents and not to others) which so lightens
the material constituents to which it is attached as to cause them
to float on the liquid, while the other constituents are not floated
(e.g. bubbles are caused to attach to some components of a material
or mixture of solid materials and not to others, the components
to which the bubbles are attached being caused thereby to float
on the surface of the liquid). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, for treating water or waste liquid, and when not more specifically
provided for, for treating liquids in general or of any kind: (1)
process and apparatus for (a) separating a component from (b) purifying
or (c) effecting a change in water or waste liquid, such process
or apparatus not being more specifically provided for in another class;
(2) process of treating liquids in general and treating liquid compositions
of either general or diverse utilities; (3) apparatus not provided
for in other classes, for performing the foregoing processes and
treating liquids of any kind; (4) filter materials or compositions
peculiar to the above-mentioned processes; and (5) processes for
purification of liquids containing hazardous or toxic waste to produce
a nonhazardous or nontoxic product. Class 516 is the locus for
the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and provides
for (a) the separation or purification of liquids, generally claimed,
when performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion,
dispersion, or foam, and for such processes further including ancillary
steps, such as, decanting, or passing through a separatory funnel,
etc., or (b) processes in which recovery is intended of both water
and another product. Class 210 provides for (a) processes which
include a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally claimed,
when combined with a step of separation of a diverse component,
unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple Class
516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step
of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose of obtaining
water, wherein the water may be intended for use or intended to
be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating of sewage waste
water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion breaking step
is proper for Class 210. Areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 600+ for process under the class definition (particularly subclass
608 for processes of using living organism to regulate floating
constituent, subclass 609 for processes of using living organism
and including dewatering sludge, subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid
solvent or colloid dispersion extraction, subclass 696+ for processes
of preventing, decreasing, or delaying precipitation, coagulation
or flocculation, subclasses 702+ for processes in which
a liquid is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause a dissolved
constituent to separate from the solvent or to cause a constituent,
dispersed in such a finely divided state that it is not filterable
or settleable, to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or flocculate
(e.g., subclasses 703+ for flotation using a specified
precipitant, coagulant, or flocculant, subclass 708 for including emulsion
breaking, subclass 737 for process including the step of changing
the temperature, subclass 738 for process including agitating, stirring,
or inducing turbulence), subclasses 749+ for processes
wherein a material is added which chemically reacts with a constituent
in the liquid), cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 923 for
using mechanical means, cross-reference art collection 924 for using physical
agent, 925 for using chemical agent). |
| 222, | Dispensing, for dispensers; this is the generic class for processes
and apparatus for dispensing material, and takes all such subject
matter that must be classified on such basis and not provided for
in other main classes, this class is not limited as to the character
of the materials dispensed which may be in any physical state, i.e.,
it may be in a gas, vapor, liquid, viscous, paste-like or solid
state and if in a self sustaining state may have any form or shape.
See the class definition for presentation of the diverse content
of this class. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 394+ for dispensers in which the material is caused
to discharge from the container by fluids under pressure that directly
contact the material to be dispensed, subclass 635 for pressurized
aerosol container. |
| 239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, for processes or apparatus for dispersing fluent materials,
liquids, or gases, see the class definition for presentation of
the diverse content of this class. Areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 2.1+ for processes including spraying or dispersing
and intended for weather control or modification including fog clearing
or making, snow making, cloud dispersing, rain making (i.e., either
(a) to wet a surface or (b) to precipitate moisture from the atmosphere),
subclasses 8+ for processes of mixing a gas with the material
to be dispersed, subclasses 14.1+ for apparatus for weather control,
such as snow making. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for the generically claimed subject matter of comminuting
solid material in a fluid to form or improve a non-colloid suspension.
Processes of forming non-colloid suspensions or dispersions of
solids in fluids, and in which the ingredients of the non-colloid
suspensions or dispersion are not claimed with such particularity
as to form a basis for classification in some appropriate composition
class, are classified in Class 241. In general, Class 241 provides
for all apparatus for forming suspensions of solids in fluids by
comminution, whether such suspensions are disclosed as colloid-sized
or not. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing
non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations
and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions
of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions
be disclosed as colloidal or not. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision
elsewhere in the USPCS; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use, provided the subject
matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 3 , 6.5, and 8.05 for fire extinguishing foams, subclasses
610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion
or colloid system, subclasses 8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+,
and 8.91+ for various specialized compositions for leather,
fur, or textile treating, subclass 61 for froth flotation compositions used
in physical separation, subclasses 71+ for compositions
for thickening liquids for use as hydraulic fluids, subclasses 182.11+ for
compositions containing a single reactant or plural reactants specialized
or designed for use in subsequent reactions with other materials,
but not with each other (e.g., for producing foams), subclasses
186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or
in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclasses
175+ for compositions for treating water to soften or purify
it, to precipitate impurities in it, or to inhibit formation of
scale or incrustation in steam boilers or other water containers,
subclass 194 for a composition which is designed to remove or bind
water which may be in the form of a gel or which forms a gel, subclasses
299.01+ for liquid crystal composition, subclass 363.5
for finely divided solids combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion,
subclass 367.1 for soap containing compositions (these are alkali-metal (i.e.,
Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs) salts of unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted,
saturated or unsaturated, higher fatty acids, or of rosin (abietic)
acids) which are of general utility and lack any shape or structure
to adapt them for use as cleaning agents, subclasses 610+ for
fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid
system, subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in
the form of sol solution or gel. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for apparatus specially adapted to produce an intimate contact
between gases and liquids to exchange properties or mutually modify
conditions. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclasses 75+ for devices specially adapted to produce an intimate
contact between gases and liquids (especially 78.1+ for
atomizer), digest 26 foam apparatus. |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for diverse Subject matter under that class definition,
such as molding, or liquid or melt comminuting, and provided that in
each instance the materials are other than glass or metal. Areas
known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents
include:
subclasses 3.1+ for processes making gelled explosives which include
a molding step or otherwise proper for this class, subclasses 5+ for
processes of forming solid particulate material directly from a
molten or liquid mass, e.g., liquid comminuting to form colloid-sized
particles. |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for understanding of the scope of this class, see the class
definition. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 526 for solid electrolytic capacitor of paste or gel. |
| 366, | Agitating, for processes and apparatus operating on fluid, viscous,
or fluent particulate material solely for causing portions of the
material to move irregularly with respect to each other so as to
intermix, except for processes which form colloid systems, such
as emulsifying or foaming, which are proper for compositions classes
for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for
non-specified use compositions (generic). Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid into
a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation
and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for
apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device,
subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions
or emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus
with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam,
cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus
for stirring of paint. |
| 392, | Electric Resistance Heating Devices, for devices commonly known as electric heaters, electric-heating
metal working apparatus, electrically-heated tools and instruments.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclasses 324+ for steam or vapor generator which is a fluid-in-circuit
type heater, subclasses 386+ for heating device for use
in converting a substance from a solid or liquid to a gaseous state (especially
subclasses 394+ for evaporation device for substance which
is a liquid (e.g., water, etc.)). |
| 401, | Coating Implements With Material Supply, areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 190 for device including pressurized reservoir (e.g.,
aerosol device). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing, for the diverse subject matter provided for in that class.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the
surface of the liquid. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein
the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as,
diamond, fullerenes. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, appropriate subclasses, for diverse subject matter provided
for in that class; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination
compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed
or solely disclosed as specifically intended for such use. With
respect to Class 516, Class 424 will take its provided for subject
matter when it is claimed or is solely disclosed. Areas known to have
documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 1.13 for radionuclide containing composition containing aerosol,
subclass 1.25 for radionuclide containing composition which dissolves
or elutes from solid or gel matrix, subclass 1.29 for radionuclide
containing composition containing coated, impregnated, or colloid-sized
particulate, subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically
reactive compositions to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol, subclasses
43+ for effervescent or pressurized fluid containing composition,
subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g.
grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or
more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension,
including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers,
or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are
art recognized as such, subclasses 76.2+ for non-body deodorizing
substances which are evaporable, sublimable, or gas (e.g., deodorization
of air, aerosol spray compositions, gels), subclasses 278.1+ for
a claimed particular emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector,
subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion,
or solution, subclasses 469+ in which sustained or differential
release type tablets, lozenges, or pills contain discrete soluble
particles of the active ingredient are positioned or dispersed in
a solid, generally insoluble matrix from which said particles are
leached sequentially under conditions of use from the outside portions
of the matrix inwardly, digest 1 for aerosol hair preparations. |
| 425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for specified apparatus for shaping materials; see the
class definition for full appreciation of the scope of this class.
Of relevance to colloid technology is the provision for apparatus
for shaping of molten materials (including metal, but excluding
glass), where no molding surface is employed, e.g., by melt comminution
or spheroidizing, particularly
subclasses 6+ for apparatus comprising means dividing or comminuting
liquid material to form discrete particles and allowing the liquid
to solidify while in particulate form. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, appropriate subclasses, for food products, compositions,
and processes of treating same, including for processes of forming
food materials in colloid suspensions and emulsions and the products
or compositions produced thereby; including colloid systems, wetting
agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods
which are claimed as specifically intended for such use. Areas
known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents
include:
subclass 116 for packaged or wrapped product having utility
for dispensing or serving an aerosol, subclass 235 for application
of a gas, mist, smoke, or vapor to a food material under the influence
of electrical or wave energy, subclass 329 wherein a food foam is
protected against deterioration, or wherein a food is protected against
undesirable foam formation by contact with a change inhibiting chemical
agent other than an antioxygen agent, subclasses 531+ for per
se products or processes of preparing or treating compositions involving
chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse food material,
or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 564+ for
foam or foamable type, subclasses 573+ for gels or gellable
composition, subclasses 602+ for an aqueous emulsion in
a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient other than butter
in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing or preserving agent
or emulsifier other than organophosphatide), subclass 519 for processes
including mixing or agitating, e.g., homogenizing. |
| 427, | Coating Processes, for coating or impregnating processes in general and see
the Class 427 definition for the general line between Class 427
and the composition classes. Areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 245 and 246 for forming a foraminous product having
a microporous coating (particularly subclass 246 for such by coagulating
or jelling the coating), subclasses 248.1-255.7 for coating by vapor, gas,
or smoke, and subclasses 421.1-427.7 for coating by spraying. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, main class definition, section VI, B, for the distinction
between a composition and a stock material. Areas known to have
documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 158+ for a structurally defined web or sheet which includes
variation in thickness and is composed of foamed or cellular layer
(e.g., polyurethane, rubber), subclasses 304.4+ for web
or sheet containing a structurally defined element or component
and two or more components at least one of which has voids (e.g.,
porous, cellular, microvoids). |
| 429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process, for devices which produce an electrical current by means
of a chemical reaction or change in physical state (e.g., from liquid
to gas, etc.); and also included are the following subject matter
not provided for elsewhere, A. Structural combinations of the device,
subcombinations and elements thereof, B. Electrolyte, compositions
of the same, and process of preparation, C. Process of operating
the device, and D. Miscellaneous process involving the device.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 250 for apparatus having separator, retainer, spacer
or materials for use for producing an electrical current in combination
with a wetting agent or surfactant. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for class provided for compositions
and processes; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination
compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed
as specifically intended for such use. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 199+ for films used
for image forming and transfer (e.g., instant photography) which
may include an emulsion or a gel, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, subclass
404 where a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive
image processing, subclass 493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing
additive in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions
or process of making, subclasses 495.1+ for film which
may contain an emulsion or a gel (e.g., gelatin). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for processes of making chemical compounds which involve
micro-organisms or enzymes, other processes relating to cell, organ,
or tissue growth or maintenance, compositions for use in such processes,
in vitro processes of testing or measuring, certain apparatus for
class provided for processes. Nominal recitation of a Class 435
process (e.g., fermentation or fermentation step) combined with
a process otherwise classifiable in Class 516 is proper for Class
516, while recitation of a significant Class 435 step combined with
a step or COMPOSITION otherwise classifiable in Class 516 is proper
for Class 435 with a discretionary cross-reference to Class 516.
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 246 for foam culture of micro-organisms, subclasses
262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with
an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal
cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically
unchanged by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam,
subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or
shale oil), subclasses 283.1+ for class apparatus (particularly
301.1 for apparatus including means for breaking foams), cross-reference
art collection 812 for collection of art of Class 435 relating to foam
control, foreign art collection FOR184 for a method of using genetically
engineered (other than hybrid or fused) cells for oil spill cleanup. |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for (A) processes which involve a chemical reaction for
determining qualitatively or quantitatively the presence of a chemical element,
compound, or complex in a composition or a chemical compound, or
an element or radical in a compound; (B) processes for analysis
which involve an in vitro antigen-antibody, immunological or protein
binding interaction other than those involving a living antigen,
or enzyme label; (C) processes of analysis or study of the chemical
properties of a sample; the physiological effect of a sample; or
chemical determination of a physical property of a sample; (D) compositions
and their mere methods of use of thermoparticulating compositions;
(E) chemical test standards for A, B, and C; (F) analytical compositions
for A, B or C (subject to the caveat of III A of the Class 436 definition);
(G) combinations of tests or measurements with methods of regulating
a chemical reaction not otherwise provided for in a chemical synthesis
class or otherwise. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclass 18 for compositions, such as anticoagulant containing,
which are used to mimic or quantify the effect, in a chemical test
procedure, of another chemical composition, or to stabilize, preserve
or otherwise prepare a sample for a chemical test and the processes
of use of such materials preparatory to a chemical test procedure,
subclass 515 for tests involving diffusion or migration of antigen
or antibody through a gel, such as immunoelectrophoresis. |
| 446, | Amusement Devices: Toys, this class is a specific class under the generic Class
472, Amusement Devices, and includes patents relating to devices
of the type whose principal purpose is for the amusement or recreation
of children, wherein there is some physical interaction between
a person and the device: areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 15+ for bubble producing toys, subclasses 24+ for smoke
producing toys. |
| 454, | Ventilation, for apparatus and processes for supplying air to
and removing it from enclosures, for distributing and circulating
the air therein, or for preventing its contamination. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
cross-reference art collection 901, for fog dispeller, i.e., comprising
means for eliminating or dispersing cloud-like, condensed water
vapor which is positioned close to a ground surface. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic, for compositions comprising glass, ceramic, clay, porcelain, brick,
or refractory; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination
compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed
as specifically intended for such use. See that class definition
for the statement of the relationship between Class 501 and other
composition classes. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are
made by a gel route, subclass 39 for glass or glass forming compositions
which are pore forming, subclasses 80+ for pore-forming
ceramic compositions other than glass or glass forming compositions. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making, appropriate subclasses for (1) a mixture of materials intended
to catalyze a reaction or to sorb a component of a fluid or (2)
certain single materials specifically structured to catalyze a reaction
or sorb a component; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising
forming silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally
produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition
of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic
gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide
in relatively minor amount which is distributed in suspension in water,
appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95
to 99% of the mixture, subclasses 416+ for sorbent
compositions which are free carbon containing (the term "activated
carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition comprising
carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a sorbent for
this class). |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. In this class
the chemical structure of the ingredient disclosed as having a utility
set forth in the class Definition is used as the primary basis of
classification, therefore colloid systems and wetting agents are
not specifically or separately provided for, but such subject matter
will be found throughout the subclasses. |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, for subject matter involving (a) superconductor technology
above 30 K and (b) art collections involving superconductor technology;
including apparatus, devices, materials, and processes involving
such technology. Areas known to have documents related to colloid
systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension
of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump,
etc.), subclass 440 for processes under the Class definition of
producing or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconductor
material or superconductor containing products or processes of producing
or treating precursors thereof which utilizes a sol or gel at any
stage, cross-reference art collection 735 for a process limited
to the methods of making or treating high temperature (Tc >30
K) superconducting shaped material, article, or device which includes
a sol-gel process. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, appropriate subclasses for (1) compositions of matter for
use in earth boring, well treating, or preventing contaminant deposits
in petroleum oil conduits having or not having structure, physical
form, or heterogeneous arrangement of components, (2) processes
of making, or processes peculiar to making such compositions and
for which there is no provision elsewhere, and (3) mere methods
of use of said compositions or of a compound in earth boring, well
treating, or in preventing contaminant deposits in petroleum oil
conduits; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination
compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed
as specifically intended for such use. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which
may contain foam), subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions
which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions
which may contain foam), cross-reference art collection 921 for
well treating composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or
to uncrosslink a polymer, cross-reference art collection 922+ for
fracture fluids which may be gels. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor, Lubricant
or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous
Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed,
(1) compositions of matter which are solid antifriction devices
or articles described in terms of their chemical composition, (2)
materials from which said solid antifriction devices or articles
are fashioned, (3) compositions which serve as lubricants or separants
for moving solid surfaces, (4) compositions of mineral oils admixed
with non-hydrocarbon materials and not limited to a function or
utility provided for elsewhere in any other art-class* ;
including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions
therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed or solely disclosed
as specifically intended for such use. This class is organized based
upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition
or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems
or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed
based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. Many patents are known to disclose
lubricant compositions which are emulsion colloid systems. See
subclasses 113+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces,
which contain elemental carbon, coal or graphite, subclasses 136+ for
compositions which are miscellaneous mineral oil compositions, or
are lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces, which contain
silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or metasilicate (e.g., clays,
onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may be surface-treated. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
(1) cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter
from solid surfaces, (2) auxiliary compositions for perfecting the
cleaning compositions (e.g., rinse or dryer added fabric softener
compositions), (3) compositions of this class defined in terms of
specific structure, (4) packages of compositions of this class,
and (5) processes of preparing compositions of this class, in each
case where not provided for elsewhere; including colloid systems,
wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate
methods which are claimed or solely disclosed as specifically intended
for such use. A claim which does not specify a cleaning use is
termed a "generic use claim" which claim creates
a requirement for a mandatory search and cross-reference in Class
516 even if presented with claims reciting cleaning or in a disclosure
which solely discloses cleaning use. Class 510 is hierarchically
organized as follows: based upon the substrate or specific contaminant
to be cleaned, then by functional additive component, then by physical
characteristic, then by specific organic component, then last placement
is auxiliary compositions. Although various subclasses specifically
provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter
may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical
constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic).
Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents
include:
subclasses 112+ for compositions for cleaning contact lenses (especially subclass
113 for compositions including solid particulate component which
may be a colloid system (suspension)), subclass 117 for composition
for cleaning removable dentures which is gas generating (e.g., effervescent),
subclass 120 for composition for cleaning human scalp hair, scalp,
or wig which is dispensed by release of pressurized gas, subclasses
130+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 135 for high-foaming bath (e.g., bubble bath), subclass
139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized, subclass 140
for packaged in an aerosol dispenser, subclass 158 for cream, paste,
or gel), subclass 198 for gas-propelled composition for removing heat-degraded
food residue from solid surface, subclass 216 for compositions facilitating sweeping
uncarpeted floors by reducing the amount of dust that becomes airborne,
subclasses 221+ for liquid, paste, or gel composition used
in automatic dishwasher, subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g.,
emulsion) for removing foreign matter from surface carrying a protective
or ornamental coating, finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g.,
from painted or papered wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for
cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent)
(particularly subclass 279 for gas-propelled composition (e.g.,
aerosol) for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug),
subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric
or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 317 for suds regulating
component and peroxy component containing, subclass 336 for gel, cream,
or paste, subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g.,
slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclass 364 for compositions for
displacing organic liquid film from a solid surface which may include
a wetting agent, subclass 365 for compositions for removing greasy
or oily contaminant from a substrate which may include a wetting
agent, subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen
or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly
subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component
(e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam,
or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses
383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning composition with
halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing antiseptic or
biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition
with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive,
cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 403 for gel
or malleable (e.g., plastic-like) cleaning composition, subclass 404
for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for
liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified
surfactants (particularly subclass 406 for gas-propelled, subclass
417 for plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and
aqueous layers), subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g.,
suspension, slurry)), subclass 514 for dishwasher rinse composition
which may be a wetting agent, subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions
(other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning
compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly
subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 512, | Perfume Compositions, for compositions including an organoleptic ingredient which imparts
aroma, processes of extracting essential oils for use in perfumes
from animal or plant sources, and processes of utilizing a compound
or composition as a perfume, which may be intended for application
to a living body, clothing, or objects, (e.g., a flower fragrance may
be applied to a person, a pine scent to a Christmas tree, etc.)
This class is substantially organized based upon the chemical constituents
of the composition; no subclass specifically provides for colloid
systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed
based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture
having no colloid system characteristic. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 2 for compositions which include a chemical compound whose
sole purpose is to prevent chemical change, or to extend the life
of the perfume by retarding evaporation of the perfume active ingredient,
subclass 4 for nonliquid or encapsulated compositions, such as gels
containing a perfume material |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, which incorporates all the definitions and rules as to
subject matter of the class of which it is an integral part. Areas
known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents
include:
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated non-bioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion, cross-reference art collection 944 for subject matter
involving a gel form and containing specified ingredients to give
a gel, cross-reference art collection 945 for subject matter involving
a foam and containing specified ingredients to form said foam, cross-reference
art collection 946+ for subject matter involving the increasing
or enhancing of the rate or amount of active ingredient absorbed
into the treated subject (e.g., skin, digestive tract), cross-reference
art collection 957 for subject matter involving application or distribution
of an active ingredient using a vapor or gas, cross-reference art
collection 958 for subject matter involving a combination of an
active ingredient with a carrier system which allows administration
by smoking or inhaling, cross-reference art collection 959 for subject
matter involving inhalation of a breathing gas such as oxygen containing
gas and supplements thereto). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of Classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers Part of the
Class 520 Series, for (1) ion-exchange polymers, (2) processes of reclaiming
a synthetic resin, and (3) cellular synthetic resins. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin
which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products
or processes of preparing a cellular product (e.g., foams, pores,
channels), subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic
resin. |
| 522, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The
Class 520 Series, for processes of preparing or treating a solid polymer
utilizing wave energy and for compositions which contain a photosensitizer
and which when reacted form a product proper for this class. Areas
known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents
include:
subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer wherein
wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring,
agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed;
or compositions therefore. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The
Class 520 Series, for synthetic resins or specified intermediate condensation
products admixed with a nonreactant material. Areas known to have
documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with
specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or
process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special
use, application, or property (particularly subclass 171 for composition
having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color, subclass 175
for liquid-solid drag reduction composition). |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The
Class 520 Series, for synthetic resins or specified intermediate condensation
products admixed with a nonreactant material. Areas known to have
documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material
so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion
therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing
water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference
art collection 903 for aerosol compositions, cross-reference art
collection 916 for hydrogel compositions, cross-reference art collection 922
for flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions, cross-reference
art collection 923 for subject matter involving treating or preparing nonaqueous
dispersions or emulsions of solid polymer or SICP. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part Of The
Class 520 Series, for polymers derived from at least one nonethylenic
reactant, and also for processes of treating a polymer either derived
from ethylenic or nonethylenic reactants wherein chemical bonds
in the polymer are left unaffected. Areas known to have documents
related to colloid systems or wetting agents include: cross-reference
art collections 934+ for subject matter relating to recovery and
physical processing of natural rubber latex (particularly cross-reference
art collection 936 for coagulating). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination
compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed
as specifically comprising such constituency. Areas known to have
documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds,
and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood,
gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals
from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila,
etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac;
cativo resin), subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356
for collagen, subclasses 360+ for casein or caseinate,
subclasses 362+ for albumin, subclasses 370+ for
plant or yeast proteins, subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly
381+ for blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin). |
| 585, | Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for hydrocarbon in pure or relatively pure state
and for certain compositions containing hydrocarbons, and methods
for making such compounds and compositions by synthesis, blending
or otherwise, and certain methods for treating. Class 516 is superior
to Class 585 for purposes of placement of original reference (OR). |
| 604, | Surgery, which incorporates all the definitions and rules as to
subject matter of the class of which it is an integral part, for
methods of treatment of the living body and apparatus used in the
inspection and treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal
conditions of the bodies of humans and lower animals. Areas known
to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclass 368 for methods and apparatus comprising portable receptor
or material collecting means used to receive material discharge
from the body and treatment of the body by employing material collectors
or receptors which comprise an absorbent pad for external or internal
application and supports therefor (e.g., catamenial devices, diapers,
etc.) and which contain collagen or gelling material. |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
NOTE: Words and terms identified with an asterisk
(*) are defined in this section of this class definition.
ABIETIC ACID
C 19H 29COOH. Contains a hydrogenated phenanthrene ring
system. See also rosin*.
ADJUVANT
A material* which assists the action of another
material*, especially an agent*.
AEROGEL
A dispersion* of a gas in a liquid or solid.
A common example is silica-gel which is a light fluffy silica particle having
a porous amorphous matrix. Cf. aerosol*.
AEROSOL
A colloid system of a discontinuous solid or a liquid phase
(dispersand*) in a gas or vapor continuous phase (dispersant*).
See smoke* and fog*.
AGENT
Refers to the effective material*, energy, or
means which acts in the given context. A colloid system making
or stabilizing agent acts to form or stabilize a colloid system;
usually characterized by its tendency to collect at the interface
between two immiscible phases and not to be confused with the material
which constitutes the continuous or discontinuous phases, particularly
noting that gas propellants for aerosols and foams are NOT colloid
system making agents. A colloid system breaking, resolving, or
inhibiting agent acts to dissipate the interface between two immiscible
phases. The term agent also includes subcombinations of an agent
composition, such as adjuvants*. (Thus, the term agent
may apply to a compound or composition which may not be fully functional
for its stated context, or its functionality may be greatly enhanced
by another component which is not present.) Note that although
a compound can be an agent, this class does not provide for compounds,
per se. An agent may be physical or energy.
AGGREGATION
See flocculation*.
ALCOSOL
A colloid system of a dispersand* (discontinuous phase),
in a liquid alcohol dispersant* (continuous phase). Examples
are metal oxides such as silica or rare earth oxides dispersed in
lower and higher liquid alcohols. See sol*.
AQUASOL
See hydrosol*.
BICONTINUOUS EMULSION
Type of emulsion wherein the aqueous or polar phase and
the oily or non-polar phases are characterized as both being continuous.
Commonly associated with emulsion polymerization.
BLEEDING
See syneresis.
BLOWN FATTY ACID
Fatty acid treated to oxidize, commonly by passing (blowing)
air, oxygen, ozonized air, or ozone through the material under mildly
elevated temperatures. The process forms ketones from hydroxy groups
and hydroxy groups at unsaturation sites. Process conditions also
control the degree of polymerization and esterification reactions.
BLOWN OIL
Oil treated to oxidize, commonly by passing (blowing) air,
oxygen, ozonized air, or ozone through the material under mildly
elevated temperatures. The process forms ketones from hydroxy groups
and hydroxy groups at unsaturation sites.
BREAKER, COLLOID SYSTEM; BREAKING, COLLOID SYSTEM
The effective material*, energy, or means used
for accomplishing the act of breaking or resolving (i.e., destroying)
a colloid system, such as agent* compositions specialized
and designed for or peculiar to use in colloid system breaking.
See emulsion breaker.
CARBAMATE
A compound based on carbamic acid, NH 2COOH, in the form
of its salts and derivatives.
CARBOHYDRATE; CARBOHYDRATE-DERIVATIVE
Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose
monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones,
having the formula Cn(H2O)n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding
cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the
carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function
of the saccharide. See section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN
THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary References, for additional information
concerning this definition.
CARBOXYL GROUP
Structure comprised of a carbonyl group (C=O)
with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the carbonyl carbon.
COAGULATE
The product of coagulation; the irreversible combination
of semisolid particles (e.g., fats, proteins, oils) to form a mass.
Often brought about by the addition of a coagulant. See flocculate.
COALESCENCE
The phenomenon of the merging of two or more drops of
liquid (e.g., oil or water droplets in emulsions) or particles (e.g.,
solid particles in sols* and dispersions*) resulting
in a larger drop or particle having a lower interfacial surface
area and a generally less stable condition.
COLLOID SYSTEM
Also called colloid dispersions* or colloid
suspensions. Sometimes simply colloid, but this is not preferred because
this may also be used to refer to colloid-sized particles, per se.
A colloid system is a multi-phase combination of matter in which
one or more constituents has one or more dimensions below about
five microns, however systems having particles of 20 to 50 microns
have been described. Nobel prize winning research chemist, Wolfgang
Ostwald (1853-1932), reportedly said "There are not sharp differences
between mechanical suspensions, colloidal solutions, and molecular
solutions. There is a gradual and continuous transition from the first
through the second to the third." With respect to particles in
suspension, in colloid systems the particles are governed by surface
forces and therefore act as individual flow units, as contrasted
to non-colloid mixtures which are governed by gravity or body (e.g.
drag) forces. Macromolecules may form either true solutions or
colloid systems and categorization properly depends upon the properties
relevant to the intended use. Foams are colloid systems because
they contain two phases and the liquid film has a thickness which
is colloid-sized. Most common colloid systems are composed of particles
of a colloid-sized dispersed phase (the subdivided or discontinuous
phase) surrounded by a continuous phase. See also sol*.
COLOPHONY
See Rosin*.
COMPOUND
See LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, above.
DETERGENT
A compound and/or composition characterized
by the ability to remove unwanted materials from a solid surface
by physicochemical means, i.e., emulsifying, dispersing, suspending,
dissolving, etc.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
Diatomite, Kieselguhr. Siliceous material composed of the
skeletal remains of small, prehistoric organisms (diatoms). About
88% silica.
dILATANT; DILATANCY
The property of a material wherein when subjected to shear
the rate of increase of strain decreases with increasing shear.
Examples are pastry doughs and highly concentrated solid colloid-sized
particle suspensions.
DISPERSAND
The suspended colloid-sized particles in a dispers ant*.
Often referred to as the discontinuous phase.
DISPERSANT
The dispersing medium or continuous phase.
DISPEROID
The suspended particles in a dispersion.
dispersion
A suspension of particles in a solid, liquid, or gas
to form a biphasic or polyphasic composition. Colloid-sized particles
form colloid dispersions. See also colloid system.
DRYING OIL
A liquid fat which readily absorbs oxygen from air, polymerizes,
becomes resinous, and which can thereby form a hard film. The property
of drying is due to the presence of unsaturation in the hydrocarbon
length of fatty acid oil, usually the glycerides of linoleic* and linolenic* acids.
Common sources include linseed, tung, perilla, soybean, fish and
dehydrated castor oils. Drying oils have high iodine number; nondrying
oils, low.
EMULSION
A colloid system of two or more immiscible liquid phases.
Examples are water-in-oil (w/o), oil-in-water (o/w),
water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w). Also includes immiscible
oils/solvents.
EMULSION BREAKER
The effective material*, energy, or means used
for accomplishing the act of destroying an emulsion colloid system,
such as agent* compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in emulsion breaking.
EMULSIFYING AGENT
The effective material*, energy, or means used
for accomplishing the act of making an emulsion colloid system,
such as agent* compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in emulsion making. Typically, this is a surfactant
added to aid in the emulsification of two immiscible liquids. Characteristically resides
at the interface in a stable emulsion.
ESSENTIAL OIL
Volatile component of plants which imparts the characteristic
odor to flowers, leaves, stems, or twigs, or wood, or derivable
from plant constituents. Various methods are used to derive including
distillation, pressing, solvent extraction, and fat extraction.
Distinguished from fatty oils by usually being terpenes*,
fairly volatile, non-greasy, and non-saponifiable (except those
with esters). Most essential oils are mixtures, an exception being
oil of wintergreen which is essentially pure methyl salicylate.
FAT
Naturally occurring glycerides. Natural fats are the
natural oils which oils which are solid at room temperature.
FATTY ACID
Organic* compounds comprising a hydrocarbon
chain with a carboxylic acid at one end. The term usually implies
an unbroken hydrocarbon chain of seven or more carbon atoms. Saturated,
unsaturated, and polyunsaturated occur naturally. The most common
fatty acids in natural fats or oils are palmitic, stearic, oleic,
lauric, and myristic.
FLOCCULATE; FLOCCULATING AGENT*’ FLOCCULANT
Flocculate is the aggregation or combination of suspended
colloid-sized particles to form small clumps or short clusters of
elongated strands. Flocculating agent* is the effective
material*, energy, or means used for accomplishing the
act of flocculating an colloid system, such as agent* compositions
specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in flocculation.
Typical flocculating agents*: alum, ferric chloride, lime
and polyelectrolytic polymer such as polyacrylamide. See coagulate*.
FOAM
A colloid system characterized as a gas suspended in
a liquid; wherein the gas is the dispersand* (discontinuous)
phase and the liquid is the dispersant* (continuous) phase.
FOG
A colloid system characterized as a suspension of colloid-sized
liquid droplets in a gas; wherein the liquid is the dispersand* (discontinuous)
phase and the gas is the dispersant* (continuous) phase.
See aerosol*.
FUME
Particles of solids or liquids suspended in a gas, e.g., smoke
from combustion. Also the vapors evolved from concentrated sulfuric
or nitric acids, or from solvents.
FUMED SILICA
The colloid-sized form of silica formed by the vapor phase
hydrolysis of silanes or halosilanes in a Hydrogen-oxygen flame.
Generally characterized by high purity, amorphous crystallinity,
and colloid-sized particle.
GEL
A solid or semisolid colloid system formed of a continuous
or semicontinuous solid phase and a liquid phase (either discontinuous
or continuous or mixed), often identified by its outward gelatinous
appearance, and which exhibits properties of a solid such as plasticity, elasticity,
or rigidity. Gels are typically characterized by a physical property
of the system, such as the yield point (defined as the shearing
force required to result in the flow of said gel), which is a measure
of the gel strength. A variety of compositions can form gels, including
but not limited to; solubilized polymers, cross-linked polymers,
concentrated surfactant solutions having crystalline-like properties
(e.g., liquid crystal phases), organically modified and unmodified
hydrous metal oxides (e.g., silica, silicates, alumina, iron, etc.),
and organically modified and unmodified hydrous mixed metal oxides
(e.g., clays, bentonites, synthetic aluminosilicates). See Thixotropic*.
GLYCERIDE
An ester of glycerol and fatty acid(s) in which one or more
of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol have been replaced by any
combination of acid radicals. Mono-glyceride has one fatty acid
ester, di-glyceride two, and triglyceride has three. Naturally
occurring fats and oils are mainly triglycerides of fatty acids,
most commonly are palmitic, stearic, and oleic.
GLYCEROL
1,2,3-propanetriol.
green acids
The oil insoluble sulfonic acid products of sulfonation of
petroleum*. Also called sludge acids. C.f. mahogany* acids.
HLB
Hydrophile Lipophile Balance. The most commonly used
HLB system was developed by W.C. Griffin (1949). The system employs
certain empirical formulas to calculate the HLB number between 0
and 20; high numbers correspond to hydrophilic surfactants with high
water solubility and functionally good solubilizing agents*,
detergents, and o/w stabilizers; low numbers correspond
to hydrophobic (or lipophilic) surfactants with low water solubility,
which solubilize water into oils and stabilize w/o emulsions.
HYDROSOL
A colloid system of a dispersand* (discontinuous phase),
in an aqueous liquid dispersant* (continuous phase).
Examples are metal oxides such as silica or rare earth oxides dispersed
in an aqueous phase. See sol*.
INORGANIC COMPOUND
Any compound that is not organic*.
LEVELING AGENT*
Term of the textile industry referring to a wetting agent* used
to aid in the uniform dispersal of a dye in a dye bath and generally
have wetting properties.
LINOLEIC ACID
A diunsaturated fatty acid, the glyceride of which is present
in drying oils such as linseed oil. CH3(CH2) 4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH.
LINOLENIC ACID
A triunsaturated fatty acid, the glyceride of which is present
in drying oils such as linseed oil. CH3CH 2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH.
MAHOGANY ACIDS; MAHOGANY SOAP
The oil soluble sulfonic acid products of sulfonation
of petroleum oils. Cf. green* acids. Mahogany soaps are the
saponified acids.
MATERIAL
Material is given its broadest meaning and includes mixtures
(petroleum, alloys, cement, etc.) and substances*.
MER
The part of a monomer which is present in the reaction product
of a reaction involving what is commonly referred to as a monomer
(e.g., dimer, trimer, tetramer, oligomer).
MINERAL-OIL
Included by this term are (1) materials exploited from the
Earth which are liquid, primarily petroleum oil or relatively crude
fractions thereof, which are primarily mixtures of hydrocarbons,
(2) liquid or semi-solid derivatives of solid materials exploited
from the Earth, including asphalts (from petroleum, shale, or sand sources),
tars (including coal tar), pitches, or waxes, which are primarily
mixtures of hydrocarbons, (3) materials which are Fischer-Tropsch
crudes, that is, the liquid hydrocarbonaceous mixture resulting
from the hydrogenation of a carbon oxide, (4) wood tars or wood tar
oils, which are similar to coal tar in that they include an unidentified
mixture including hydrocarbons. Note: excluded are (1) substantially
purified hydrocarbon compounds, (2) solid carbonaceous materials
such as coal, lignite, or peat (as distinguished from semi-solid petroleum-derived
asphalts or asphalt derived from shales or sands). See section LINES
WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary References,
for additional information concerning this definition.
MULITIPLE (PHASE) EMULSION
Emulsion having more liquid phases than one discontinuous
and one continuous phase. Types are water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w),
oil-in-water-in-oil o/w/o, water-in-oil-in-water-in-oil
(w/o/w/o), etc. See emulsion.
O/W
Oil-in-water emulsion. Cf. w/o, w/o/w.
OIL
(1) Naturally occurring oils are glycerides*.
Natural fats are the natural oils which are solid at room temperature.
(2) Mineral-oils* are exploited from the earth, or derived
from processing woody materials, generally comprising hydrocarbons.
See definition, hereinabove, of mineral-oil used for this Class.
OLEIC ACID; OLEATE
CH3(CH2)7CH:CH(CH2)7COOH. Mono-unsaturated fatty acid
found in most natural fats and oils. Glycerol monooleate is the
monoglyceride formed from the esterification reaction between glycerol
and oleic acid.
ORGANIC; ORGANIC COMPOUND; ORGANIC GROUP
When the expression "organic" or "organic compound" or
"organic group" is used in this class, it means a compound or group
which meets the requirements wherein the molecule (or group) is
characterized by two carbons bonded together, one atom of carbon
bonded to at least one atom of hydrogen or halogen, or one atom
of carbon bonded to at least one atom of nitrogen by a single or double
bond; certain compounds are exceptions to this rule, i.e., HCN,
CN-CN, HNCO, HNCS, cyanogen halides, cyanamide, fulminic acid, and
metal carbides. Said exceptions and all other chemical compounds
shall be regarded as inorganic*. See section LINES WITH OTHER
CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary References, for
additional information concerning this definition.
ORGANO-(prefix)
The prefix organo indicates a requirement that the
term meet the definition of organic*, organic group * or
organic compound *.
ORGANOSOL
A colloid system of a dispersand* (discontinuous
phase) in an organic* liquid dispersant* (continuous
phase). Examples are metal oxides such as silica or rare earth oxides
dispersed in liquid alcohols, or in non-polar organic* solvents.
See sol*; cf. hydrosol*.
PALMITIC ACID; PALMITATE
CH3(CH2)14COOH. Hexadecanoic acid, cetylic acid, palmic
acid, ethalic acid. Saturated fatty acid found in most natural
oils and fats. Glycerol monopalmitate is the monoglyceride formed
from the esterification reaction between glycerol and palmitic acid.
PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM OIL
Crude oil. Mixture of hydrocarbons, with small amounts
of compounds containing nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and oxygen,
obtained from underground deposits. Often the terms are applied
to fractions derived from the basic yield, including distillation
and cracking fractions.
PEPTIDE; POLYPEPTIDE
Compounds composed of amino acids bound together by amide
linkages. Proteins are polypeptides.
RED OIL
Commercial grade of oleic acid containing about 15% each
of linoleic and stearic acids.
RESIN, SYNTHETIC
Compound or mixtures of compounds produced from simpler
compounds by polymerization or condensation reactions.
RESIN, NATURAL
A broad term covering a variety of naturally derived products
usually obtained by secretion or disintegration (extraction). Vegetative
sources are usually mixtures of carboxylic acids or their esters,
essential* oils (these are usually non-saponifiable, non-glyceride),
and terpenes; mostly insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols, ethers,
and carbon disulfide. Examples include balsam and rosin* which
are obtained from coniferous trees. Used in varnish, printing inks,
and adhesives. Shellac resin is obtained from the secretion of
an insect indigenous to India. Amber resin is a polymerized vegetative resin
that occurs as a fossil. Amorphous sulfur is considered an inorganic
natural resin. Cf. drying oil. See section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES
AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary References, for additional
information concerning this definition.
RESINOID
Thermosetting resin or resin like material which becomes
solid and infusible upon heating. Linseed oil and other drying-oils* and
partially condensed phenol-formaldehyde are examples.
RESOLVER
See Breaker*.
ROSIN
Colophony. Abietic-acid* (80-90%)
types and remnants from derivation. Usually designated according
to its source, e.g., gum rosin (from exudate of incisions on living
trees); wood rosin (from Southern pine stumps); and tall oil rosin
(from by-products of the wood pulp industry). The principal constituents
isolated from rosin are carboxylic acids with a hydrophenanthrene
nucleus, comprising abietic acid and its isomers, such as pimaric acid.
The acids may exist in rosin as acid anhydrides. The mixed acids
are known in the trade as rosin acids or resin acids, the two expressions
sometimes being used interchangeably. Gum rosin is obtained from
the residue left after distillation of turpentine from the exudate from
live trees. Wood rosin is obtained by extracting the wood or stumps
with naphtha and removing the volatile portion. Tall oil rosin
is obtained by fractionation of tall-oil*. See section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary
References, for additional information concerning this definition.
SMOKE
A colloid system of a solid dispersand* (discontinuous phase),
in a gas dispersant* (continuous phase), as an aerosol*.
Cf. fog*.
SOL
Usually refers to a colloid system of a dispersand* (gas, solid,
or liquid discontinuous phase), in a liquid dispersant* (continuous
phase). However, aerosol* refers to a colloid system of
colloid-sized particles in a gas continuous phase. Sol may also
refer to just the liquid phase of a colloid system. Examples are
metal oxides such as silica or rare earth oxides dispersed in an
aqueous phase (aquasols*), or in liquid lower and higher
alcohols (alcosols*), or in organic solvents (organosols*).
Sol is generic to organosol*, alcosol*, aquasol*,
and hydrosol*, where in each instance the prefix refers
to the continuous phase.
SORBITAN
Cyclic ether tetrahydric alcohols derivable from sorbitol by
removal of one molecule of water.
SORBITAN FATTY ACID ESTERS
Mixtures of partial esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides
with fatty acids.
SORBITOL
C6H8(OH)6, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexanehexol. Reduction product
of glucose, found in nature in small quantities.
SPREADING AGENT*
A material*, energy, or means used for affecting
the spreading and displacement of one material* for another material*.
In a type of wetting known as spreading wetting, a first liquid
in contact with a solid is displaced by a second liquid. See also
wetting* agents. See section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES
AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary References, for additional information
concerning this definition.
STEARIC ACID; STEARATE
CH3(CH2)16COOH. The most common fatty acid in natural
oils and fats. Glycerol monostearate is the monoglyceride formed
from the esterification reaction between glycerol and stearic acid.
SUBSTANCE
A substance is a chemical compound or element. Substance
is characterized as being homogeneous, particulary down to the molecular
level. See The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, (tenth edition, 1981)
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc. CF. material*. Note:
this definition may not be followed in other Classes; often the
term is used loosely as a synonym to material*.
SULFOXY
A radical containing a Sulfur-oxygen double bond. Examples
of sulfoxy containing compounds include; sulfate, sulfonate, and
sulfone compounds.
SURFACE ACTIVE AGENT*
A compound which reduces the surface tension of a liquid
when dissolved therein or reduces the interfacial tension between
two liquids. A surface active agent* compound is typically
characterized by at least one hydrophobic portion and at least one
hydrophilic portion. Also referred to as surfactant.
SURFACE TENSION
The force exerted at an interface by the molecules below the
interface. For example, in a gas-liquid interface, the surface
tension is due to the high concentration of the liquid molecules
relative to the lower concentration of the gas molecules. The strength
depends on the characteristics of the liquid, and to a lessor extent,
the gas.
SURFACTANT
See surface active agent*.
SYNERESIS
The contraction of a gel* composition on standing, accompanied
by the exudation of liquid.
TALL OIL
A mixture of rosin* acids (35-40%)
and fatty acids (50-60%) and other remnants of derivation.
Obtained from the spent black liquor (alkaline) of the pulping
(digesting) process of pine wood (sulfate or kraft paper processes)
by concentrating until the sodium salts of the various acids separate,
followed by acidification (e.g., by sulfuric acid). See section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary
References, for additional information concerning this definition.
TENSIDE
A term widely employed in Europe which means surface
active agents*.
TERPENE OILS
C10H16. Unsaturated hydrocarbon based upon isoprene
unit (C5H8), acyclic or cyclic, with or without benzene moiety.
Dipentene is monocyclic, pinene is dicyclic, and myrcene is acyclic.
Being non-glyceride oils, they are not saponifiable. Examples
include tall and pine oils. Cf. oil, essential oil, glyceride.
THIXOTROPIC
The property of materials, such as some gels*,
to liquefy when subjected to shear, such as by agitation or other mechanical
energy and to return to gel* upon rest. CF. dilatancy*.
TSP
Tri-sodium Phosphate; sodium phosphate, tribasic; Na 3PO4
12H2O. Commodity product used alone or compounded with other materials* for
use in multitudes of applications including; water softening, boiler
water treating, detergency, textile treating, laundering, industrial
cleaning, dietary supplements, pH buffering, emulsifying.
TURKEY RED OIL
Sulfonated castor oil or soluble castor oil. Sulfonated fats
or oils obtained by the treatment of a variety of hydroxylated or
unsaturated natural fats and oils, usually castor oil, with sulfuric
or chlorosulfonic acids, and washing. Also known as alizarin oil
or alizarin assistant when used as a dyeing aid with alizarin dye(s).
TWITCHELL PROCESS
Splitting of fats to glycerol and fatty acids by acid hydrolysis,
in the presence of steam and catalytic amount of Twitchell Reagent*.
TWITCHELL REAGENT
Catalyst for the Twitchell-process*. The sulfonation product
of reacting sulfuric acid with oleic acid and naphthalene (naphthalenestearosulfonic
acid).
W/O; W/O/W
Water-in-oil emulsion and water-in-oil-in-water emulsion.
Cf. o/w.
WETTING AGENT*
The effective material*, energy, or means used
for accomplishing the act of wetting a surface. Wetting most generally
is the process of displacing from a surface (solid or liquid) one
fluid, such as air, with another, such as water. See section LINES
WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Glossary References,
for additional information concerning this definition.
ZEOLITE
A hydrated silicate of aluminum and sodium and/or
calcium. Natural and synthetic. Typical: Na2O.Al2O 3.xSiO2.yH2O.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 516 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | CONTINUOUS GAS OR VAPOR PHASE: COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING
AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF
MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS
(E.G., SMOKE, FOG, AEROSOL, CLOUD, MIST): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) colloid system having a continuous
gas or vapor phase, (2) composition containing an agent* for
making or stabilizing such a system, (3) process of making or stabilizing
such a system, or (4) process of preparing a composition containing
an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system; such
as smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist, aerosolizing.
| | (1)
Note. The discontinuous phase may be a solid, liquid, or
a polyphasic material*, such as gels, emulsions. |
| | (2)
Note. As set forth in the class definition, included in this
and indented subclasses are subcombination compositions, which includes
those compositions which are substantially completely formulated except
for performing a step thereon to form the colloid system, such as
a chemical reaction, or a physical step. Examples of such step
include spraying, aerosolizing, atomizing, heating, agitating, dissolving.
Thus, a liquified composition in a pressurized container intended for
creating a colloid-sized mist is proper for placement in this and
indented subclasses, and as appropriate in other colloid system
areas of this Class if the liquified composition is itself a colloid system. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant
per se, therefor. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 40, | Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclass 213 for smoke producing apparatus and systems limited
to skywriting. |
| 43, | Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,
subclasses 124+ for process and apparatus the primary object of
which is to destroy or kill vermin without trapping them (particularly see
subclasses 125+ for apparatus for creating or involving
fumes or smoke when such fumes are used for destroying vermin and
not for general disinfecting or similar purposes, subclass 132.1
for devices or processes under subclass 124 for destroying invertebrate
animals, i.e., insects), cross-reference art collection 900 for
apparatus for dispersing i.e., spraying, a liquid mass or jet of
droplets used to destroy insects. |
| 47, | Plant Husbandry,
subclass 2 for methods and devices for preventing the freezing
of trees and plants and their fruit not elsewhere provided for (such as
misting). |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 28.01+ for measuring solid content of gas (e.g., particle). |
| 102, | Ammunition and Explosives,
subclass 334 for apparatus for and methods of smoke generating
(i.e., causing vapor, cloud, etc., to be formed by a burning), subclasses
335+ for pyrotechnics apparatus and corresponding methods
designed to produce smoke, light, heat, and/or noise (e.g.,
fireworks display, amusement, flash photo, signal), subclasses 367+ for apparatus
for or methods of using an explosion to cause a liquid, solid, or gas
to be scattered or spread about in the form of a mist, vapor, particles,
or gas (e.g., noxious or incapacitating, plant, insect, animal,
foliage, biological warfare/chemical warfare). |
| 109, | Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device,
subclasses 29+ for devices of the Class combined with means for releasing,
generating and/or distributing gas, smoke, vapors and/or
liquids either manually, automatically upon attack, or automatically
in case of fire, which fluent material is normally, but not necessarily,
toxic, noncombustible, or incapacitating and may normally, but not
necessarily, be used to repel attacks and/or put out, prevent, or
impede the action of a fire, and this includes devices relating
to jails, where the purposes of this subclass are also present. |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 59.5 for portable devices for generating heat or smoke
for protecting orchards from frost (e.g., smudge pots). |
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means,
subclass 3 for processes in which an aerosol type dispenser
type receiver is filled by steps involving manipulation of the dispenser
as an incident to or aid to refilling or filling the supply chamber
(i.e., the material to be dispensed, powder or liquid, is dissolved
in or carried by a vaporizing propellant which forms the charge
of the dispenser). |
| 148, | Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for compositions employed
in the treatment of solid metal such as for soldering, fluxing,
heat treating, tempering, or otherwise modifying solid metal. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and
methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are
used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the
use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based
on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which
may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result
of combustion (particularly
subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for
compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely
within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by
dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting
composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing
a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning,
liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator),
a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for
compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to
a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one
of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the
composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection
117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a
resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing
a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see
subclasses 63+ for processes wherein the fibrous material is forcibly
and directly contacted with a (reactive or nonreactive) gas, vapor, or
mist during digestion or chemical treatment for some purpose other
than drying. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes,
or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit
does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and
compositions therefor. |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 394+ for dispensers in which the material is caused
to discharge from the container by fluids under pressure that directly
contact the material to be dispensed, subclass 635 for pressurized aerosol
container. |
| 239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
subclasses 1+ for processes (particularly see subclass 2.1+ for processes
including spraying or dispersing and intended for weather control
or modification including fog clearing or making, snow making, rain
making (i.e., either (a) to wet a surface or (b) to precipitate
moisture from the atmosphere), subclasses 8+ for processes
of mixing a gas with the material to be dispersed), and subclasses
14.1+ for apparatus for weather control, such as snow making. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no
provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or
appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended
for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed,
would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically
superior within Class 252. |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,
subclasses 75+ for devices specially adapted to produce an intimate
contact between gases and liquids (especially 78.1+ for
atomizer). |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 5+ for processes of forming solid particulate material
directly from a molten or liquid mass, e.g., liquid comminuting
to form particles. |
| 392, | Electric Resistance Heating Devices,
subclasses 324+ for steam or vapor generator which is a fluid-in-circuit type
heater, subclasses 386+ for heating device for use in converting
a substance from a solid or liquid to a gaseous state (especially
subclasses 394+ for evaporation device for substance which
is a liquid (e.g., water, etc.)). |
| 401, | Coating Implements With Material Supply,
subclass 190 for device including pressurized reservoir (e.g., aerosol
device). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 1.13 for radionuclide containing composition containing
aerosol, subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically reactive compositions
to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol, subclasses 43+ for effervescent
or pressurized fluid containing composition, subclasses 76.2+ for
non-body deodorizing substances which are evaporable, sublimable
or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions,
gels), digest 1 for aerosol hair preparations. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 116 for packaged or wrapped product having utility
for dispensing or serving an aerosol, subclass 235 for application
of a gas, mist, smoke, or vapor to a food material under the influence
of electrical or wave energy. |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclasses 248.1 through 255.7for coating by vapor, gas, or smoke; and subclasses
421.1-427.7 for coating by spraying. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam subclasses
283.1+ for class apparatus. |
| 446, | Amusement Devices: Toys,
subclasses 24+ for smoke producing toys. |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, cross-reference art collection 957 for subject matter involving
application or distribution of an active ingredient using a vapor or
gas, cross-reference art collection 958 for subject matter involving
a combination of an active ingredient with a carrier system which
allows administration by smoking or inhaling, cross-reference art
collection 959 for subject matter involving inhalation of a breathing
gas such as oxygen containing gas and supplements thereto. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resin or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 903 for aerosol compositions
of synthetic resins or natural rubbers. |
|
| | |
| 2 | Discontinuous phase formed by combustion or oxidation/reduction
reaction (e.g., smudge-pot smoke): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase contains
material formed by a combustion reaction or an oxidation/reduction
reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 4, | for discontinuous phase formed by a hydrolysis step,
such as metal oxide from metal chloride/water reaction. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant
per se, therefor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 43, | Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,
subclasses 124+ for process and apparatus the primary object of
which is to destroy or kill vermin without trapping them (particularly see
subclasses 125+ for apparatus for creating or involving
fumes or smoke when such fumes are used for destroying vermin and
not for general disinfecting or similar purposes, subclass 132.1
for devices or processes under subclass 124 for destroying invertebrate
animals, i.e., insects), cross-reference art collection 900 for
apparatus for dispersing i.e., spraying, a liquid mass or jet of
droplets used to destroy insects. |
| 102, | Ammunition and Explosives,
subclass 334 for apparatus for and methods of smoke generating
(i.e., causing vapor, cloud, etc., to be formed by a burning), subclasses
335+ for pyrotechnics apparatus and corresponding methods
designed to produce smoke, light, heat, and/or noise (e.g.,
fireworks display, amusement, flash photo, signal), subclasses 367+ for apparatus
for or methods of using an explosion to cause a liquid, solid, or gas
to be scattered or spread about in the form of a mist, vapor, particles,
or gas (e.g., noxious or incapacitating, plant, insect, animal,
foliage, biological warfare/chemical warfare). |
| 126, | Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 59.5 for portable devices for generating heat or smoke
for protecting orchards from frost (e.g., smudge pots). |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and
methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are
used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the
use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based
on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which
may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result
of combustion (particularly
subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for
compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely
within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by
dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting
composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing
a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning,
liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator),
a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for
compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to
a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one
of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the
composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection
117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a
resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing
a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically reactive compositions
to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol. |
|
| | |
| 3 | Steam present: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains steam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant
per se, therefor. |
|
| | |
| 4 | Discontinuous phase formed by hydrolysis step (e.g., metal
oxide from metal chloride/water reaction): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase contains
material* is formed by a hydrolysis step, such as, metal
oxide from metal chloride/water reaction.
| | (1)
Note. The hydrolysis step must be disclosed and reasonably
proximate to the class subject matter and not just speculation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant,
per se, therefor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 40+ for combustible or chemically reactive compositions
to produce a smoke, mist, or aerosol. |
|
| | |
| 5 | Steam present: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains steam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant
per se, therefor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see
subclass 68 for processes wherein the fibrous material is forcibly
and directly contacted with steam only during digestion or chemical
treatment for some purpose other than drying. |
| 392, | Electric Resistance Heating Devices,
subclasses 324+ for steam or vapor generator which is a fluid-in-circuit type
heater, and subclasses 386+ for a heating device for use
in converting a substance from a solid or liquid to a gaseous state
(especially subclasses 394+ for evaporation device for
substance which is a liquid (e.g., water, etc.)). |
|
| | |
| 6 | Discontinuous phase primarily liquid (e.g., mist, fog): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a discontinuous
phase which is primarily liquid, such as, mist or fog.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily liquid" means that 50% or more
of that phase is liquid, by weight, volume, or molecule. |
| | (2)
Note. Located in this subclass are colloid systems formed
by compressed (but not liquified) or flowing gases, and not solid
phase containing. Liquified propellants are located in indented
primary classes. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 7, | for a similar colloid systems which contain a solid
phase, such as droplets of liquid surrounding a solid seed nucleus,
solid walled microcapsules, smoke, or solid colloid-sized particles
mixed with the liquid colloid-sized particles. |
| 8, | for a similar colloid systems formed by liquified,
absorbed, absorbed, or dissolved propellant. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant,
per se, therefor. |
|
| | |
| 7 | The discontinuous phase contains a solid phase (e.g., seed
nucleus, microcapsules, smokey fog): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which the primarily liquid discontinuous
phase further contains solid phase material such as droplets of
liquid surrounding a solid seed nucleus, solid walled microcapsules,
smoke (solid colloid-sized particles) mixed with the liquid colloid-sized
particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant,
per se, therefor. |
|
| | |
| 8 | The continuous phase contains a propellant derived from
nongaseous phase (e.g., liquified propellant, such as hydrocarbon,
halogenated hydrocarbon, dimethylether; sorbed or dissolved CO 2): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which the continuous phase contains a
propellant of which a significant, intended portion was derived
from a non-gaseous (solid, liquid, gel, or supercritical) phase, such
as, liquified propellant, such as hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon,
dimethylether; adsorbed or dissolved CO 2; propellant imbued in
gel.
| | (1)
Note: Subject matter found here includes compositions (and
nominally recited cans or containers) for making aerosols which
are propelled from the container through a valve system by the pressure
of the propellant expanding into the ambient atmosphere where the
propellant is formulated to coexist with a non-gaseous phase of
itself which tends to permit delivery of the aerosol at a substantially
constant pressure until the container is empty. Also located here
are the propellants per se when their ultimate intended use is disclosed
or known to be for such aerosol compositions. |
| | (2)
Note: The propellant must derived from the non-gaseous phase,
not merely coexist with non-gaseous discontinuous phase component(s). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 6, | for colloid systems derived from purely gaseous
propellant. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant,
per se, therefor. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means,
subclass 3 for processes in which an aerosol type dispenser
type receiver is filled by steps involving manipulation of the dispenser
as an incident to or aid to refilling or filling the supply chamber
(i.e., the material to be dispensed, powder or liquid, is dissolved
in or carried by a vaporizing propellant which forms the charge
of the dispenser). |
| 222, | Dispensing,
subclasses 394+ for dispensers in which the material is caused
to discharge from the container by fluids under pressure that directly
contact the material to be dispensed, and subclass 635 for a pressurized
aerosol container. |
| 401, | Coating Implements With Material Supply,
subclass 190 for a device including pressurized reservoir (e.g., aerosol
device). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 1.13 for a radionuclide containing composition containing
aerosol, subclasses 43+ for an effervescent or pressurized
fluid containing composition, subclasses 76.2+ for nonbody
deodorizing substances which are evaporable, sublimable, or gas
(e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions, gels),
and digest 1 for aerosol hair preparations. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 116 for a packaged or wrapped product having utility
for dispensing or serving an aerosol, and subclass 235 for application
of a gas, mist, smoke, or vapor to a food material under the influence
of electrical or wave energy. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions. Although various subclasses specifically
provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter
may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical
constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic).
Areas known to have documents related to aerosol colloid systems
include
subclass 120 for a composition for cleaning human scalp hair,
scalp, or wig which is dispensed by release of pressurized gas,
subclasses 133+ for a composition for cleaning human skin
(especially subclass 140 for packaged in an aerosol dispenser),
subclass 198 for a gas-propelled composition for removing heat-degraded
food residue from solid surface, subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions
for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass
279 for gas-propelled composition (e.g., aerosol) for cleaning pile fabric
or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug)), subclasses 367+ for
cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical
bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for liquid,
paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition, or package)),
subclasses 395+ for a cleaning composition with a scrubbing
or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste,
gel, gas-propelled, slurry), and subclasses 405+ for liquid
cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants
(particularly subclass 406 for gas-propelled). |
|
| | |
| 8.1 | Precursor contains plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g.,
emulsion): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter in which the precursor to the colloid system
contains 2 or more immiscible liquid phases, such as, an emulsion
or non-emulsified immiscible liquids.
| | (1)
Note: The precursor refers to the colloid system and includes
the propellant component(s) as well as the aerosol component(s). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam), and propellant
per se, therefor. |
|
| | |
| 9 | CONTINUOUS LIQUID OR SUPERCRITICAL PHASE: COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS
CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF
MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE
COMPOSITIONS (E.G., THICKENING AGENT; PROTECTIVE COLLOID AGENT;
COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EMULSIFYING AGENT WITH NO DISPERSANT* DISCLOSED;
ORGANIC LIQUID EMULSIFIED IN ANHYDROUS HF): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) colloid system having a continuous
liquid or supercritical phase, (2) composition containing an agent* for
making or stabilizing such a system, such as thickening agent* or
other adjuvants, (3) process of making or stabilizing such a system, or
(4) process of preparing a composition containing an agent* for
making or stabilizing such a system; such as, compositions containing
an emulsifying agent* or colloid system stabilizing agent* with
no dispersant* disclosed, organic* liquid emulsified
in anhydrous HF; with the proviso that no continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase is present (i.e. excludes paste, gel, floc, gelled emulsion,
etc.).
| | (1)
Note. When the disclosure does not specify the continuous
and the discontinuous phases sufficiently to place in an indented
subclass, then the patent is placed in this subclass. However,
some colloid systems have generic or subgeneric placements, such
as a foam colloid system, which has a proper generic placement (i.e.,
all foam systems are provided for), or a primarily organic continuous
liquid phase colloid system. When multiple genera are disclosed,
each should be cross-referenced. |
| | (2)
Note. Certain subject matter is proper for placement in this
subclass, there being no indented subclass providing for such subject
matter. An example is an organic* liquid emulsified in
anhydrous-HF (which is nonaqueous and nonorganic*). Another
example is thickening agents for aqueous continuous phase systems
in which the discontinuous phase has not been disclosed (therefor
it could be organic liquid, solid, or bituminous). Continuous supercritical
phase colloid systems are placed in this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. See this class definition, in Section II, LINES WITH
OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection C., Guidelines for
OR (Original Reference) and XR (Cross Reference) Placement, hereinabove,
for explanation of placement requirements for references. A generically
claimed colloid system or making composition which is not provided
for in the USPCS, requires an XR herein. Further, the placement
of any generic claim must be premised on that generic disclosure
rather than upon a specific use for which a classification is already
made elsewhere (such as those classes which provide for solely disclosed
subject matter). For example, a surfactant mixture solely disclosed
as an aqueous phase laundry cleaning agent (which is inferred to
define an oil-in-water system) and generically described as useful
for surfactant uses or other such broad language which does not afford
determination of or limitation to a specific continuous phase is
placed in this subclass because no continuous phase is specified.
If the broad language does specify the continuous and/or
discontinuous phase so as to satisfy an indented subclass area,
then and only then placement is made therein; multiple placements
made be required in the case of generic and subgeneric type disclosures.
In summation, users of this class schedule should locate all broadly defined
liquid phase surfactants in this subclass if the continuous phase
is generic. |
| | (4)
Note. As set forth in the class definition, included in this
and indented subclasses are subcombination compositions, which includes
those compositions which are substantially completely formulated except
for performing a step thereon to form the colloid system, such as
a chemical reaction, or a physical step. Examples of such step
include depressurizing, heating, agitating, dissolving. Thus, a mixture
intended to be agitated into an emulsion or a foam is proper for
placement in this and indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 98+, | for gel or gelled emulsions (e.g., paste, gel, floc,
gelled emulsion). |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, Fullerenes. |
| 902, | for an art collection under the class definition
which discloses gelled emulsions. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the Class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for a reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclass 54.1 for a process or apparatus for storing a cryogen as
a mixture of diverse phases, such as, a gel or colloid suspension. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers,
subclass 64.08 for processes directed to the preparation of fertilizers
in form of slurry or suspension, and the produced plant fertilizing
compositions. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See
subclasses 162.1+ for coating or plastic composition containing
a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative* which
may be an emulsion (e.g., cellulose ether or ester), subclass 271 for
dispersions of paraffin wax in water which contain more than just the
material necessary to produce or stabilize the dispersion, subclass
277 for bituminous emulsions which contain more than just those
components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, subclass
278 for bituminous dispersions which contain more than just those
components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, and subclass
646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which sets
or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually forming
a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow,
or porous material. |
| 134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for an apparatus for or processes of cleaning, which
may include use of detergents, or for contacting solids with liquids
for any purpose not provided for in another class. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material
is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow
characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent,
viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other
forms of energy. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming
a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the
claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation
of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action
(especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, subclass 353
for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate,
immiscible layers are utilized), and subclass 699 for electrolytic
erosion of a workpiece for shape or surface change (e.g., etching,
polishing, etc.) (process and electrolyte composition) wherein the
electrolyte is held into contact with a portion of the workpiece
surface by surface tension or capillary action. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion
extraction. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 71+ for compositions for thickening liquids for use
as hydraulic fluids. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming
suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection
605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which
form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper
for compositions Classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface
of the liquid. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or
treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse
food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for
an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient
other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing
or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide),
and subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g.,
homogenizing. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which
may contain foam), and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions
which may contain foam). |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants which may be colloid systems. This class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the
composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid
systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be
placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or
mixture having no colloid system characteristic. |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion, cross-reference art collection 945 for subject matter
involving a foam and containing specified ingredients to form said
foam). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 171 for nonporous synthetic polymeric compositions
having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof. |
|
| | |
| 10 | Having discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a liquid
continuous phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam).
| | (1)
Note. Solid foams are not provided for in this class, unless
otherwise provided for as in the case of the foam of a gel system. |
| | (2)
Note. Surfactant mixtures useful for making solid foams,
e.g., polyurethane foams, and other formulations leading up to the
uncured foam, are proper for this class and are classified in this
and indented subclasses based upon the colloid system they are ultimately
intended to make, i.e., the liquid (pre-cured) foam, even though
it is a temporary intermediate. |
| | (3)
Note. As set forth in the class definition, included in this
and indented subclasses are subcombination compositions, which includes
those compositions which are substantially completely formulated except
for performing a step thereon to form the colloid system, such as
a chemical reaction, alone or facilitated by a physical step. Examples
of such step include spraying, heating, agitating, dissolving.
Thus, a liquified composition in a pressurized container intended
for creating a foam is proper for placement in this and indented
subclasses, and as appropriate in other colloid system areas of
this Class if the liquified composition is itself a colloid system.
Also included are the propellants per se when the ultimate intended
use is disclosed for these colloid systems. |
| | (4)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid systems of colloid-sized particles dispersed
in continuous gas or vapor phase (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud,
mist), and the propellant per se, therefor. |
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 98+, | for gel or gelled emulsion (e.g., paste, gel, floc,
gelled emulsion). |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, Fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the Class Definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses for the special use compositions
classified therein, and see
subclass 477 for foam dye compositions. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for plant fertilizing compositions,
and see cross-reference art collection 900 for foams of plant fertilizing
compositions. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See
subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which
sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually
forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow,
or porous material. |
| 109, | Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device,
subclasses 29+ for devices of the class combined with means for releasing,
generating and/or distributing gas, smoke, vapors and/or
liquids either manually, automatically upon attack, or automatically
in case of fire, which fluent material is normally, but not necessarily,
toxic, noncombustible, or incapacitating and may normally, but not
necessarily, be used to repel attacks and/or put out, prevent, or
impede the action of a fire, and this includes devices relating
to jails, where the purposes of this subclass are also present. |
| 156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, see the Class 156 definition for presentation of the diverse
content of this class. See
subclass 78 for processes of bonding of lamina which include
the step of forming pores by introducing a gas under pressure to
the interior of at least one lamina or by generating a gas in-situ
within such lamina. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well (especially
subclass 309 for processes which produce foam or gas in a well by
a foaming or gas producing material in a well), which includes significantly
claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also the
notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1. |
| 169, | Fire Extinguishers, see
subclass 44 for processes involving the mixing of fire extinguishing
components. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 699 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape
or surface change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and
electrolyte composition) wherein the electrolyte is held into contact with
a portion of the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary action. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others), subclasses 163+ for methods
and means wherein some material is caused to adhere selectively
(i.e., to some constituents and not to others) which so lightens
the material constituents to which it is attached as to cause them
to float on the liquid, while the other constituents are not floated
(e.g. bubbles are caused to attach to some components of a material
or mixture of solid materials and not to others, the components
to which the bubbles are attached being caused thereby to float on
the surface of the liquid). |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclass 3 , 6.5, 8.05 for fire extinguishing foams, subclasses
8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+, and 8.91+ for various
specialized compositions for leather, fur, or textile treating,
subclass 61 for froth flotation compositions used in physical separation, subclasses
182.11+ for compositions containing a single reactant or
plural reactants specialized or designed for use in subsequent reactions
with other materials, but not with each other (e.g., for producing
foams). |
| 261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, see
subclasses 75+ for devices specially adapted to produce an intimate contact
between gases and liquids, digest 26 foam apparatus. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes agitation and injection
of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein
the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 279+ for apparatus
with rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam,
and cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying
or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed
specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use
compositions (generic). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface
of the liquid. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 43+ for effervescent or pressurized fluid containing
composition, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 329 wherein a food foam is protected against deterioration,
or wherein a food is protected against undesirable foam formation
by contact with a change inhibiting chemical agent other than an
antioxygen agent, subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes
of preparing or treating compositions involving chemical reaction
by addition, combining diverse food material, or permanent additive
(particularly subclasses 564+ for foam or foamable type),
subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g.,
homogenizing. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 158+ for a structurally defined web or sheet which includes
variation in thickness and is composed of foamed or cellular layer (e.g.,
polyurethane, rubber), subclasses 304.4+ for web or sheet
containing a structurally defined element or component and two or
more components at least one of which has voids (e.g., porous, cellular,
microvoids). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or
compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present
in a composition or material containing a preexisting material,
is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism
or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material
which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or
toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes
wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed
or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266
for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate,
or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for
processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection
FOR184 formethod of using genetically engineered cells other than
hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
| 446, | Amusement Devices: Toys,
subclasses 15+ for bubble producing toys. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclass 39 for glass or glass forming compositions which are
pore forming, subclasses 80+ for other (non-glass or -glass
forming) compositions which are pore-forming ceramic compositions. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 102 for earth boring compositions which may contain
foam, subclass 202 for well treating compositions which may contain
foam. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions. Although various subclasses specifically
provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter
may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical
constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic).
Areas known to have documents related to foam colloid systems:
subclass 117 for composition for cleaning removable dentures which
is gas generating (e.g., effervescent), subclasses 133+ for
composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 135 for
high-foaming bath (e.g., bubble bath)), subclasses 276+ for
cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent)
(particularly subclass 317 for suds regulating component and peroxy
component containing), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions
with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component
(particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry,
aerosol composition or package)). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, cross-reference art collection 945 for subject matter involving
a foam and containing specified ingredients to form said foam. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 50+ for cellular products or processes of preparing
a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores, channels, such as solid
foams. |
|
| | |
| 11 | With particulate solid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a particulate
solid.
| | (1)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclass 60.11 for determining
cleaning or foaming ability). |
|
| | |
| 12 | The agent contains organic compound containing halogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
halogen. d (1) d ( ) Note. Halogen may be ionic or covalent
or complex. d (2) d ( ) Note. When classifying foam colloid
systems, the agent should not be confused with the gas phase. The
(colloid system making or stabilizing) agent is the component which
tends to aggregate at the boundary between the gas phase and the
liquid phase to facilitate or assist in the persistence of the system
for the degree of time sufficient for its intended use. This subclass
is not the proper location for foam colloid systems in which the only
halogen containing compound is the propellant and/or gas
phase.
| | (1)
Note. Halogen may be ionic or covalent or complex. |
| | (2)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or
stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. This subclass is not the proper
location for foam colloid systems in which the only halogen containing
compound is the propellant and/or gas phase. | |
| | |
| 13 | The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus
or silicon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
silicon or Phosphorus.
| | (1)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 23, | for a similar silicon containing colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid
continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion). |
| 24, | for a similar phosphorus containing colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* used in organic* liquid
continuous phase with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 38, | for a similar silicon containing subject matter
(unless provided by an indented subclass of specifically provided
for organic* compounds) used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsions. |
| 40, | for a similar phosphorus containing colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 55, | for a similar silicon containing colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous
liquid phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous
phase. |
| 56+, | for a similar phosphorus containing colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid
phase with primarily organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 14 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy*.
| | (1)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 58+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 15 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent used in organic* liquid continuous phase with discontinuous
phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 43+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 67+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 16 | The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxly
group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same
or different such amino acid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains 2 or more peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from natural or synthetic amino acids.
| | (1)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 44, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 70, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells
other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 17 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
| | (2)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 45, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 71, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 18 | The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
oxygen.
| | (1)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making or
stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 19 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
the -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
| | (2)
Note. When classifying foam colloid systems, the agent should
not be confused with the gas phase. The (colloid system making
or stabilizing) agent is the component which tends to aggregate at
the boundary between the gas phase and the liquid phase to facilitate
or assist in the persistence of the system for the degree of time
sufficient for its intended use. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 47+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 20 | Primarily organic continuous liquid phase (e.g., organic
liquid emulsified in an organic liquid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a primarily
organic* continuous liquid phase, such as organic* liquid
emulsified in an organic* liquid.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily organic*" means that 50% or
more of that liquid phase is organic* material*,
by weight, volume, or molecule. |
| | (2)
Note. Oil-in-oil colloid systems are proper for this subclass,
there being no indented subclass providing for this subject matter. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining
content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g.,
multiphase liquid), subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling
ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses
71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component
(e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions,
which are not elsewhere classified. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming
a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the
claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation
of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action
(especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, subclass 353
for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate,
immiscible layers are utilized). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion
extraction. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming
suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection
605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which
form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper
for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface
of the liquid. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion,
or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such, subclasses 278.1+ for a claimed particular
emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or
treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse
food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for
an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient
other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing
or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide),
subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g.,
homogenizing. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be oil-in-oil emulsions. Although various
subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents,
such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion,
such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid
system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to emulsion
colloid systems include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for
liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher,
subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g., emulsion) for removing
foreign matter from surface carrying a protective or ornamental coating,
finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g., from painted or papered
wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions
for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass
280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g.,
carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste, subclasses
337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be
colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions
with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component
(particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry,
aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste,
or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus
containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for
cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g.,
containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry),
subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses
405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically
specified surfactants (particularly subclass 417 for plural immiscible
liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers)), subclasses
535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are
specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary
components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection
923 for subject matter involving treating or preparing nonaqueous
dispersions or emulsions of solid polymer or SICP. |
|
| | |
| 21 | Discontinuous phase primarily inorganic liquid (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion, w/o): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a primarily
organic* continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous primarily
inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsion.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily inorganic*" means that 50% or
more of the discontinuous liquid phase is inorganic*, by
weight, volume, molecule, or atom. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 301+ for liquid fuels comprising an emulsion, such as
water-gasoline emulsions or microemulsions. |
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining
content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g.,
multiphase liquid)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions,
which are not elsewhere classified. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits, See
subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming
a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the
claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion
extraction. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of
dispersion or colloid system, subclasses 8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+,
and 8.91+ for various specialized compositions for leather,
fur, or textile treating. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming
suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection
605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which
form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper
for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface
of the liquid. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion,
or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such, subclasses 278.1+ for a claimed particular
emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or
treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse
food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for
an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient
other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing
or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide),
subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g.,
homogenizing. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells
other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions
which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of water-in-oil emulsions. This class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the
composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid
systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be
placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or
mixture having no colloid system characteristic. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be water-in-oil emulsions. Although various
subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents,
such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion,
such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid
system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to emulsion
colloid systems include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for
liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher,
subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g., emulsion) for removing
foreign matter from surface carrying a protective or ornamental coating,
finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g., from painted or papered
wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions
for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass
280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g.,
carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste, subclasses
337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be
colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions
with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component
(particularly subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry,
aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste,
or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus
containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for
cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g.,
containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry),
subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses
405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically
specified surfactants (particularly subclass 417 for plural immiscible
liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers)), subclasses
535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are
specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary
components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof. |
|
| | |
| 22 | Three or more phases (e.g., w/o emulsion also
containing solid particle suspension): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains three
or more phases of matter, for example a water-in-oil emulsion further
containing solid particulates, colloid-sized or otherwise.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 54, | for emulsions containing three or more liquid phases
where the outermost continuous phase is aqueous. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining
content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g.,
multiphase liquid)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions,
which are not elsewhere classified. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of water-in-oil emulsions. This class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the
composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid
systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be
placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or
mixture having no colloid system characteristic. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process
of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof. |
|
| | |
| 23 | The agent contains organic compound containing silicon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion. |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 38, | for a similar subject matter (unless provided by
an indented subclass of specifically provided for organic* compounds)
used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsions. |
| 55, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 24 | The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus
(e.g. lecithin): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
phosphorus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 40, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 56+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 25 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 58+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 26 | The organic compound contains nitrogen, except if present
solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter in which said organic* compound
containing sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for
when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group,
NH 4+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 59+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 27 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 43+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 67+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses
262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR184 for method of using genetically engineered
cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 28 | The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 29 | The compound contains -C(=O)O- (e.g., glyceride): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains -C(=O)O- (e.g., glyceride).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 30 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 31 | Discontinuous phase material primarily solid or semisolid
(e.g., colloid dispersion of gel particles, or paraffin wax, or
polytetrafluoroethylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter in which the colloid system comprises primarily
organic* continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase
of primarily solid or semisolid material*.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily solid or semisolid" means that 50% or
more of the discontinuous phase is solid or semisolid or both, by
weight, volume, molecule, or atom. |
| | (2)
Note. Organosols*, which are proper for this and
indented subclasses, may be an intermediate material* in
making aquasols, which are proper for lower in this class schedule. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam, especially subclass
11 for such systems containing particulate solid. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 78+, | for aquasols. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, Fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid
medium, such as dispersed coal. |
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining
settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses
71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g.,
particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions,
which are not elsewhere classified. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation., See
subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses
70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended
to be employed in the Class provided for processes). |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes,
or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit
does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and
compositions therefor, subclasses 334+ for processes or
compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements
by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein
an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte
or bath, and subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having
two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized). |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others). |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing
non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations,
and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions
of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions
be disclosed as colloidal or not. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or
in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen,
subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to
facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding
compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses
634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution
or gel. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming
suspensions or emulsions by agitation, and cross-reference art collection
605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which
form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper
for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion,
or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension
of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump,
etc.). |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be dispersions or suspensions of solid
or semi-solid material in organic liquid phase. Although various
subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents,
such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion,
such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system
characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to dispersion
or suspension colloid systems (e.g., slurry) include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized),
subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material
(e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for
liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems),
subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or
halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly
subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component
(e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam,
or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses
395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component
(e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry),
subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses
405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified
surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g.,
suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions
(other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning
compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly
subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), and cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection
923 for subject matter involving treating or preparing nonaqueous
dispersions or emulsions of solid polymer or SICP. |
|
| | |
| 32 | The material primarily contains elemental carbon (e.g.,
graphite, diamond): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase material* is
primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains elemental carbon" means that 50% or
more of the material* is elemental carbon, by weight, volume,
molecule, or atom. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, fullerenes. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous
reductant,
subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing
non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations,
and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions
of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions
be disclosed as colloidal or not. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein
the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as,
diamond, fullerenes. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 416+ , for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing;
the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition
comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a
sorbent for this Class. |
| 508, | Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,
subclasses 113+ for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental
carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition
or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems
or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed
based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture
having no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 33 | The material primarily contains inorganic material (e.g.,
chrome yellow, sodium nitrite): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the discontinuous phase material* is
primarily inorganic* material*, such as chrome
yellow, or sodium nitrite.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains inorganic* material*"
means that 50% or more is inorganic* material*,
by weight, volume, molecule, or atom. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials, compositions, colloid
systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate
methods designed for an abrading purpose. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension
of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump,
etc.). |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be dispersions or suspensions of solid
or semi-solid material in organic liquid phase. Although various
subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents,
such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion,
such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system
characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to dispersion
or suspension colloid systems (e.g., slurry) include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized),
subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material
(e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for
liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems),
subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or
halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly
subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component
(e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam,
or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses
395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component
(e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry),
subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses
405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified
surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g.,
suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions
(other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning
compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly
subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
|
| | |
| 34 | The inorganic material primarily contains compounds containing
both silicon and oxygen, or both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations
thereof (e.g., silica (SiO 2) organosol, silica alcosol, talc, clay): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily
contains one or more compounds containing both silicon and oxygen,
or both aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica
(SiO 2) organosol*, silica alcosol, talc, or clay.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains" means that 50% or more
of the inorganic* material* is one or more compounds,
taken together, containing both silicon and oxygen, or both aluminum
and oxygen, or combinations thereof, by weight, volume, or molecule. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 79+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily solid inorganic* material* which
is primarily a material* which contains silicon covalently
bonded to oxygen, such as, aluminum silicate, clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials, compositions, colloid
systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate
methods designed for an abrading purpose. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 35 | The inorganic material primarily contains elemental alkali
metal or primarily contains an alloy which primarily contains elemental alkali
metal (e.g., sodium): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily
contains elemental alkali metal or primarily contains an alloy which
primarily contains elemental alkali metal, such as sodium.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains" means that 50% or more
of the inorganic* material* is elemental alkali
metal or metals or 50% or more of the inorganic* material* is
an alloy which is 50% or more elemental alkali metal or
metals, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 36 | The inorganic material primarily contains antimony oxide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily
contains one or more Antimony oxides.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains antimony oxide" means that 50% or
more of the inorganic* material* is one or more
antimony oxides, taken together, by weight, volume, or molecule. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 37 | The inorganic material primarily contains elemental sulfur: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter in which the inorganic* material* primarily
contains elemental sulfur.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains elemental sulfur" means that 50% or
more of the inorganic* material* is elemental
sulfur, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily solid which is primarily inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 38 | Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase
primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, montan wax, paraffin
wax), or coal, or elemental carbon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous
continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily
bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, or paraffin wax), or coal,
or elemental carbon, i.e., water based suspensions or dispersions.
| | (1)
Note. Some early twentieth century patents claim emulsions
of bituminous material in water and do not disclose the emulsifying
agent*. Such generic disclosure patents are placed in
this subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Bituminous material* includes solid or semi-solid
hydrocarbon such as asphalt, pitch, tar, or paraffin wax. |
| | (3)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous
reductant, and
subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining
settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses
71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g.,
particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See
subclass 271 for dispersions of paraffin wax in water which
contain more than just the material necessary to produce or stabilize
the dispersion, subclass 277 for bituminous emulsions which contain
more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the
emulsion, and subclass 278 for bituminous dispersions which contain
more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the
emulsion. The line between Class 106 and Class 516 in regard to bituminous
emulsions is as follows: Processes of preparing bituminous emulsions
and the emulsions so produced are placed in Class 516 even though
the emulsions have utility as coating or plastic compositions, unless
the emulsions claimed contain ingredients over and above those necessary
for the preparation or maintenance (stabilization) of the colloid system,
such as, for example, cementatious material, pigments, fillers,
or aggregates. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming
a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the
claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others). |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing
non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations,
and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions
of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions
be disclosed as colloidal or not. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for
forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art
collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes
which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are
proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic). |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein
the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as,
diamond, fullerenes. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 416+ , for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing;
the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition
comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a
sorbent for this class. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants). |
| 508, | Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,
subclasses 113+ for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental
carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This Class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition
or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems
or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed
based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture
having no colloid system characteristic. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces. Although various subclasses specifically provide
for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be
placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution
(i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion). |
|
| | |
| 39 | The agent is formed in situ from native precursor by adding
inorganic alkaline material (e.g., NaOH or TSP added to in situ acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*, which is formed in
situ from at least one native precursor by adding inorganic* alkaline
material* to the colloid system or a precursor of it, such
as adding NaOH or TSP (trisodium phosphate) to a natively present acid.
| | (1)
Note. "Native precursor" means a precursor or reactant which
is present in the starting material* as derived, as contrasted
with a precursor or reactant which is added. Thus, impurities of crude
oil are native to the oil, and the use of one or more of them
by causing reaction with an added inorganic alkaline material* to
form a product which is an agent* for making or stabilizing
a colloid system (e.g., oil-in-water) is proper for placement in
this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 46+, | for colloid systems with agents* of similar
chemical structure which are not formed in situ from native precursor
(e.g., formed from added, nonbituminous source (non-native) organic* compound
containing carboxyl, ester, or hydroxy group, reacted with an inorganic* alkaline
agent). |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
| 927, | for a collection of art which discloses an operation
or a step of an in situ formation of colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* which includes a chemical reaction. |
|
| | |
| 40 | The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
phosphorus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 24, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 56+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 41 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy*.
| | (1)
Note. Thios, thioethers, and other non-oxygenated sulfur
groups are not provided for here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 58+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 42 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 59+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase, when the compound
also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 63, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase, when the agent* compound also
contains carboxylic acid ester. |
| 64, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous liquid phase with primarily
organic* liquid discontinuous phase (except those compounds
also having a nitrogen (except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+) which are
in subclass 59+, or a carboxylic acid ester group, which
are in subclass 63). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 43 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 67+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 44 | The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl
group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same
or different such amino acid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains 2 or more peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from natural or synthetic amino acids, such as casein, or
glue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 16, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 70, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR184 formethod of using genetically engineered
cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 45 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each
other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 67+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 46 | The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 47 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof
(e.g., soap, rosin, fatty acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid group or salt thereof,
such as soap, rosin, or fatty acids.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 19, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include
subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds,
and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood,
gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals
from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila,
etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac;
cativo resin). |
|
| | |
| 48 | Inorganic alkaline reactant is added in a separate step: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter in which an inorganic* alkaline reactant
is added in a separate step.
| | (1)
Note. An example of the type of process (or composition)
found in this subclass is the sequential addition of rosin and then NaOH
or TSP. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 19, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include
subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds,
and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood,
gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals
from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila,
etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac;
cativo resin). |
|
| | |
| 49 | With added solid nonbituminous particulate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter in which a solid, nonbituminous particulate
is added to the colloid system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 19, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 50 | With added solid nonbituminous particulate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which a solid, nonbituminous particulate
is added to the colloid system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 19, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 51 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which organic* compound containing
oxygen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 72+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily organic* liquid (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion). |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 52 | The agent contains specified solid nonbituminous particulate
(e.g., clay): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains a specified solid, nonbituminous particulate
material*, such as clay.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 53 | Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase
primarily organic liquid (e.g., organosilicon* oil- or
mineral-oil*-in-water, o/w emulsion): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous
continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily organic* liquid,
such as organosilicon* oil- or mineral-oil*-in-water,
o/w emulsion.
| | (1)
Note. Primarily organic* means that 50% or
more of that liquid phase is organic* material*,
by weight, volume, or molecule. |
| | (2)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
| | (3)
Note. See this class definition, in Section II, LINES WITH
OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection C., Guidelines for
OR (Original Reference) and XR (Cross Reference) Placement, hereinabove,
for explanation of placement requirements for references. A generically
claimed colloid system or making composition which is not provided
for in the USPCS, requires an XR herein. Further, the placement
of any generic claim must be premised on that generic disclosure
rather than upon a specific use for which a classification is already
made elsewhere (such as those classes which provide for solely disclosed
subject matter). For example, a surfactant mixture solely disclosed
as an aqueous phase laundry cleaning agent (which is inferred to
define an oil-in-water system) and generically described as useful
for surfactant uses or other such broad language which does not afford
determination of or limitation to a specific continuous phase is
placed in this subclass because no continuous phase is specified.
If the broad language does specify the continuous and/or
discontinuous phase so as to satisfy an indented subclass area,
then and only then placement is made therein; multiple placements
made be required in the case of generic and subgeneric type disclosures.
In summation, users of this class schedule should locate all broadly defined
liquid phase surfactants in this subclass if the continuous phase
is generic. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 77+, | for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions)
in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous
phase is primarily nonbituminous solid. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 301+ for liquid fuels comprising an emulsion, such as
water-gasoline emulsions or microemulsions. |
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining
content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g.,
multiphase liquid)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions,
which are not elsewhere classified. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material
is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow
characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent,
viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other
forms of energy. |
| 138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 40+ for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming
a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the
claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation
of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action
(especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, subclass 353
for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate,
immiscible layers are utilized), subclass 699 for processes in which
the material is organic which contains (a) a natural or synthetic elastic
polymer commonly known as rubber (e.g., caoutchouc, neoprene, etc.)
or (b) a dispersion or emulsion of a natural or synthetic elastic
polymer in water commonly known as latex. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion
extraction. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no
provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or
appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended
for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed,
would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically
superior within Class 252. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for
forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art
collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes
which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are
proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface
of the liquid. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion,
or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such, and subclasses 278.1+ for a claimed
particular emulsifier for a nonspecific immunoeffector. |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or
treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse
food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 602+ for
an aqueous emulsion in a composition having fat or oil basic ingredient
other than butter in emulsion form, subclass 654 for stabilizing
or preserving agent or emulsifier other than organophosphatide),
and subclass 519 for processes including mixing or agitating, e.g.,
homogenizing. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells
other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of oil-in-water emulsions. This Class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the
composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid
systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be
placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or
mixture having no colloid system characteristic. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be oil-in-water emulsion. Although various
subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents,
such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion,
such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid
system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to oil-in-water
emulsion colloid systems include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for
liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher,
subclass 242 for liquid composition (e.g., emulsion) for removing
foreign matter from surface carrying a protective or ornamental
coating, finish, or adhesively attached covering (e.g., from painted
or papered wall, automobile body), subclasses 276+ for
cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent)
(particularly subclass 280 for gel or liquid composition for cleaning
pile fabric or upholstery (e.g., carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel,
cream, or paste, subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions),
subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or
halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly
subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol
composition or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste,
or gel cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus
containing antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for
cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g.,
containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry),
subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses
405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically
specified surfactants (particularly subclass 417 for plural immiscible
liquid phases (e.g., emulsion, oily and aqueous layers)), subclasses
535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are
specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary
components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
|
| | |
| 54 | Three or more liquid phases (e.g., water-in-oil-in-water,
w/o/w emulsion): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains three
or more liquid phases of matter, such as water-in-oil-in-water emulsions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 22, | for a similar colloid system containing organic*-in-water-in-organic*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.44+ for determining
content or effect of a constituent of a mixture of plural liquids (e.g.,
multiphase liquid)). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 634+ for liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion
extraction. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for
forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art
collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes
which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are
proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic). |
| 422, | Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing,
Preserving, or Sterilizing,
subclasses 41+ for processes of storage of liquid which may involve
use of a colloid system such as an emulsion or foam spread on the surface
of the liquid. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 113 for image developing composition or product which
is a multiple phase liquid carrier medium, such as an emulsion,
for electric or magnetic imagery, subclasses 377+ for emulsifier
in a coupling compound with silver compound sensitizer in a process
of color imaging using a radiation sensitive composition, and subclass
493 for surfactant or emulsifier processing additive in a developer
for nonradiation sensitive image processing compositions or process
of making. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process
of preparing water-in-oil emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof. |
|
| | |
| 55 | The agent contains organic compound containing silicon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 23, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 38, | for a similar subject matter (unless provided by
an indented subclass of specifically provided for organic* compounds)
used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsions. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 56 | The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus
(e.g. lecithin): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
phosphorus, such as lecithin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 24, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 40, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 57 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains phosphorus contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 24, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 40, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 58 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy* (e.g.,
sodium lauryl sulfate): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy*, such as sodium lauryl sulfate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 59 | The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely
as NH 4+ (e.g., isopropylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing
sulfoxy* also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen
is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+,
such as isopropylammonium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
| | (1)
Note. Organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also
containing nitrogen does include organic* ammonium salts
of inorganic* sulfate anion. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 26, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 60 | The nitrogen is a ring member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which the nitrogen containing organic* compound
contains a ring structure which includes nitrogen.
| | (1)
Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding
must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such
as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to
each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes
of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 26, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 61 | The compound contains -S(O 2)NHH where substitution may
be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which the nitrogen containing organic* compound
contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 26, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 62 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter in which the nitrogen containing organic* compound
contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made
for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 26, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 63 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g.,
partial ester, mixed ester): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing
sulfoxy* also contains carboxylic acid ester group, such
as, partial ester, mixed esters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 64 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing
sulfoxy* also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt
thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 42, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 65 | The compound is mineral-oil* sulfonic acid (e.g.,
mahogany* or green* acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing
sulfoxy* is mineral-oil* sulfonic acid, such as,
mahogany* or green* acid(s).
| | (1)
Note. Mineral-oil* sulfonic acid results from mineral-oil* which
has been sulfonated, e.g., by sulfuric acid. Mahogany* acid
is the oil-soluble fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil;
green* acid is the oil-insoluble fraction of sulfonation
of petroleum* oil. |
| | (2)
Note. A substantially pure hydrocarbon is not a mineral-oil*,
hence the sulfonation product of such does not constitute an agent* for
colloid system making or stabilizing for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 66 | The compound contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene
ring (e.g., di-butyl-naphthalene sulfonic acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter in which the organic* compound containing
sulfoxy* also contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene
ring, such as, di-butyl-naphthalene sulfonic acid. (1) Note. The
agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated benzene ring containing
compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation was a mineral-oil* (see
glossary definition) then the subject matter is located above.
| | (1)
Note. The agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated
benzene ring containing compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation
was a mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) then the subject
matter is located above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 25, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 41+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 67 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for
when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group,
NH 4+.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 43+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 59+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* which includes sulfoxy*. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 68 | The nitrogen is a ring member (e.g., polyisocyanurate): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains the nitrogen in a ring structure, such
as polyisocyanurate.
| | (1)
Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding
must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such
as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to
each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes
of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 43+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 60, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* which includes sulfoxy*. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells
other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 69 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains the -C(=O)NHH group where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 43+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 60, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* which includes sulfoxy*. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 70 | The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl
group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same
or different such amino acid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains 2 or more peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from amino acids, whether natural or synthetic, such as,
soya protein, gelatin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 16, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 44, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 60, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* which includes sulfoxy*. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 71 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 17, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 27, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 45, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 60, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* which includes sulfoxy*. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 72 | The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter in which the colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 73 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g.,
partial ester, natural (glyceride) oil): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid ester group, such as partial
esters, natural (glyceride) oils.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 74 | The carboxylic acid ester group containing compound contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains carboxylic acid ester group contains repeating -(OC nH
2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly
to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 75 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof
(e.g., alkali metal soap): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof,
such as, alkali metal soap. d (1) d ( ) Note. "-C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters (represented
by -C(=O)OR where R is an organic* group).
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (represented by -C(=O)OR
where R is an organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 76 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 18+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in foam colloid system. |
| 20, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with organic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., oil-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 28+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with inorganic* liquid discontinuous phase (e.g., water-in-oil
emulsion). |
| 31+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in organic* liquid continuous phase
with discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid. |
| 39, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* where the organic* compound which contains
oxygen is derived from a native precursor in the bituminous material* and
it is subjected to an in situ reaction with an inorganic* alkaline
agent. |
| 46+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in bituminous-in-aqueous emulsion. |
| 77+, | for a similar colloid system making or stabilizing
agent* used in aqueous continuous phase with discontinuous phase
primarily (nonbituminous) solid. |
|
| | |
| 77 | Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase
primarily solid (e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, or
certain sols*, of natural or synthetic ester-wax, beeswax,
carnauba wax; or latex dispersion): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous
continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily
solid, such as, water based suspensions, dispersions, or certain
sols* of natural or synthetic ester-wax, beeswax, carnauba
wax, or latex dispersion).
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily solid" means that 50% or more of
the discontinuous phase is solid material*, by weight,
volume, molecule, or atom. |
| | (2)
Note. This is the residual subclass for gel particle dispersion
since no indented subclass provides for this subject matter. |
| | (3)
Note. This is the residual subclass for dispersion of solid
primarily organic* material* since no indented
subclass provides for this subject matter. |
| | (4)
Note. Dispersion agent* composition intended for
dispersing colloid-sized solid polyurethane into aqueous continuous
phase, either alone or combined with said polyurethane (but absent
said continuous aqueous phase), is proper for this subclass since
no indented subclass provides for this subject matter. See class definition
note (4) herein above. |
| | (5)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 9, | for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown
whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*. |
| 10+, | for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. |
| 20, | for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous
organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. |
| 21+, | for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase
is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid,
such as water-in-oil emulsions. |
| 31+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions
or dispersions). |
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
| 53+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the
continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is
primarily organic* liquid. |
| 901, | for a collection of art related to colloid systems
of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black,
lamp black, Fullerenes. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclass 54.1 for process or apparatus for storing a cryogen as
a mixture of diverse phases, such as, a gel or colloid suspension. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining
settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses
71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g.,
particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions,
which are not elsewhere classified. See
subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein
which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions,
usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular,
hollow, or porous material. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material
is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow
characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent,
viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other
forms of energy. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses
70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended
to be employed in the class provided for processes). |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 74 for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes,
or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit
does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and
compositions therefor, subclasses 334+ for processes or
compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements
by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein
an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte
or bath, and subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having
two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized). |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others). |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing
non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations,
and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions
of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions
be disclosed as colloidal or not. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or
in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen,
subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to
facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding
compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses
634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution
or gel. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming
suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection
605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which
form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper
for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 455 for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion,
or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be suspensions or dispersions of solid
in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry). Although various subclasses specifically
provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter
may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution
(i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known
to have documents related to suspensions or dispersions of solid
in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry) colloid systems include:
subclasses 112+ for compositions for cleaning contact lenses (especially
subclass 113 for compositions including solid particulate component
which may be a colloid system (suspension)), subclasses 133+ for
composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 139 for
particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning
compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly
subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry)
which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning
compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or
oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with
scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass
370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition
or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel
cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing
antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition
with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive,
cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclasses 405+ for liquid
cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants
(particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension,
slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other
that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions
together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass
537 for liquid or paste). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for
subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion
or emulsion). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive
material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension,
or emulsion therewith, or product thereof. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
include:
subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses
360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for
albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, and
subclasses 380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+for blood
coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin). |
|
| | |
| 78 | Said solid is primarily inorganic material (e.g., mercurous
halide): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter in which said primarily solid discontinuous
phase is primarily inorganic* material*, such
as, mercurous halide.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily inorganic* material*" means
that 50% or more of the solid phase is inorganic* material*,
by weight, volume, molecule, or atom. |
| | (2)
Note. Dispersed mercurous halide is proper for this subclass
since no indented subclass provides for this subject matter. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, appropriate subclasses for materials, compositions, colloid
systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate
methods designed for an abrading purpose. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining
settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses
71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g.,
particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See
subclass 646 for inorganic settable composition containing protein which
sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions, usually
forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow,
or porous material. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material
is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow
characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent,
viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other
forms of energy. |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or
in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen,
subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to
facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding
compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses
634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution
or gel. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 108+ for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by
vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming
suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection
605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which
form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper
for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions,
and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic). |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be suspensions or dispersions of solid
in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry). Although various subclasses specifically
provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter
may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution
(i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known
to have documents related to suspensions or dispersions of solid
in aqueous phase (e.g., slurry) colloid systems include:
subclasses 112+ for compositions for cleaning contact lenses (especially
subclass 113 for compositions including solid particulate component
which may be a colloid system (suspension)), subclasses 133+ for
composition for cleaning human skin (especially subclass 139 for
particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning
compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly
subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry)
which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning
compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or
oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with
scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass
370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition
or package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel
cleaning composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing
antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition
with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive,
cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclasses 405+ for liquid
cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants
(particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension,
slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other
that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions
together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass
537 for liquid or paste). |
|
| | |
| 79 | The material primarily contains compound containing silicon
covalently bonded to oxygen (e.g., aluminum silicate, clay): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* primarily
contains one or more compounds containing silicon covalently bonded
to oxygen, such as, aluminum silicate, clay.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains compound containing silicon covalently
bonded to oxygen" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material*,
by weight, volume, or molecule, contains one or more compounds,
taken together, containing silicon covalently bonded to oxygen. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating
compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 80 | The material is a silica particle having a distinct layer
containing non-monovalent metal oxide (e.g., alumina coated silica
sol): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* is
a silica particle which further has a distinct layer containing
nonmonovalent metal oxide, such as alumina coated silica sol.
| | (1)
Note. "Nonmonovalent metal" excludes lithium, sodium, potassium,
and rubidium. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 81 | The material is substantially pure silica sol: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* is
substantially pure silica sol.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, and clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 82 | The silica is formed or grown by reaction of alkali silicate
and non-siliceous inorganic acid (e.g., H 2SO 4): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is
prepared by a reaction of alkali silicate and a non-siliceous inorganic* acid,
such as, sulfuric acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, and clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
|
| | |
| 83 | Ion exchange step occurs before or during growing or forming
the sol: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is
prepared by a process which employs an ion exchange step which occurs
before or during growing or forming the sol.
| | (1)
Note. The ion-exchange step does not have to be recited in
a claim, the disclosure may be relied upon. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, and clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
|
| | |
| 84 | Ion-exchange step employed in post-treatment (e.g., purification): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is
prepared by a process which employs an ion exchange step as a post-treatment
of the formed silica particles, such as purification of the silica
sol.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, and clay. |
| 83, | for a similar process which also employ an ion-exchange
step preparatory to or part of growing or forming said silica. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
|
| | |
| 85 | Gel forming step (e.g., peptize): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is
prepared by a process which employs a gel forming step, such as,
to peptize the reactants.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
|
| | |
| 86 | Hydrolysis step or elemental silicon source (e.g., fumed
silica): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said substantially pure silica is
prepared by a process which employs a hydrolysis step or uses an
elemental silicon source, such as making fumed silica.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
|
| | |
| 87 | Having colloid system stabilizing or preserving agent which
is organic compound (e.g., deflocculant, antibacterial, esterification
of unstable silicasols): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter in which said colloid system of discontinuous
substantially pure silica in aqueous continuous liquid phase further
contains an organic* compound as a colloid system stabilizing
or preserving agent*, such as, deflocculant, antibacterial.
| | (1)
Note. Stabilization can be inferred whenever a dispersion
containing alcohol is distilled because an esterification reaction
will occur, which is known to stabilize colloid systems, such as
the aqueous silicasols. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material* which
is primarily compounds containing both silicon and oxygen, both
aluminum and oxygen, or combinations thereof, such as silica organosol*,
silica alcosol, talc, clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
|
| | |
| 88 | The material primarily contains compound containing both
metal and oxygen (e.g., silver nitrate): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said solid inorganic* material* primarily
contains one or more compounds, taken together, containing metal
and oxygen, the metal and oxygen being bonded either directly or
indirectly to each other, covalently or otherwise, such as silver
nitrate.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains compound containing both metal
and oxygen" means that 50% or more of the inorganic* material*,
by weight, volume, or molecule, contains one or more compounds,
taken together, containing both metal and oxygen. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, for subject matter involving (a) superconductor technology
above 30 K and (b) art collections involving superconductor technology;
including apparatus, devices, materials, and processes involving
such technology,
subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension
of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump,
etc.). |
|
| | |
| 89 | The metal present in the greatest amount is yttrium, scandium,
or rare earth (e.g., hydrated ceric dioxide): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest
amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen
is yttrium, scandium, or rare earth, such as, dispersion of hydrated
ceric dioxide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, for subject matter involving (a) superconductor technology
above 30 K and (b) art collections involving superconductor technology;
including apparatus, devices, materials, and processes involving
such technology,
subclass 165 for system, device, or component utilizing suspension
of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump,
etc.). |
|
| | |
| 90 | The metal present in the greatest amount is titanium, zirconium,
or hafnium: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest
amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen
is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
|
| | |
| 91 | The metal present in the greatest amount is antimony, bismuth,
or arsenic: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest
amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen
is antimony, bismuth, or arsenic.
| | (1)
Note. Arsenic is considered a metal for purposes of this
subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
|
| | |
| 93 | The metal present in the greatest amount is aluminum: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter in which the metal present in the greatest
amount in the total of all compounds containing both metal and oxygen
is aluminum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
|
| | |
| 94 | The aluminum material is fibrous or elongate: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter in which said aluminum material* is
in the form of fibrous or elongate structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
|
| | |
| 96 | The material primarily contains elemental selenium, tellurium,
or sulfur, or compound thereof (e.g., zinc sulfide): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said discontinuous solid phase primarily
inorganic* material* primarily contains elemental
selenium, tellurium, or sulfur, or one or more compounds thereof, such
as, zinc sulfide.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains elemental selenium, tellurium,
or sulfur, or one or more compounds thereof" means that 50% or
more of the solid inorganic* material*, by weight,
volume, molecule, or atom, contains elemental selenium, tellurium,
or sulfur, or one or more compounds thereof, alone or in combination. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
|
| | |
| 97 | The material primarily contains elemental platinum group
metal, copper, silver, or gold, or compound thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which said discontinuous solid phase primarily
inorganic* material* primarily contains elemental
platinum group metal, copper, silver, or gold, or one or more compound
thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily contains elemental platinum group metal,
copper, silver, or gold, or compound thereof" means that 50% or
more of the solid inorganic* material*, by weight,
volume, molecule, or atom, contains elemental platinum group metal,
copper, silver, or gold, or one or more compounds thereof, alone
or in combination. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33+, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily inorganic* solid or semisolid material*. |
|
| | |
| 98 | CONTINUOUS OR SEMICONTINUOUS SOLID PHASE (I.E., SYSTEMS
WHICH EXHIBIT PLASTICITY, ELASTICITY, OR RIGIDITY): COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS
CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF
MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE
COMPOSITIONS (E.G., GEL, PASTE, GELLED EMULSION, FLOC): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) colloid system having a continuous
or semicontinuous solid phase, (2) composition containing an agent* for
making or stabilizing such a system, (3) process of making or stabilizing
such a system, or (4) process of preparing a composition containing
an agent* for making or stabilizing such a system (i.e.,
systems which exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity); such
as gel, paste, gelled emulsion, floc.
| | (1)
Note. A gel is defined as a solid or semisolid colloid system
formed of a solid continuous phase and a liquid phase (either discontinuous
or continuous or mixed), often identified by its outward gelatinous
appearance, and which exhibits properties of a solid such as plasticity, elasticity,
or rigidity. Thus, for these colloid systems, the liquid phase
need not be a "dispersed" phase, rather it may
be continuous. The gelling component (solid phase) is usually of
the lipophilic type and present in concentrations of less than 10
percent. As defined for purposes of this and indented subclasses,
this would exclude silica gels and aluminosilicate gels and other
materials* which are primarily solid and described as being
particulate, microspheroidal, spheroidal, etc., or described with
descriptive properties, terms, or expressions which indicates destruction
of the two-phase system, such as, pore volume, pore diameter, surface
area. |
| | (2)
Note. Pastes are included here as semicontinuous solid phase
materials*. They exhibit one or more solid properties
of plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity. The particles in the system
appear to be weakly bonding so as to acquire solid or gel-like characteristics. |
| | (3)
Note. The usual distinction between sols* and gels* is
that sols* are flowable and gels* are not. |
| | (4)
Note. For a gelled composition which is claimed or disclosed
as having a function or utility provided for in the US Patent Classification
System, see Class 516 definitions, section II, subsections C and
E especially. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 902, | for an art collection of gelled emulsion. |
| 905+, | for a collection of art under the class definition
which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system
making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying,
dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and
lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 34, | Drying and Gas Vapor Contact with Solids,
subclasses 302+ for processes under that class definition of treating
a flowable material wherein the material is congealed, thickened,
jelled, or stiffened in any way. |
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclasses 265+ for a gelled composition to be used either as a
fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant in a metallurgical process. |
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension, subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein
the propellant is a gelatinous precipitate. |
| 62, | Refrigeration,
subclass 54.1 for process or apparatus for storing a cryogen as
a mixture of diverse phases, such as, a gel or colloid suspension. |
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers,
subclass 64.09 for processes directed to the preparation of fertilizers
in form of gels and the produced plant fertilizing compositions. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclass 152 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid and
including coagulating or flocculating agent. |
| 102, | Ammunition and Explosives,
subclass 365 for liquid or jelly containing incendiary apparatus
or method of use. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and
methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are
used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the
use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based
on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which
may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result
of combustion (particularly
subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for
compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely
within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by
dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting
composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing
a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning,
liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator),
a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for
compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to
a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one
of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the
composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection
117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a
resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing
a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which
may include gel forming or breaking in a well, which includes significantly
claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also
the notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166, subclass 244.1. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 702+ for processes in which a liquid is treated by a
chemical or physical agent to cause a dissolved constituent to separate
from the solvent or to cause a constituent, dispersed in such a
finely divided state that it is not filterable or settleable, to agglomerate,
coagulate, coalesce, or flocculate (e.g., subclasses 703+ for flotation
using a specified precipitant, coagulant, or flocculant). |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 186.1+ for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or
in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen,
subclass 194 for a composition which is designed to remove or bind
water which may be in the form of a gel or which forms a gel, subclasses
634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution
or gel. |
| 264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 3.1+ for processes making gelled explosives which include
a molding step or otherwise proper for this class. |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 526 for solid electrolytic capacitor of paste or gel. |
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid
into a gel. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying,
gelling, or foaming, are proper for compositions Classes for the claimed
specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use
compositions (generic). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 1.25 for radionuclide containing composition which dissolves
or elutes from solid or gel matrix, subclasses 469+ in which
sustained or differential release type tablets, lozenges, or pills
contain discrete soluble particles of the active ingredient are
positioned or dispersed in a solid, generally insoluble matrix from
which said particles are leached sequentially under conditions of
use from the outside portions of the matrix inwardly, subclasses
76.2+ for non-body deodorizing substances which are evaporable,
sublimable, or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions,
gels). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or
treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse
food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 573+ for
gels or gellable composition). |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 246 for forming a foraminous product having a microporous
coating by coagulating or jelling the coating. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g.,
instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where
a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image
processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain
gel (e.g., gelatin). |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass 515 for tests involving diffusion or migration of antigen
or antibody through a gel, such as immunoelectrophoresis. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are
made by a gel route. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming
silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally
produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition
of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic
gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide
in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water,
appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95
to 99% of the mixture. |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclass 440 for processes under the class definition of producing
or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconductor material
or superconductor containing products or processes of producing
or treating precursors thereof which utilizes a sol or gel at any
stage, cross-reference art collection 735 for a process limited
to the methods of making or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K)
superconducting shaped material, article, or device which includes
a sol-gel process. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain
colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting
agents, cross-reference art collection 922+ for fracture
fluids which may be gels. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This Class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be gel or paste. Although various subclasses
specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such
subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such
as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system
characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to gel or paste
colloid systems include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for
liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher,
subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material
(e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or
liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g.,
carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste), subclasses
367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing
chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for
liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or
package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning
composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing
antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning
composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing
an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass
403 for gel or malleable (e.g., plastic-like) cleaning composition, subclass
404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 535 for surfactant
compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use
in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components
(particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 512, | Perfume Compositions,
subclass 2 for compositions which include a chemical compound
whose sole purpose is to prevent chemical change, or to extend the
life of the perfume by retarding evaporation of the perfume active
ingredient, subclass 4 for nonliquid or encapsulated compositions, such
as gels containing a perfume material |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collection 944 for subject matter
involving a gel form and containing specified ingredients to give
a gel). |
| 604, | Surgery,
subclass 368 for methods and apparatus comprising portable receptor
or material collecting means used to receive material discharge from
the body and treatment of the body by employing material collectors
or receptors which comprise an absorbent pad for external or internal application
and supports therefor (e.g., catamenial devices, diapers, etc.)
and which contain collagen or gelling material. |
|
| | |
| 99 | The solid phase contains organic material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase contains organic* material*, alone
or in combination with inorganic* material*.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain Nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 39.464 for reaction motor having means to produce combustion
products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion,
or suspension, subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein
the propellant is a gelatinous precipitate. |
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 102, | Ammunition and Explosives,
subclass 365 for liquid or jelly containing incendiary apparatus
or method of use. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See
subclass 646 for inorganic settleable composition containing
protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions,
usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular, hollow,
or porous material. |
| 149, | Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, appropriate subclasses for explosive and thermic compositions and
methods of preparing or treating such compositions, where the latter are
used to produce usable heat or flame or by-products resulting from the
use of such compositions (e.g. smoke flares). See various subclasses based
on active composition for explosive or thermic compositions which
may be gels or pastes or may be intended to yield smoke as result
of combustion (particularly
subclasses 29+ , 37+, and 78+), subclasses 17+ for
compositions containing particulate material dispersed substantially entirely
within a solidified or matrix medium and which are characterized by
dispersed phase within a continuous phase, subclass 108.4 for smoke affecting
composition (e.g., coloring), subclass 108.8 for compositions containing
a stability or viscosity agent (e.g., gelling, thickening, thinning,
liquefying, etc., agent, a stabilizer or unstabilizer (activator),
a burning rate modifier), cross-reference art collection 110+ for
compositions or processes reciting or disclosing a reference to
a particular size or dimension of the particles of at least one
of the ingredients or the size or dimension of all or part of the
composition in particulate form, cross-reference art collection
117 for smoke generating or weather modifying composition with a
resin, and cross-reference art collection 118 for composition containing
a resin dissolved in the continuous phase of a gel. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 187 for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous
product from a hydrated or partially gelatinized fiber and the product
per se. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which
may include gel forming or breaking in a well, which includes significantly
claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also
the notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1 and
in Class 507 definition. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclass 414 for apparatus for electrolysis in analytical or
testing system which uses a gel electrolyte, subclasses 450+ for
processes of separating or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis
(especially subclasses 456+ for processes of gel electrophoresis,
subclass 514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system
(e.g., emulsion breaking)). |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 1.25 for radionuclide containing composition which dissolves
or elutes from solid or gel matrix, subclasses 469+ in which
sustained or differential release type tablets, lozenges, or pills
contain discrete soluble particles of the active ingredient are
positioned or dispersed in a solid, generally insoluble matrix from
which said particles are leached sequentially under conditions of
use from the outside portions of the matrix inwardly, subclasses
76.2+ for non-body deodorizing substances which are evaporable,
sublimable, or gas (e.g., deodorization of air, aerosol spray compositions,
gels). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclasses 531+ for per se products or processes of preparing or
treating compositions involving chemical reaction by addition, combining diverse
food material, or permanent additive (particularly subclasses 573+ for
gels or gellable composition). |
| 427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 246 for forming a foraminous product having a microporous
coating by coagulating or jelling the coating. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g.,
instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where
a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image
processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain
gel (e.g., gelatin). |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass 515 for tests involving diffusion or migration of antigen
or antibody through a gel, such as immunoelectrophoresis. |
| 505, | Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclass 440 for processes under the class definition of producing
or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K) superconductor material
or superconductor containing products or processes of producing
or treating precursors thereof which utilizes a sol or gel at any
stage, cross-reference art collection 735 for a process limited
to the methods of making or treating high temperature (Tc >30 K)
superconducting shaped material, article, or device which includes
a sol-gel process. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain
colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting
agents, cross-reference art collection 922+ for fracture
fluids which may be gels. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be gel or paste. Although various subclasses
specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such
subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such
as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system
characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to gel or paste
colloid systems include:
subclasses 133+ for composition for cleaning human skin (especially
subclass 158 for cream, paste, or gel), subclasses 221+ for
liquid, paste, or gel composition used in automatic dishwasher,
subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material
(e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclass 280 for gel or
liquid composition for cleaning pile fabric or upholstery (e.g.,
carpet, rug), subclass 336 for gel, cream, or paste), subclasses
367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing
chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclass 370 for
liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or
package)), subclasses 383+ for liquid, paste, or gel cleaning
composition with halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus containing
antiseptic or biocidal component, subclasses 395+ for cleaning
composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing
an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass
403 for gel or malleable (e.g., plastic-like) cleaning composition, subclass
404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 535 for surfactant
compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use
in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components
(particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 772+ for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive
organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference
art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed
carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient
(particularly cross-reference art collection 944 for subject matter
involving a gel form and containing specified ingredients to give
a gel). |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin
in gel form, subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic resin. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclasses 100 through 173, for nonporous synthetic polymeric gels with specified
functions or uses. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, appropriate subclasses for synthetic polymeric gels,
cross-reference art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel
compositions, cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection
disclosing flocculating, clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
include:
subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses
360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for
albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses
380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for
blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin). |
|
| | |
| 100 | The organic material coats, impregnates, or surface modifies
solid inorganic material (e.g., dextrin modified clay): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter in which the organic* material* coats,
impregnates, or surfaced modifies an inorganic* material*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 98, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase which does not have organic* material* in the
solid phase, and also is of a solid material* not provided
for in subclasses 110, 111, or 112. |
| 110, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase in which the solid phase contains metal silicate or
clay and which does not have organic* material* in
the solid phase. |
| 111, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase in which the solid phase contains silica and which does
not have organic* material* in the solid phase. |
| 112, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase in which the solid phase contains alumina and which
does not have organic* material* in the solid
phase. |
|
| | |
| 101 | The organic material contains organic compound containing
nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+ : |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter in which the organic* material* contains
an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for
when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group,
NH 4+
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 98, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase which does not have organic* material* in the
solid phase, and also is of a solid material* not provided
for in subclasses 110, 111, or 112. |
| 102+, | for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains
an organic* compound which contains Nitrogen (except if present
solely as NH 4+), which doesn"t coat, impregnate,
or surface modify an inorganic* material*. |
| 110, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase in which the solid phase contains metal silicate or
clay and which does not have organic* material* in
the solid phase. |
| 111, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase in which the solid phase contains silica and which does
not have organic* material* in the solid phase. |
| 112, | for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase in which the solid phase contains alumina and which
does not have organic* material* in the solid
phase. |
|
| | |
| 102 | The organic material contains organic compound containing
nitrogen, except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter in which the organic* material* contains
an organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for
when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group,
NH 4+
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101, | for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains
an organic* compound which contains nitrogen (except if present
solely as NH 4+), which coats, impregnates, or surface
modifies an inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclass 252 for reaction motor (e.g., rockets) wherein the propellant
is a gelatinous precipitate. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g.,
instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where
a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image
processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain
gel (e.g., gelatin). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
include:
subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses
360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for
albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses
380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for
blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin). |
|
| | |
| 103 | The compound contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from amino acids, natural or synthetic, by reaction of a carboxyl
group of one such amino acid with an amino group of another same
or different such amino acid: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains Nitrogen contains plural peptide linkages, i.e., compound
formed from natural or synthetic amino acids.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain Nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101, | for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains
an organic* compound which contains Nitrogen (except if present
solely as NH 4+), which coats, impregnates, or surface
modifies an inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions,
and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic
compositions, which are not elsewhere classified.
subclass 646 for inorganic settleable composition containing
protein which sets or hardens when mixed with water or aqueous solutions,
usually forming a hard, stone-like product, and forming foam, cellular,
hollow, or porous material. |
| 430, | Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 199+ for films used for image forming and transfer (e.g.,
instant photography) which may include a gel, subclass 404 where
a gel or web is used in a developer for nonradiation sensitive image
processing, subclasses 495.1+ for film which may contain
gel (e.g., gelatin). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins; areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
include:
subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses
360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for
albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses
380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for
blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin). |
|
| | |
| 105 | The compound is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative* (e.g.,
mono- or polysaccharide): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*,
such as, monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
| | (1)
Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose
monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones,
having the formula C n(H 2O) n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding
cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the
carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function
of the saccharide. | |
| | |
| 107 | The compound is gum or derivative thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the carbohydrate* is gum
or a derivative thereof.
| | (1)
Note. The gum may be derivatized so long as it satisfies
the requirement for carbohydrate-derivative*. |
| | (2)
Note. The term gum has acquired multiple meanings which
are chemically unrelated to each other. The subject matter encompassed
herein is that of the carbohydrate polymers occurring as exudates
of various trees, shrubs, or algae. Examples include, guar, arabic, tragacanth,
karaya. The gum may be natural or synthetic. | |
| | |
| 109 | The compound contains –C(=O)OH
or salt thereof (e.g., calcium stearate): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains the
| | (1)
Note. "–C(=O)OH
group or salt thereof" does NOT include carboxylic acid esters ( –C(=O)OR where R is
an organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 108, | for similar colloid systems in which the organic* oxygen
containing compound contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
|
| | |
| 110 | The solid phase contains metal silicate or clay (e.g.,
bentonite, kaolin): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the solid phase contains metal silicate
or clay, such as, bentonite, kaolin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 99+, | for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains
organic* material*, alone or in combination with
metal silicate or clay. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are
made by a gel route. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming
silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally
produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition
of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic
gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide
in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water,
appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95
to 99% of the mixture. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 111 | The solid phase contains silica (e.g., hydrated silicagel): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the solid phase contains silica,
such as, hydrated silicagel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 99+, | for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains
organic* material*, alone or in combination with
silica. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are
made by a gel route. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming
silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally
produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition
of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic
gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide
in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water,
appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95
to 99% of the mixture. |
| 508, | Solid Antifriction Devices, Material Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
lubricants composed of suspension which may be colloid systems,
see
subclasses 136+ for compositions which are miscellaneous mineral
oil compositions, or are lubricants or separants for moving solid
surfaces, which contain silicon dioxide, silicic acid, orthosilicate, or
metasilicate (e.g., clays, onium clays, estersils, etc.) which may
be surface-treated. This class is organized based upon the chemical
constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device;
no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting
agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon
its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having
no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 112 | The solid phase contains alumina (e.g., hydrated alumina-gel): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the solid phase contains alumina,
such as, hydrated alumina-gel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 99+, | for colloid systems in which the solid phase contains
organic* material*, alone or in combination with
alumina. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 17.2 for processes of working or treating glass which
includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any
stage of working or treating glass. |
| 501, | Compositions: Ceramic,
subclass 12 for glass or glass forming compositions which are
made by a gel route. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 233+ for forming a catalyst or precursor comprising forming
silica gel (i.e., an amorphous form of hydrate silica, generally
produced by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or decomposition
of a silicate), subclass 405 for solid sorbent comprising inorganic
gel composition, in which there is usually a metal or silicon oxide
in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in water,
appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as much as 95
to 99% of the mixture. |
|
| | |
| 113 | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR BREAKING (RESOLVING) OR
INHIBITING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF BREAKING (RESOLVING) OR
INHIBITING COLLOID SYSTEMS (E.G., GEL BREAKING OR INHIBITING, COAGULATING,
FLOCCULATING); PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) composition containing an
agent* for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting a colloid
system, (2) process of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting such a
system, by any means including chemically, physically, or energetically,
for example, using contacted or added substance*, material*,
or matrix, using shearing technique, using fixed bed, mesh, or screen,
or using cooling or heating, or (3) process of preparing a composition containing
an agent* for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting such a
system.
| | (1)
Note. Subject matter included in this and indented subclasses
includes smoke clearing, defoaming, de-emulsifying, resolving emulsions
or suspensions, flocculating colloid suspensions, and gel-breaking
and compositions containing agents* for accomplishing these objectives. |
| | (2)
Note. As set forth in class definition (3) note, methods
of breaking or inhibiting a colloid system which also thereby makes or
stabilizes a (different) colloid system will be placed in the first
occurring appropriate subclass in this class and cross-referenced
to each other appropriate subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. Agents* for and methods of inhibiting or breaking
gels (continuous solid phase colloid systems) or continuous liquid
phase with discontinuous solid phase (solid particle sols, suspended
solids) are not provided for in indented subclasses and hence are
located in this subclass. |
| | (4)
Note. Methods and agents* for inhibiting or breaking
colloid systems which are proper for this and indented subclasses
include those which are characterized as physical, including those which
do not involve the addition of solutes. For example, applying or
removing heat, contacting with porous or particulate materials*,
or shearing techniques. |
| | (5)
Note. Claims to methods for inhibiting or breaking which
involve the use of a single compound are proper for placement in
this and indented subclasses. Claims to agents* consisting
of single compounds, or to solid resins are properly placed in the
appropriate compound or resin class, and no cross-reference is required
to Class 516. |
| | (6)
Note. A colloid system which intentionally contains a breaking
(resolving) or inhibiting agent* which is to be triggered by
an event, such as heat, or light, or shear, in order for it to act
to resolve or break the colloid system is proper for placement of
a cross-reference in this and indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 53.01+ for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension
of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 64.41+ for
a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition
of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension
of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting
the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form
a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)). |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, see
subclasses 1+ for processes of liberation (especially subclasses
70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended
to be employed in the class provided for processes), subclasses
100+ for processes of depositing fibers from a liquid suspension thereof
to form an interfelted fibrous product (paper), subclass 187 for
processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product from a hydrated
or partially gelatinized fiber and the product, per se. |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of treating or operating a well which
may include gel forming or breaking in a well, which includes significantly
claimed process steps of well treating or well operation. See also
the Notes and SEARCH CLASS references in Class 166, subclass 244.1. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification
of liquids, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating
or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis, subclasses
554+ for processes (e.g., electrostatic separation of
a liquid) involving (a) electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of a liquid, or (b) magnetic
treatment, per se, when some effect other than mere separation is
desired or produced (especially subclasses 563+ for process
which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or
accreting suspended constituents in a predominantly hydrocarbon
liquid, subclass 573 for process which involves breaking emulsion
or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents
in other than a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 177+ (see particularly subclass 263) for mere removal
of a colloid system stabilizing agent* from a mineral oil
for the purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion, or colloid
system, containing the mineral oil. Class 516 provides for breaking of
emulsions of mineral oil when not combined with some other treatment of
the mineral oil, i.e., Class 516 provides for effecting breaking
or inhibiting by merely adding an agent* for that purpose
and permitting or causing separation (e.g., by settling). |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 5 for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials
or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which
certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed
relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated
(this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the
deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation
of some components from others). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, provides for treating water or waste liquid, and
when not more specifically provided for, for treating liquids in general
or of any kind. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of colloid systems
generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation or purification
of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by a Class 516 process,
such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for such
processes further including ancillary steps, such as, decanting,
or passing through a separatory funnel, etc., or (b) processes in
which recovery is intended of both water and another product. Class
210 provides for (a) processes which include a step of colloid system
resolution of liquids, generally claimed, when combined with a step
of separation of a diverse component, unless that step is also a
Class 516 step (i.e., multiple Class 516 steps are proper for placement
in Class 516), or (b) a step of colloid system breaking, per se,
for the purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended
for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating
of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion
breaking step is proper for Class 210. See subclasses 634+ for
liquid/liquid solvent or colloid dispersion extraction,
subclasses 702+ for processes in which a liquid is treated
by a chemical or physical agent to cause a dissolved constituent to
separate from the solvent or to cause a constituent, dispersed in
such a finely divided state that it is not filterable or settleable,
to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or flocculate (e.g., subclasses
703+ for flotation using a specified precipitant, coagulant,
or flocculant, and subclass 708 for including emulsion breaking), cross-reference
art collections 922+ for oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference
art collection 925 for using chemical agent). |
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 175+ for compositions for treating water to soften or
purify it, to precipitate impurities in it, or to inhibit formation
of scale or incrustation in steam boilers or other water containers, |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, methods for defoaming or foam inhibiting of fermentations which
include more than a nominal fermentation step are proper for Class 435,
even though a Class 516 composition or step may be present. |
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass 18 for compositions, such as anticoagulant containing,
which are used to mimic or quantify the effect, in a chemical test procedure,
of another chemical composition, or to stabilize, preserve or otherwise
prepare a sample for a chemical test and the processes of use of
such materials preparatory to a chemical test procedure. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, cross-reference art collection 921 for well treating
composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink
a polymer. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 922 for flocculating,
clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for breaking suspended solid colloid
systems such as proteins; areas known to have documents related
to colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 354+ for gelatin, subclass 356 for collagen, subclasses
360+ for casein or caseinate, subclasses 362+ for
albumin, subclasses 370+ for plant or yeast proteins, subclasses
380+ for blood proteins (particularly 381+ for
blood coagulation factors and fibrin, e.g., thromboplastin). |
|
| | |
| 114 | Continuous gas or vapor phase colloid system (e.g., fog
dispelling, dust or contrail suppressing): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the colloid system subject to breaking
(resolving) or inhibiting is a continuous gas or vapor phase, such
as, fog dispelling, dust suppressing, contrail suppressing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 113, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems other than foams (as provided for
in subclass 115+) or emulsions (as provided for in subclasses
135+), such as, with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous solid
phase (solid particle sols) or with a continuous solid phase (gels). |
| 115+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase
and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (foams). |
| 135+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase
and a discontinuous liquid phase (emulsions). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field
(e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.). Also see other entries
in this SEARCH CLASS. |
| 239, | Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
subclasses 2.1+ for processes including spraying or dispersing
and intended for weather control or modification including fog clearing
or making, snow making, rain making (i.e., either (a) to wet a surface
or (b) to precipitate moisture from the atmosphere). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
283.1+ for Class apparatus. |
| 454, | Ventilation, cross-reference art collection 901, for fog dispeller,
i.e., comprising means for eliminating or dispersing cloud-like,
condensed water vapor which is positioned close to a ground surface. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 216 for compositions facilitating sweeping uncarpeted
floors by reducing the amount of dust that becomes airborne. Although
various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting
agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion,
such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system
characteristic). |
|
| | |
| 115 | Continuous liquid phase colloid system and discontinuous
gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the colloid system subject to breaking
(resolving) or inhibiting is a continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous gas
or vapor phase (i.e., foam).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 113, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems other than smokes or fogs (as provided
for in subclass 114) or emulsions (as provided for in subclasses
135+), such as, with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous solid
phase (solid particle sols) or with a continuous solid phase (gels). |
| 114, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous gas or vapor
phase (fogs, smokes). |
| 135+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase
and a discontinuous liquid phase (emulsions). |
| 904, | for a collection of art which discloses foam breaking
or inhibiting subject matter in the context of fermentation technology. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 73, | Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 19.01+ for a process or an apparatus for determining the
nature or amount of gas in a substance other than gas. |
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field
(e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.), subclass 150 for contacting
fluid mixture with a liquid and including foaming of liquid to aid
in the separation, subclass 155 for contacting fluid mixture with
a liquid and including defoaming or antifoaming agent, subclass
157 for contacting fluid mixture with a liquid to degasify and including
defoaming, subclasses 241+ for processes of degasification of
a liquid (subclass 242 for defoaming and subclass 253 for emulsion breaking
or multiple liquid separating). |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclasses 170.1+ for apparatus for foam control in gas charged liquids. |
| 184, | Lubrication,
subclass 6.23 for devices which include means to destroy or remove
gas or vapor bubbles dispersed in the lubricant. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
subclass 9 for process including a step of surface treating
solid carbonaceous material to reduce or prevent agglomerating or
foaming or swelling during distillation. |
| 202, | Distillation: Apparatus,
subclass 264 for apparatus for breaking foam during distillation. |
| 203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclass 20 for processes under that Class definition including
defoaming or inhibiting foam. |
| 209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 163+ for methods and means wherein some material is
caused to adhere selectively (i.e., to some constituents and not
to others) which so lightens the material constituents to which
it is attached as to cause them to float on the liquid, while the
other constituents are not floated (e.g. bubbles are caused to attach
to some components of a material or mixture of solid materials and not
to others, the components to which the bubbles are attached being caused
thereby to float on the surface of the liquid). |
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 329 wherein a food foam is protected against deterioration,
or wherein a food is protected against undesirable foam formation
by contact with a change inhibiting chemical agent other than an
antioxygen agent. |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR 184 for method of using gentically engineered cells
other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 116 | The agent contains both organic and inorganic (except water)
materials (e.g., amine hydrophobized silica): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains both organic* and inorganic* (except
water) materials*, such as, amine hydrophobized silica.
| | (1)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are the inorganic* particles which
are treated or coated with an organic* compound, by reaction
or otherwise. |
| | (2)
Note. Indented subclasses have only been provided for organic* materials* containing
an organic* compound containing Silicon, hence compound
such as amine hydrophobized silica are proper for this subclass. |
| | (3)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
| | (4)
Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is
not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 117 | The agent contains organic compound containing silicon
(e.g., siloxane hydrophobized silica): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
silicon, such as, siloxane hydrophobized silica.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 118 | The compound is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC
nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains silicon is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC nH
2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly
to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 119 | The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely
as NH 4+ (e.g., organosilazane treated silica): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains silicon also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen
is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+,
such as, organosilazane treated silica.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 120 | The agent contains organosilane coated or treated solid
particle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains silicon is a solid particle which is coated or treated
with an organosilane compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 121 | The agent contains primarily aqueous continuous phase,
i.e., water carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains a primarily aqueous continuous phase, i.e.,
water carrier, in addition to the organic* compound which
contains silicon.
| | (1)
Note. "Primarily aqueous" means that 50% or more
of the continuous liquid phase is aqueous, by weight, volume, or molecule,
on a solids-free basis, i.e., not including any dissolved or suspended solids. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material and an organic* material. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 122 | The agent contains inorganic (except water) material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an inorganic* (except water) material*.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass provides for subject matter in which
the agent* doesn"t contain any organic* material*. |
| | (2)
Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is
not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 116+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams using an agent* which contains both
an organic* and an inorganic* material*. |
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 138, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which contains only inorganic* material*. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
|
| | |
| 123 | The agent contains organic compound containing silicon
(e.g., alkylpolysiloxane oil): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
silicon, such as, alkylpolysiloxane oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 144, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 124 | The compound is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC
nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains silicon is polysiloxane which contains repeating -(OC nH
2n)-, (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene, bonded directly
to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 123, | for similar subject matter wherein monoether derivatives
are used. |
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 144, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 125 | The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus
(e.g., lecithin): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
phosphorus, such as, lecithin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 145, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 126 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy* (e.g.,
organo-sulfone, -sulfate, -sulfonate): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy*, such as, organo-sulfone, -sulfate, -sulfonate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 146+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 127 | Nitrogen covalently bound to the sulfur of the sulfoxy*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
sulfoxy* in which nitrogen is covalently bonded to the
sulfur of the sulfoxy*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 148+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 128 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 161+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 129 | The compound contains oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen also contains oxygen.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 161+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 130 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
-C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the
hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 161+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 131 | The compound contains plural -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
plural (two or more) -C(=O)NHH group where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 161+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or
compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present
in a composition or material containing a preexisting material,
is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism
or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material
which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or
toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes
wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed
or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266
for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate,
or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for
processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection
FOR184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other than
hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
| 935, | Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA Technology,
Hybrid or Fused Cell Technology, and Related Manipulations of Nucleic
Acids,
subclasses 59+ for methods of using of genetically engineered
cells, e.g., oil spill cleanup which may involve emulsion or foam
making or breaking. |
|
| | |
| 132 | The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound which contains
oxygen.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 181+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 133 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g.,
natural (glyceride) oil): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
an organic* carboxylic acid ester, such as, natural (glyceride)
oil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 181+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 134 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)-, (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene,
bonded directly to each other).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material* which is only organic* or in
which the nature of the material* is indeterminable. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
a solid material*, in which the material* contains
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material*. |
| 181+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous,
aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions (using an
agent* which contains material* different from
the primary components of both liquid phases as required by hierarchically
superior subclass 139), and in which the agent* is other
than solid surface functioning (as provided for in subclasses 136+),
and is other than physically or chemically dissolving binding, or
destroying or at least part of one liquid phase (other than the colloid
system making or stabilizing agent*) (as provided for in
subclass 140), and in which the agent* doesn"t contain
both an inorganic* material* and an organic* material* (as
provided for in subclass 142). |
|
| | |
| 135 | Continuous liquid phase colloid system and discontinuous
liquid phase (e.g., breaking an emulsion): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the colloid system subject to breaking
(resolving) or inhibiting is a continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous liquid
phase, such as, an emulsion.
| | (1)
Note. Dilution performed only with a material* which
is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phases
in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid
system and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling
(as provided for below) and not combined with a step of centrifuging,
mechanical shocking, or specified agitating (as provided for below)
is proper for this subclass, there being no indented subclass providing
for this subject matter. Dilution combined with adding material*,
dissimilar from the primary component of either of the two liquid
phases, for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system
(such as using the diluent as a solvent/carrier for the
dissimilar agent*), is located with the agent* in
a hereinunder indented subclass; see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS
for some suggestions. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 113, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems other than smokes or fogs (as provided
for in subclass 114) or foams (as provided for in subclasses 115+),
such as, with a continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous solid
phase (solid particle sols) or with a continuous solid phase (gels). |
| 114, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous gas or vapor
phase (fogs, smokes). |
| 115+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase
and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (foams). |
| 136+, | for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*,
i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface,
such as, filter media, sharp edged particles. |
| 139+, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an added material* dissimilar from
the primary component of both liquid phases. |
| 194+, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and
without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary
component of both liquid phases. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 95, | Gas Separation: Processes,
subclasses 57+ for processes using electric or electrostatic field
(e.g., electrostatic precipitation, etc.), subclasses 241+ for
processes of degasification of a liquid (subclass 242 for defoaming
and subclass 253 for emulsion breaking or multiple liquid separating). |
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of
breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process
steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH
CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1 and in Class 507 Definition. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification
of liquids, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating
or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis (especially
subclasses 456+ for processes of gel electrophoresis, subclass
514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system (e.g., emulsion
breaking)), subclasses 554+ for processes (e.g., electrostatic
separation of a liquid) involving (a) electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of a liquid, or (b) magnetic
treatment, per se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired
or produced (especially subclasses 563+ for process which involves
breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended
constituents in a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid, subclass 573
for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating
or accreting suspended constituents in other than a predominantly
hydrocarbon liquid). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 39+ for processes of removing water from asphalts,
tars, pitches, or resins, subclasses 177+ for mere removal
of a colloid system stabilizing agent from a mineral oil for the
purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion or colloid system
containing the mineral oil (particularly subclasses 179+ for
processes of removing water from used mineral oils, subclasses 187+ for
the separation of water emulsified with the oil, subclass 263 for
removing undesirable organic acids or phenolic components from mineral
oils. Class 516 provides for breaking of emulsions of mineral oil
when not combined with some other treatment of the mineral oil,
i.e., Class 516 provides for effecting breaking or inhibiting by
merely adding an agent* for that purpose and permitting
or causing separation (e.g., by settling). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or compound,
which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present in a composition
or material containing a preexisting material, is contacted with an
enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism or plant or animal cells
to isolate or recover the preexisting material which is chemically unchanged
by the process and the hazardous or toxic waste is destroyed (especially
subclass 262.5 for processes wherein hazardous or toxic waste such
as oil spill is destroyed or converted into an environmentally safe
substance, subclass 266 for processes of using enzyme or microorganism
to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses
281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign
art collection FOR184 formethod of using genetically engineered
cells other than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, cross-reference art collection 921 for well treating
composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink
a polymer. |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 922 for flocculating,
clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
|
| | |
| 136 | Breaking (resolving) or inhibiting occurs on the surface
of a solid agent (e.g., adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence
surface, filter, sharp edged particles): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* occurs on the surface of a solid material*,
such as, solid adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence surface,
filter media, sharp edged particles, for example processes which
describe the phenomenon of coalescence occurring on the surface
of the solid agent.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are documents disclosing solids comprising
filter beds, screens, particulates (such as sand), adsorbents, and
absorbents, whether they are described as acting physically or chemically
(bonding), such as by differential wetting, hydrogen bonding, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing typical
apparatus such as vessel, container, pipe walls, agitator vanes,
etc., without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. |
| | (3)
Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing centrifuging,
mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, without a description
of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. Such processes typically
disclose coalescence among the dispersed phase droplets themselves. |
| | (4)
Note. Solid material* which is entirely organic* material* or
the nature of which is indeterminable is proper for placement in
this subclass since no indented subclass provides for that subject
matter. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 135, | for dilution performed only with a material* which
is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase
in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system,
and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling
(as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined
with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating
(as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented
subclass providing for this subject matter. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
| 194+, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and
without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary
component of both liquid phases. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 137 | The agent contains both organic and inorganic (except water)
material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter in which the solid material* contains
both organic* material* and inorganic* (except
water) material*.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are documents disclosing solids comprising
filter beds, screens, particulates (such as sand), adsorbents, and
absorbents, whether they are described as acting physically or chemically
(bonding), such as by differential wetting, hydrogen bonding, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing typical
apparatus such as vessel, container, pipe walls, agitator vanes,
etc., without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. |
| | (3)
Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing centrifuging,
mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, without a description
of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. Such processes typically
disclose coalescence among the dispersed phase droplets themselves. |
| | (4)
Note. An inorganic* material*, such as sand,
treated or coated with an organic* material*,
such as siloxane, satisfies the scope of this definition and is
proper for placement in this subclass. |
| | (5)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
| | (6)
Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is
not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 195, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling combined
with or simultaneous with centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified
agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 138 | The agent contains inorganic (except water) material (e.g.,
metal screen, CaCO 3, glass, clay, diatomaceous earth, sand, gravel, alum): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter in which the solid material* contains
inorganic* (except water) material* only, such
as, metal screen, CaCO 3, glass, clay, diatomaceous earth, sand,
gravel, alum.
| | (1)
Note. Included here are documents disclosing solids comprising
filter beds, screens, particulates (such as sand), adsorbents, and
absorbents, whether they are described as acting physically or chemically
(bonding), such as by differential wetting, hydrogen bonding, etc. |
| | (2)
Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing typical
apparatus such as vessel, container, pipe walls, agitator vanes,
etc., without a description of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. |
| | (3)
Note. Not included here are documents merely disclosing centrifuging,
mechanical shocking, or specified agitating, without a description
of coalescence upon the apparatus surfaces. Such processes typically
disclose coalescence among the dispersed phase droplets themselves. |
| | (4)
Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is
not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 195, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling combined
with or simultaneous with centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified
agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 139 | The agent contains material which is different from the
primary components of both liquid phases of the emulsion colloid
system (i.e., more than only diluting): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an active material* which is different
from the primary components of both liquid phases of the emulsion
colloid system (i.e., more than only diluting).
| | (1)
Note. The agent* may include material* which
is the same as the primary components of either or both of the liquid phases
of the emulsion, but it must further contain material* which
is dissimilar and which is active to effect the breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting (i.e., colloid system breaking or inhibiting agent*). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 135, | for dilution performed only with a material* which
is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase
in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system,
and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling
(as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined
with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating
(as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented
subclass providing for this subject matter. |
| 136+, | for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*,
i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface,
such as, filter media, sharp edged particles. |
| 194+, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and
without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary
component of both liquid phases. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collection 922 for flocculating,
clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
|
| | |
| 140 | The agent is liquid bath or liquid which acts to physically
or chemically dissolve, bind, or destroy at least part of one liquid
phase (except a colloid system making or stabilizing agent) (e.g.,
aqueous CaCl 2 for chemically binding water): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains liquid bath or liquid which acts to physically
or chemically dissolve, bind, or destroy at least part of one liquid
phase (except a colloid system making or stabilizing agent*),
such as, aqueous CaCl 2 for chemically binding water.
| | (1)
Note. Agents* which bind includes material* that
chemically hydrates (i.e., they bind water). |
| | (2)
Note. Subject matter of the class which encompasses agents* which
act solely on a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* is
excluded from this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 135, | for dilution performed only with a material* which
is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase
in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system,
and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling
(as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined
with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating
(as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented
subclass providing for this subject matter. |
| 136+, | for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*,
i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface,
such as, filter media, sharp edged particles. |
| 196, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling and
further combined with diluting with a principal component of one
of the phases, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 141 | Aqueous-petroleum, petroleum-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsion systems: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter in which the emulsion system is aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous.
| | (1)
Note. Subject matter relating to breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting of an emulsion which does not exist as an emulsion at
standard temperature and pressure, for example an emulsion of melted
wax in an aqueous continuous phase at an elevated temperature, is
proper for this and indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 113, | for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of solid
or semi-solid bituminous material* in suspensions, or of
gels, such as asphalt or paraffin wax. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of
breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process
steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH
CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 193+ for apparatus for electrical separation or purification
of liquids, subclasses 450+ for processes of separating
or purifying using electrophoresis or electro-osmosis (especially
subclass 514 for separation of hydrocarbon oil in an aqueous system
(e.g., emulsion breaking)), subclasses 554+ for processes (e.g.,
electrostatic separation of a liquid) involving (a) electrical
(including simultaneous electrical and magnetic) separation or purification
of a liquid, or (b) magnetic treatment, per se, when some effect
other than mere separation is desired or produced (especially subclasses
563+ for process which involves breaking emulsion or dispersion
by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents in a predominantly
hydrocarbon liquid, subclass 573 for process which involves breaking
emulsion or dispersion by agglomerating or accreting suspended constituents
in other than a predominantly hydrocarbon liquid). |
| 208, | Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclasses 39+ for processes of removing water from asphalts,
tars, pitches, or resins, subclasses 177+ for mere removal
of a colloid system stabilizing agent from a mineral oil for the
purpose of preventing formation of an emulsion or colloid system
containing the mineral oil (particularly subclasses 179+ for
processes of removing water from used mineral oils, subclasses 187+ for
the separation of water emulsified with the oil, subclass 263 for
removing undesirable organic acids or phenolic components from mineral
oils. Class 516 provides for breaking of emulsions of mineral oil
when not combined with some other treatment of the mineral oil,
i.e., Class 516 provides for effecting breaking or inhibiting by
merely adding an agent* for that purpose and permitting
or causing separation (e.g., by settling). |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes of resolving colloid systems which
include fermentation (especially 266 for processes of using enzyme
or microorganism to liberate, separate, or purify by treating gas, emulsion,
or foam, subclasses 281+ for processes of recovering petroleum or
shale oil which may involve breaking emulsions), subclasses 283.1+ for Class
apparatus. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry, cross-reference art collection 921 for well treating
composition intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink
a polymer. |
|
| | |
| 142 | The agent contains both organic and inorganic (except water)
material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains both organic* material* and
inorganic* (except water) materials*.
| | (1)
Note. "Inorganic* (except water)" means water is
not considered in the assessment of the composition of the inorganic* material*. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 116+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 137, | for similar subject matter in which the emulsion
breaking (resolving) or inhibiting agent* contains a solid material*,
e.g., solid adsorbent, absorbent, differential adherence surface, filter
media, sharp edged particles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of
breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process
steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH
CLASS references in Class 166 subclass 244.1. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 143 | The agent contains organic compound: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter in which the breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
agent* contains an organic* compound.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 115, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 136, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using solid material* which is
entirely organic* material* or the nature of it
is indeterminable, e.g., solid adsorbent, absorbent, differential
adherence surface, filter media, sharp edged particles. |
| 161+, | for subject matter wherein the agent comprises materials
which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources
that are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds
(i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such
as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 166, | Wells,
subclasses 244.1+ for processes of preventing emulsification or of
breaking emulsions in a well, which includes significantly claimed process
steps of well treating or well operation. See also the Notes and SEARCH
CLASS references in Class 166, subclass 244.1. |
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 144 | The compound contains silicon: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 123+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 145 | The compound contains phosphorus (e.g., sulfonated lecithin): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
phosphorus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 125, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 146 | The compound contains sulfoxy* (e.g., sulfonate
terpene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
sulfoxy*, such as, sulfonate terpene.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 147 | The compound contains polymer of substituted or unsubstituted
phenol and substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* also contains the polymeric or resinous
reaction product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted
or unsubstituted aldehyde.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. As set forth in the
section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class
252 definition, the subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically
superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses for aqueous
or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural
or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin
which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products
or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores,
channels, and subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic
resin. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with
specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or
process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special
use, application, or property (e.g., subclass 171 for composition
having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color or subclass 175
for liquid-solid drag reduction composition). |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material
so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion
therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil
emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection
903 for art collection disclosing aerosol compositions, cross-reference
art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions,
and cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating,
clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural rubber
latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for coagulating). |
|
| | |
| 149 | Nitrogen is a ring member (e.g., imidazoline salt of an
organosulfonic acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter in which the nitrogen of the organic* sulfoxy* containing
compound is a member of a ring structure, such as, imidazoline salt
of an organosulfonic acid.
| | (1)
Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding
must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such
as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to
each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes
of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 150 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH or -S(O 2)NHH
where substitution may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
-C(=O)NHH group or -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes amido and sulfonamido group
containing compounds, such as, imido, sulfonimido, urea, sulfonated
succinimide, condensation of ammonium, amine, or quaternary amine
with an organic* acid, its ester or anhydride, or acyl
halide. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 152 | The agent contains mineral-oil* sulfonic acid
(e.g., cyclohexylamine salt of mahogany* or green* acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter in which the salt contains mineral-oil* sulfonic
acid, such as, cyclohexylamine salt of mahogany* or green* acids.
| | (1)
Note. Mineral-oil* sulfonic acid results from mineral-oil* (see
glossary definition) which has been sulfonated, e.g., by sulfuric
acid. Mahogany* acid is the oil-soluble fraction of sulfonation
of petroleum* oil; green* acid is the oil-insoluble
fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil. |
| | (2)
Note. A substantially pure hydrocarbon is not a mineral-oil*,
hence the sulfonation product of such does not constitute an agent* for
breaking (resolving) or inhibiting for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 155 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof
(e.g., partial ester, mixed ester, product of Twitchell process): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing
organic* compound which contains a carboxylic acid ester
group also contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof, such as,
partial ester, mixed ester, products of Twitchell process.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
| | (2)
Note. Sulfonated glycerides are proper for this subclass
since natural glycerides are mixed esters (contain acid group and ester
group) and the sulfonation conditions typically do not alter these
moieties. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 156 | The compound contains ether group: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing
organic* compound which contains a carboxylic acid ester
group also contains an ether group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 157 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof
(e.g., sulfonated oleic acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing
organic* compound also contains -C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof, such as, sulfonated oleic acid.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 159 | The compound is mineral-oil* sulfonic acid (e.g.,
mahogany* or green* acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing
organic* compound is mineral-oil* sulfonic acid,
such as, mahogany* or green* acid(s).
| | (1)
Note. Mineral-oil* sulfonic acid results from mineral-oil* (see
glossary definition) which has been sulfonated, e.g., by sulfuric
acid. Mahogany* acid is the oil-soluble fraction of sulfonation
of petroleum* oil; green* acid is the oil-insoluble
fraction of sulfonation of petroleum* oil. |
| | (2)
Note. A substantially pure hydrocarbon is not a mineral-oil*,
hence the sulfonation product of such does not constitute an agent* for
breaking (resolving) or inhibiting for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 160, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of such colloid systems using an agent* containing
a compound containing a sulfonated substituted or unsubstituted
benzene ring. |
|
| | |
| 160 | The compound contains substituted or unsubstituted benzene
ring (e.g., sulfonated nonylphenol, ammonium salt of butylated naphthalene
sulfonic acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the sulfoxy* containing
organic* compound also contains substituted or unsubstituted
benzene ring, such as, sulfonated nonyl phenol, ammonium salt of butylated
naphthalene sulfonic acid.
| | (1)
Note. The agent* may be a mixture of sulfonated
benzene ring containing compounds. However, if the feedstock for sulfonation
was a mineral-oil* (see glossary definition) then the subject
matter is located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 126+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 159, | for subject matter wherein the agent* was
derived from sulfonation of mineral-oil* feedstock. |
|
| | |
| 161 | The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely
as NH 4+ (e.g., nitroso phenol): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+, such as, nitroso phenol.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain Nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 162 | The nitrogen is a ring member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the nitrogen in the organic* compound
is a member of a ring structure.
| | (1)
Note: In order to be considered a ring, nonionic bonding
must exist between all ring members. Inner salt compounds such
as betaines, sulfobetaines, etc., wherein two ring members are attached to
each other by ionic bonding, are not regarded as rings for purposes
of this subclass and its indent subclass. |
| | (2)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processses in which preexisting material or
compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present
in a composition or material containing a preexisting material,
is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism
or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material
which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or
toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes
wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed
or converted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266
for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate,
or purifty by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for
processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), foreign art collection
FOR184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other than
hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 163 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
also contains nitrogen as a member of a ring structure also contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 164 | The compound contains polymer of substituted or unsubstituted
phenol and substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen also contains the polymeric or resinous reaction
product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted
or unsubstituted aldehyde.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. As set forth in the
section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class
252 definition, the subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically
superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses for aqueous
or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural
or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin
which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products
or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores,
channels, and subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic
resin. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with
specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or
process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special
use, application, or property (e.g., subclass 171 for composition
having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color or subclass 175
for liquid-solid drag reduction composition). |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material
so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion
therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil
emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection
903 for art collection disclosing aerosol compositions, cross-reference
art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions,
and cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating,
clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
|
| | |
| 165 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product
of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted
aldehyde also contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 164, | See (1) Note concerning polymer art. |
|
| | |
| 166 | The nitrogen is present in the cation of a salt: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the nitrogen of the organic* compound
which contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction
product of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted
or unsubstituted aldehyde is present in the cation of a salt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 164, | see the SEARCH CLASS notes concerning polymer art. |
|
| | |
| 167 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product
of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted
aldehyde also contains carboxylic acid ester group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 164, | see the SEARCH CLASS notes concerning polymer art. |
|
| | |
| 168 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene) (e.g., alkoxylated phenol-aldehyde polymer): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and is the polymeric or resinous reaction product
of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted
aldehyde also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene), such as, alkoxylated phenol-aldehyde polymer.
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 164, | see the SEARCH CLASS notes concerning polymer art. |
|
| | |
| 173 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made
for the hydrogen also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 175 | The salt contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter in which the salt also contains repeating
-(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 177 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and carboxylic acid ester group also contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 178 | The ester group is derived from mono-basic acid reactant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and carboxylic acid ester group and repeating
-(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene) is further
characterized by the carboxylic acid ester being derived from mono-basic
acid reactant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 179 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains nitrogen also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 181 | The compound contains oxygen (e.g., cresylic acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the organic* compound contains
oxygen, such as, cresylic acid.
| | (1)
Note. Phenol-aldehyde resins, polymers, reaction products
and the like (e.g., phenol-formaldehyde resinous materials*) are
assumed to include a minor presence of ether linkages as well as
the alkylene and are so classified, unless the reference explicitly
teaches otherwise. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclass 708 for processes in which an emulsion is treated by
a chemical or physical agent to cause the discontinuous phase to
coalesce, and cross-reference art collections 922+ for
oil spill cleanup (e.g., cross-reference art collection 925 for
using chemical agent). |
|
| | |
| 183 | The compound contains polymer of substituted or unsubstituted
phenol and substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains the polymeric or resinous reaction product
of substituted or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted
aldehyde.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. As set forth in the
section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in Class
252 definition, the subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically
superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses for aqueous
or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural
or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same. |
| 521, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 28 for a mixture of a synthetic ion exchange resin
which may be in gel form, subclasses 50+ for cellular products
or processes of preparing a cellular product, e.g., foams, pores,
channels, and subclasses 53+ for the gel of a porous synthetic
resin. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 100 through 181for nonporous synthetic polymeric materials with
specified functions or uses and for intentional composition, or
process of preparing same, of specifically provided for special
use, application, or property (e.g., subclass 171 for composition
having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color or subclass 175
for liquid-solid drag reduction composition). |
| 524, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 457+ for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence
of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material
so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion
therewith, or product thereof, subclass 801 for process of preparing water-in-oil
emulsion or dispersion, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection
903 for art collection disclosing aerosol compositions, cross-reference
art collection 916 for art collection disclosing hydrogel compositions,
and cross-reference art collection 922 for art collection disclosing flocculating,
clarifying, or fining compositions. |
| 528, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series, cross-reference art collections 934+ for
subject matter relating to recovery and physical processing of natural
rubber latex (particularly cross-reference art collection 936 for
coagulating). |
|
| | |
| 184 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains the polymeric or resinous reaction product of substituted
or unsubstituted phenol with substituted or unsubstituted aldehyde
also contains carboxylic acid ester group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
| 183, | See (1) Note concerning polymer art. |
|
| | |
| 185 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group (e.g.,
lactone, natural (glyceride) oil, oxyalkylated blown fatty acid *): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains carboxylic acid ester group, such as, lactone,
natural (glyceride) oil, oxyalkylated blown fatty acid *.
| | (1)
Note. A step of oxyalkylating in the presence of carboxylic
acid is assumed to fully esterify any carboxy groups present and
hence is provided for in this subclass rather than indented below, unless
the reference explicitly teaches otherwise, such as by specifying
a stoichiometrically insufficient amount of reactants to fully esterify. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 186 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof
(e.g., partial ester, fractional ester, blown fatty acid *): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains carboxylic acid ester group also contains -C(=O)OH
group or salt thereof, such as, partial ester, fractional ester,
blown fatty acid *.
| | (1)
Note. -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
| | (2)
Note. Blown fatty acid * is oxidized fatty acids
which have increased saponification value and acid value, and therefor
are assumed to contain both acid and ester groups, which combination
of groups is provided for in this subclass and its indents. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 187 | The compound contains ether group: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains carboxylic acid ester group and contains -C(=O)OH
group or salt thereof also contains ether group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 188 | The compound is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*,
such as, monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
| | (1)
Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose
monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones,
having the formula C n(H 2O) n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding
cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the
carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function
of the saccharide. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 189 | The compound contains ether group: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains carboxylic acid ester group also contains ether group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 190 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof
(e.g., glyceride soap, naphthenic acid): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof,
such as, glyceride soap, naphthenic acid.
| | (1)
Note. -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 192 | The compound is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter in which the organic* compound which
contains oxygen is a carbohydrate* or carbohydrate-derivative*,
such as, monosaccharide or polysaccharide.
| | (1)
Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides whose
monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or polyhydroxy mono-ketones,
having the formula C n(H 2O) n, where n is five or six, or the corresponding
cyclic hemiacetals thereof. Carbohydrate-derivatives maintain the
carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or hemi-acetal function
of the saccharide. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 132+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of foams. |
|
| | |
| 194 | Breaking (resolving) or inhibiting by vaporizing, heating,
or cooling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
the emulsion colloid system is performed by vaporizing, heating,
or cooling.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 135, | for dilution performed only with a material* which
is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase
in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system,
and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling
(as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined
with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating
(as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented
subclass providing for this subject matter. |
| 136+, | for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*,
i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface,
such as, filter media, sharp edged particles. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
| 197, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using centrifuging, mechanical shocking,
or specified agitating, and without using an added material* dissimilar
from the primary component of both liquid phases. |
|
| | |
| 195 | With centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
the emulsion colloid system is performed by vaporizing, heating,
or cooling and is further combined with (or simultaneous with) a
step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating.
| | (1)
Note. Specified agitating means the operation or step of
agitating includes more than merely the use of the term agitating
or synonym thereof, such as, a stated RPM, high-shear , specified impeller
type, length of time. If the specific feature is not claimed, placement
is not mandatory. | |
| | |
| 197 | Breaking (resolving) or inhibiting by centrifuging, mechanical
shocking, or specified agitating: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter in which breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
the emulsion colloid system is performed by centrifuging, mechanical
shocking, or specified agitating.
| | (1)
Note. Specified agitating means the operation or step of
agitating includes more than merely the use of the term agitating
or synonym thereof, such as, a stated RPM, high-shear , specified impeller
type, length of time. If the specific feature is not claimed, placement
is not mandatory. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 135, | for dilution performed only with a material* which
is the same as the primary component of one of the two liquid phase
in order to effect breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of a colloid system,
and not combined with a step of vaporizing, heating, or cooling
(as provided for subclasses 194+, below) and not combined
with a step of centrifuging, mechanical shocking, or specified agitating
(as provided for in subclass 197, below), there being no indented
subclass providing for this subject matter. |
| 136+, | for subject matter in which the breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting agent* contains a solid surface functioning material*,
i.e., solid adsorbent, absorbent, or differential adherence surface,
such as, filter media, sharp edged particles. |
| 139+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using an agent* which contains
material* different from the primary components of both
liquid phases of the colloid system, other than as provided for
in subclasses 136+ (using an agent* which is solid surface
functioning), and other than as provided for in subclass 140 (physically
or chemically dissolving binding, or destroying or at least part
of one liquid phase (other than the colloid system making or stabilizing agent*));
particularly subclass 141 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
of aqueous-petroleum*, petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon,
or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions using an agent* which
contains a material* which is only inorganic*, and
subclass 142 for breaking (resolving) or inhibiting of aqueous-petroleum*,
petroleum*-aqueous, aqueous-hydrocarbon, or hydrocarbon-aqueous emulsions
using an agent* which contains a material* which
contains both organic* material* and inorganic* material*. |
| 194+, | for subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of emulsions using vaporizing, heating, or cooling, and
without using an added material* dissimilar from the primary
component of both liquid phases. |
|
| | |
| 198 | COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING A WETTING AGENT; PROCESSES OF WETTING;
PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., SPREADING, PENETRATING,
LEVELING): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is a (1) composition specialized and
designed for or peculiar to use in wetting surfaces, (2) mere methods
of using such compositions or of using compounds, per se, to perform
a process of wetting (3) compositions useful in making compositions
for wetting, or (4) methods of making the compositions; which includes
uses described by such terms as spreading, penetrating, or leveling.
| | (1)
Note. Agent* refers to the effective material*,
energy, or means which acts in the given context. The term agent
also includes subcombinations of an agent* composition,
such as adjuvants*. (Thus, the term agent* may
apply to a compound or composition which may not be fully functional
for its stated context, or its functionality may be greatly enhanced
by another component which is not present.) Note that although
a compound can be an agent*, this class does not provide
for compounds, per se. An agent* may be physical or energy. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, see the main class definition for the special use compositions
classified therein, which include those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for such use, including colloid
systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate
methods (such as surfactant compositions, per se): surfactants and
colloid systems useful in Class 8 processes and compositions include, but
are not limited to, wetting agents (e.g., with dyes), deaerating
agents, foam suppressants, foam carriers (e.g., for dyeing, finishing,
coating), see
subclasses 400 through 696for dyeing compositions including wetting agents. |
| 137, | Fluid Handling,
subclass 13 for processes in which flow of fluent material
is facilitated by the addition of material which affects the flow
characteristics of the fluent material (e.g., suspending agent,
viscosity reducing agent), or by the application of heat or other
forms of energy. |
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, digest 3 for wetting agent. |
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 699 for electrolytic erosion of a workpiece for shape
or surface change (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.) (process and
electrolyte composition) wherein the electrolyte is held into contact with
a portion of the workpiece surface by surface tension or capillary action. |
| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic
utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming
or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants
(i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including
detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or
dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art
recognized as such. |
| 429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process,
subclass 250 for apparatus having separator, retainer, spacer
or materials for use for producing an electrical current in combination
with a wetting agent or surfactant. |
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or
eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents,
subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which
are claimed as specifically intended for such use. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents, subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions
which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be wetting agents. Although various subclasses specifically
provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter
may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution
(i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known
to have documents related to wetting agents include:
subclass 364 for compositions for displacing organic liquid
film from a solid surface which may include a wetting agent, subclass
365 for compositions for removing greasy or oily contaminant from
a substrate which may include a wetting agent, subclasses subclass
514 for dishwasher rinse composition which may be a wetting agent. |
| 514, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, cross-reference art collection 946+ for
subject matter involving the increasing or enhancing of the rate
or amount of active ingredient absorbed into the treated subject (e.g.,
skin, digestive tract). |
| 520, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se,
or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which
is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter
of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516
for placement of ORs (original reference).
subclass 1 of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid
resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the
520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes,
or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods
of making or treating same. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 175 for liquid-solid drag reduction composition). |
|
| | |
| 200 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy*: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* contains
an organic* compound containing sulfoxy*.
| | (1)
Note. The term sulfoxy* means a radical containing
a sulfur-oxygen double bond. Examples of sulfoxy* containing
compounds include; sulfate, sulfonate, and sulfone compounds. | |
| | |
| 202 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* which
contains an organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also
contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). | |
| | |
| 203 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the wetting agent* contains
an organic* compound containing nitrogen, except for when
the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH
4+.
| | (1)
Note. Materials* used as agents* which are
impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed
to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e.,
the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose,
carbohydrate fractions, etc. | |
| | |
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
| 900 | LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIAL OF, OR FOR, COLLOID SYSTEM (E.G.,
G PHASE): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses subject matter relating
to liquid crystal materials* of or for colloid systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. See
subclasses 299.01+ for liquid crystal compositions. |
| 523, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 171 for nonporous synthetic polymeric compositions
having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated color. |
|
| | |
| 901 | SUBSTANTIALLY PURE CARBON (E.G., GRAPHITE, LAMP BLACK,
CARBON BLACK, FULLERENES): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses subject matter relating
to a colloid system comprising substantially pure carbon in one
of its various forms such as graphite, lamp black, carbon black,
fullerenes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 32, | for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid
phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is
primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily
elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended
in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase. |
| 38+, | for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions,
or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and
the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 44, | Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous
reductant,
subclasses 280+ for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium. |
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 20+ for compositions specially designed for use as
inks (e.g., marking, writing, printing, ink jet, crayon compositions),
subclasses 472+ for materials or ingredients specialized
for use as pigments, fillers, or aggregates in coating or plastic
compositions wherein the composition contains carbon in the elemental
form, e.g., carbon black, etc. |
| 201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate subclasses, for a process of making
coke. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclasses 15+ (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing
non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations,
subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions
of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be
disclosed as colloidal or not. |
| 252, | Compositions,
subclass 502 for compositions which either conduct or emit electrons
and which contain as an ingredient elemental carbon. |
| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
subclasses 445+ for products or processes of making same wherein
the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as,
diamond, fullerenes. |
| 502, | Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor:
Product or Process of Making,
subclasses 416+ , for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing;
the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition
comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a
sorbent for this class. |
| 508, | Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,
subclasses 113+ for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental
Carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This class is organized
based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition
or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems
or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed
based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture
having no colloid system characteristic. |
|
| | |
| 902 | GELLED EMULSION: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses subject matter relating
to a colloid system comprising a solid matrix colloid system (gel) formed
directly from an emulsion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| | |
| 903 | TWO OR MORE GELLANTS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses two or more gellants
(gel agents*) present in the composition or system. |
| | |
| 904 | FERMENTATION FOAM BREAKING OR INHIBITING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses foam breaking or inhibiting
subject matter in the context of fermentation technology.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 115+, | for similar subject matter related to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting of colloid systems with a continuous liquid phase
and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (foams). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 435, | Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 262+ for processes in which preexisting material or
compound, which may include a hazardous or toxic waste, present
in a composition or material containing a preexisting material,
is contacted with an enzyme or immobilized enzyme micro-organism
or plant or animal cells to isolate or recover the preexisting material
which is chemically unchanged by the process and the hazardous or
toxic waste is destroyed (especially subclass 262.5 for processes
wherein hazardous or toxic waste such as oil spill is destroyed
or coverted into an environmentally safe substance, subclass 266
for processes of using enzyme or microorganism to liberate, separate,
or purify by treating gas, emulsion, or foam, subclasses 281+ for
processes of recovering petroleum or shale oil), and foreign art
collection FOR 184 for method of using genetically engineered cells other
than hybrid or fused cells for oil spill cleanup. |
|
| | |
| 905 | AGENT COMPOSITION, PER SE, FOR COLLOID SYSTEM MAKING OR
STABILIZING (E.G., FOAMING, EMULSIFYING, DISPERSING, GELLING; FOR WETTING
AGENTS SEE 516/198+): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses a per se composition
containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g.,
foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition
containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and
dispersand*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for subject matter relating to colloid systems having
a continuous gas or vapor phase, such as smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud,
mist, aerosolizing. |
| 9+, | for subject matter relating to colloid systems based
on continuous liquid phase (e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions,
dispersions). |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 252, | Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere
in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods)
which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function,
but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class
516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class
252. Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems or wetting
agents include:
subclass 3 , 6.5, 8.05 for fire extinguishing foams, subclasses
610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion
or colloid system, subclasses 8.57, 8.61+, 8.81+,
and 8.91+ for various specialized compositions for leather,
fur, or textile treating, subclass 61 for froth flotation compositions
used in physical separation, subclasses 182.11+ for compositions containing
a single reactant or plural reactants specialized or designed for use
in subsequent reactions with other materials, but not with each
other (e.g., for producing foams), subclasses 186.1+ for
compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of
extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclasses 175+ for
compositions for treating water to soften or purify it, to precipitate
impurities in it, or to inhibit formation of scale or incrustation
in steam boilers or other water containers, subclass 194 for a composition which
is designed to remove or bind water which may be in the form of
a gel or which forms a gel, subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids
combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion, subclass 367.1
for soap containing compositions (these are alkali-metal (i.e.,
Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs) salts of unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted,
saturated or unsaturated, higher fatty acids, or of rosin (abietic) acids)
which are of general utility and lack any shape or structure to
adapt them for use as cleaning agents, subclasses 610+ for
fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid
system, subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in
the form of sol solution or gel. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which
may contain foam), subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions
which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions
which may contain foam), cross-reference art collection 922+ for
fracture fluids which may be gels. |
| 510, | Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed
cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from
solid surfaces which may be gel or paste. Although various subclasses
specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such
subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such
as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system
characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to the per se
surfactants used in colloid systems or wetting agents include:
subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for
chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 406 for
gas-propelled, subclass 417 for plural immiscible liquid phases (e.g.,
emulsion, oily and aqueous layers), subclass 418 for liquid and
solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), subclass 514 for dishwasher
rinse composition which may be a wetting agent, subclasses 535 for
surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized
for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components
(particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste). |
| 530, | Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems such as gel-like
proteins; Areas known to have documents related to colloid systems
or wetting agents include:
subclasses 200+ for natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds,
and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives (e.g., wood,
gum, and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals
from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila,
etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac;
cativo resin). |
|
| | |
| 906 | The agent contains organic compound containing silicon: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
organic* compound containing silicon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains silicon. |
| 13, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains silicon. |
| 23, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains silicon. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
silicon. |
| 38+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains silicon. |
| 55, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains silicon. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains silicon. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains silicon. |
|
| | |
| 907 | The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus
(e.g., lecithin): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
organic* compound containing phosphorus, such as, lecithin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus. |
| 13, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains phosphorus. |
| 24, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
phosphorus. |
| 40, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus. |
| 56+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains phosphorus. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus. |
|
| | |
| 908 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
907 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which
contains an organic* compound which contains phosphorus
also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 13, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 24, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 40, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 57, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains Phosphorus and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
|
| | |
| 909 | The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy*: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
organic* compound containing sulfoxy*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy*. |
| 14, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy*. |
| 25+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy*. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy*. |
| 41+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy*. |
| 58+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy*. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy*. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy*. |
|
| | |
| 910 | The compound contains nitrogen, except if present solely
as NH 4+: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
909 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which
contains organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains Nitrogen, except
for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium
group, NH 4+. |
| 14, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for
when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group,
NH 4+. |
| 26, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except
for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium
group, NH 4+. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen
is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 41+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except
for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium
group, NH 4+. |
| 59+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except for
when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group,
NH 4+. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except
for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium
group, NH 4+. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains nitrogen, except
for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium
group, NH 4+. |
|
| | |
| 911 | The compound contains -S(O 2)NHH where substitution may
be made for the hydrogen: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
910 in which the organic* compound contains -S(O 2)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for
the hydrogen. |
| 14, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the
hydrogen. |
| 26, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for
the hydrogen. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
-S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 41+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for
the hydrogen. |
| 59+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for the
hydrogen. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for
the hydrogen. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -S(O 2)NHH group where substitution may be made for
the hydrogen. |
|
| | |
| 912 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
910 in which the organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also
contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made
for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains
-C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for
the hydrogen. |
| 14, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 26, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH group where
substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 41+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 59+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)NHH
group where substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
|
| | |
| 913 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
909 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which
contains organic* compound containing sulfoxy* also contains
-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof. |
| 14, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof. |
| 25+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH
group or salt thereof. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group or salt
thereof. |
| 41+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH
group or salt thereof. |
| 58+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH
group or salt thereof. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains sulfoxy* and also contains -C(=O)OH group
or salt thereof. |
|
| | |
| 914 | The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen,
except if present solely as NH 4+: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
organic* compound which contains nitrogen, except for when
the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH
4+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 15+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely
as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 27, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the
cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 43+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 67+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present solely
as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen, except for when the Nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen, except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
|
| | |
| 915 | The compound contains -C(=O)NHH where substitution
may be made for the hydrogen: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
914 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
organic* compound which contains -C(=O)NHH group where
substitution may be made for the hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may
be made for the hydrogen. |
| 15+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made
for the hydrogen. |
| 27, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be
made for the hydrogen. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
-C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made for the
hydrogen. |
| 43+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)NHH group where
substitution may be made for the hydrogen. |
| 67+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be made
for the hydrogen. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may be
made for the hydrogen. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)NHH group where substitution may
be made for the hydrogen. |
|
| | |
| 916 | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
914 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which
contains organic* compound containing nitrogen also contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene),
except for when the nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium
group, NH 4+.
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the
nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 15+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 27, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the
nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 43+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the
nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 67+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the nitrogen is present
solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the
nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains nitrogen and also contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)-
(i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene), except for when the
nitrogen is present solely as the cationic ammonium group, NH 4+. |
|
| | |
| 917 | The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
905 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
organic* compound which contains oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains oxygen. |
| 18+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains oxygen. |
| 28+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains oxygen. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
oxygen. |
| 46+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains oxygen. |
| 72+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains oxygen. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains oxygen. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains oxygen. |
|
| | |
| 918 | The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
917 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
carboxylic acid ester group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 18+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 28+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 46+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 73+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains carboxylic acid ester group. |
|
| | |
| 919 | The compound contains -C(=O)OH or salt thereof: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
917 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof.
| | (1)
Note. "-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof" does NOT
include carboxylic acid esters (-C(=O)OR where R is an
organic* group). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 18+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 28+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
-C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 46+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 75+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains -C(=O)OH group or salt thereof. |
|
| | |
| 920. | The compound contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating
unsubstituted oxyalkylene): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
917 in which the colloid system making or stabilizing agent* contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene).
| | (1)
Note. "Repeating -(OC nH 2n)-" means 2 or more, bonded directly
to each other. Thus, this subclass requires at least two ether
linkages; monoether derivatives are located elsewhere. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 1+, | for colloid system having a continuous gas or vapor
phase (such as, smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene). |
| 18+, | for colloid system of continuous liquid phase and
a discontinuous gas or vapor phase (i.e., foam) or method of making
or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 28+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily inorganic* liquid
(e.g., water-in-oil emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene). |
| 31+, | for colloid system of primarily organic* continuous
liquid phase and a discontinuous phase primarily solid or semisolid
material* or method of making or stabilizing which employs as
an agent* an organic* compound which contains
repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 46+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily bituminous or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene). |
| 76, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily organic* liquid
(e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) or method of making or stabilizing
which employs as an agent* an organic* compound which
contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted oxyalkylene). |
| 77+, | for colloid system of aqueous continuous liquid
phase and a discontinuous phase primarily (non-bituminous) solid
(e.g., water based suspensions, dispersions, sols) or method of
making or stabilizing which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene). |
| 98+, | for subject matter relating to colloid system having
a continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (i.e., systems which
exhibit plasticity, elasticity, or rigidity), such as gel, paste,
gelled emulsion, floc. |
| 113+, | for subject matter relating to breaking (resolving)
or inhibiting a colloid system which employs as an agent* an organic* compound
which contains repeating -(OC nH 2n)- (i.e., repeating unsubstituted
oxyalkylene). |
|
| | |
| 921 | COLLOID SYSTEMS HAVING SPECIFIED HIGH PURITY (E.G., ULTRA-PURE SILICA): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses colloid systems having
specified high purity, such as, ultra-pure silica. |
| | |
| 922 | COLLOID SYSTEMS HAVING SPECIFIED PARTICLE SIZE, RANGE,
OR DISTRIBUTION (E.G., BIMODAL PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses colloid systems having
specified particle size, range, or distribution, such as, having
a bimodal particle distribution. |
| | |
| 923 | Emulsion: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
922 in which the colloid system is an emulsion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | for subject matter related to oil-in-oil emulsion. |
| 21+, | for subject matter related to water-in-oil emulsion. |
| 53+, | for subject matter related to oil-in-water emulsion. |
|
| | |
| 924 | SIGNIFICANT DISPERSIVE OR MANIPULATIVE OPERATION OR STEP
IN MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEM: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. A collection of art which discloses a significant dispersive
or manipulative operation or step in making or stabilizing a colloid
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid
into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes
agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for
apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device,
subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or
emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with
rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and
cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus
for stirring of paint. |
| 507, | Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclass 90 for compositions for addition to petroleum oils
during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging
of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating
out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants),
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may
contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions)
or wetting agents (especially subclass 102 for compositions which
may contain foam), subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions
which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions,
emulsions) or wetting agents (especially subclass 202 for compositions
which may contain foam), cross-reference art collection 922+ for
fracture fluids which may be gels. |
|
| | |
| 925 | Phase inversion: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
924 which discloses an operation or a step of phase inversion, such
as oil-in-water inverted to water-in-oil. |
| | |
| 926 | Phase change (e.g., melting): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
924 which discloses an operation or a step of phase change, such
as melting. |
| | |
| 927 | In situ formation of a colloid system making or stabilizing
agent which includes a chemical reaction: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
924 which discloses an operation or a step of an in situ formation
of colloid system making or stabilizing agent* which includes
a chemical reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 39, | for subject matter relating to colloid system containing
a colloid system making or stabilizing agent*, which is formed
in situ from at least one native precursor by adding inorganic* alkaline
material* to the colloid system or a precursor of it, such
as adding NaOH or TSP (trisodium phosphate) to a natively present
acid,. |
|
| | |
| 928 | Mixing combined with non-mixing operation or step, successively
or simultaneously (e.g., heating or cooling, pH change, ageing, milling): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
924 which discloses an operation or a step of mixing combined with
non-mixing operation or step, successively or simultaneously, such
as, heating, cooling, pH change, ageing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid
into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes
agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for
apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device,
subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or
emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with
rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and
cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus
for stirring of paint. |
| 522, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer
wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring,
agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed;
or compositions therefore, |
|
| | |
| 929 | Specified combination of agitation steps (e.g., mixing
to make subcombination composition followed by homogenization): |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
924 which discloses specified combination of agitation steps, such
as, mixing to make subcombination composition followed by homogenization.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid
into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes
agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for
apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device,
subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or
emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with
rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and
cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus
for stirring of paint. |
| 522, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer
wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring,
agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed;
or compositions therefore, |
|
| | |
| 930 | Low shear followed by high shear: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
929 which discloses a low shear step followed by a high shear step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid
into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes
agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for
apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device,
subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or
emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with
rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and
cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus
for stirring of paint. |
| 522, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer
wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring,
agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed;
or compositions therefore, |
|
| | |
| 931 | High shear followed by low shear: |
| | A collection of art under cross-reference art collection
929 which discloses a high shear step followed by low shear step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 366, | Agitating,
subclasses 69+ for apparatus which may be used for working liquid
into a gel, subclasses 101+ for apparatus which includes
agitation and injection of gas which may be a foam, subclasses 108+ for
apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device,
subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or
emulsions by agitation, subclasses 279+ for apparatus with
rotatable stirrer which may be used for making lather or foam, and
cross-reference art collection 604 for mixing apparatus for making
foam or lather, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus
for stirring of paint. |
| 522, | Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the
Class 520 Series,
subclass 3 for processes of forming or modifying a solid polymer
wherein wave energy is employed and wherein specified mixing, stirring,
agitating, movement of material or directional orientation is employed;
or compositions therefore. |
|
| | |
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions below correspond to abolished subclasses
from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art Collection
Schedule of this class for specific correspondences. [Note:
the titles and definitions for indented art collections include
all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically superior.] |
| FOR 100 | COLLOIDS AND POTENTAIL COLLOIDS; CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF MAKING
AND BREAKING: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
are colloid systems; processes of making or of resolving (breaking)
the same; gels, coagulates; potential dispersands (compositions
containing in each case a material adapted to be colloidally dispersed and
a substance for colloidally dispersing or stabilizing a colloidal
dispersion of the same); processes of using colloid systems; compositions
specialized and designed for use in, or peculiar to, such systems,
gels, coagulates, dispersands, or processes, including wetting agents,
substances for stabilizing, resolving, or inhibiting formation of
such systems, and for dispersing materials. |
| | |
| FOR 101 | Including separations or comminutions by colloid functions: |
| | Foreign art collections including (1) separating
two or more materials, which differ from each other either chemically
or merely physically, or (2) comminuting or preparing materials
in a finely-divided state, as final products substantially free
from colloid stabilizers therefor, by procedures which comprise
formations of resolutions of colloid systems or use of such systems
as agents, or (3) products made by such processes. |
| | |
| FOR 102 | Colloid (polyphase discontinuous dispersion) systems: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
or processes of making the same. |
| | |
| FOR 103 | Smokes, fogs, or gaseous primary dispersants: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the outermost continuous phase (outermost dispersion medium)
is a gas, or processes of making the same. |
| | |
| FOR 104 | Liquid primary dispersants: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the outermost continuous phase (outermost dispersion medium)
is a liquid, or processes of making the same. |
| | |
| FOR 105 | Foams or gaseous primary dispersands: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
which include a gas directly dispersed in the outermost (liquid)
phase, or processes of making the same. |
| | |
| FOR 106 | Organic major dispersants only: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the major part of the outermost continuous phase consists
of one or more organic compounds, or processes of making the same. |
| | |
| FOR 107 | Inorganic major dispersands only: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the major part of the solid or liquid matter, directly
dispersed in the outermost phase, consists of one or more chemical
elements or inorganic compounds. |
| | |
| FOR 108 | Water as major dispersant only: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the major part of the outermost continuous phase consists
of water, or processes of making the same. |
| | |
| FOR 109 | Organic major dispersands only: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the major part of the solid or liquid matter directly dispersed
in the outermost phase consists of one or more organic compounds. |
| | |
| FOR 110 | Bituminous dispersands: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
wherein the dispersands comprise a bituminous material which is
usually a solid or semi-solid hydrocarbon such as, for example,
asphalt, pitch, tar or paraffin wax. |
| | |
| FOR 111 | Oil or liquid dispersands: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the matter directly dispersed in the outermost phase is
an oil or is in a liquid state. |
| | |
| FOR 112 | Inorganic major dispersands only: |
| | Foreign art collections including colloid systems
in which the major part of the solid or liquid matter directly dispersed
in the outermost phase consists of one or more chemical elements
or inorganic compounds. |
| | |
| FOR 113 | Silica: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein silica is the chemical element or in the inorganic compound. |
| | |
| FOR 114 | Dispersive or manipulative operations: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include making colloid systems in which in each case the outermost
continuous phase is a liquid. |
| | |
| FOR 115 | Gels, coagulates, or dispersands: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
that includes a gel, coagulate or a potential dispersand, i.e.,
a composition which contains a material, adapted to be colloidally
dispersed, admixed with a substance either for colloidally dispersing
or stabilizing a colloidal dispersion or processes of making thereof. |
| | |
| FOR 116 | Organic: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein the composition contains organic material. |
| | |
| FOR 117 | Inorganic material coated, impregnated, or surface-modified
with organic material: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein inorganic material has been rendered organophilic by coating,
inpregnating or surface-modifying with organic material. |
| | |
| FOR 118 | Carbohydrate or derivative: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein the organic material is a carbohydrate or derivative thereof. |
| | |
| FOR 119 | Carboxylic acid ester, acid, or salt thereof: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein the organic material is a carboxylic acid ester, acid or
salt thereof. |
| | |
| FOR 120 | Metal silicate or clay: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein the composition contains a metal silicate or clay, e.g.,
bentonite, kaolin, etc. |
| | |
| FOR 121 | Silica: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein the composition contains silica. |
| | |
| FOR 122 | Alumina: |
| | Foreign art collections including subject matter
wherein the composition contains alumina. |
| | |
| FOR 123 | Potential dispersanats, or dispersands with colloidization
inhibitants: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
include material which, per se, is adapted to a colloidally disperse,
or be colloidally dispersed, or function as a colloid dispersion
medium, and a substance for preventing or inhibiting colloidal dispersal of
or in such material. |
| | |
| FOR 124 | Resolving colloids or inhibiting colloidization: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include breaking an emulsion; separating part or all of any colloidally
dispersed phase or colloid dispersion medium from part, or all,
of any other phase of a colloid system; destroying the colloidal
dispersion state of part or all of any colloidally dispersed phase;
inhibiting formation of an emulsion or other colloid system, or
inhibiting colloidal dispersal of matter. |
| | |
| FOR 125 | Liquid primary dispersants: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the colloid systems treated or formations thereof inhibited, include
in each case a colloid system in which the outermost continuous
phase (outermost dispersion medium) is a liquid. |
| | |
| FOR 126 | Foams or gaseous primary dispersands: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the substance directly dispersed in the outermost phase of the colloid
system treated, or formation thereof inhibited, is a gas. |
| | |
| FOR 127 | Adsorbent or solid surface functioning treating substances: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include bringing the materials to be treated into contact with solid
agents which function as adsorbents, solid physical absorbents,
differential adherence surfaces, or otherwise as loose particulate
solid matter functioning physically only. |
| | |
| FOR 128 | Organic and inorganic agents (except water): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the treating substance contains both an organic compound and a free
chemical element or an inorganic compound, other than water. |
| | |
| FOR 129 | Inorganic agents (except water): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the treating substances contain free chemical elements or inorganic
compounds, other than water. |
| | |
| FOR 130 | Organic agents: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the treating substances contain organic compounds. |
| | |
| FOR 131 | Added nongaseous dissimilar treating substances: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include adding solid or liquid treating substances other than the
principal components of the material treated. |
| | |
| FOR 132 | Added dissimilar solvents, bindants, or liquid baths: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include adding treating substances, other than mere carrier-solvents
for other treating agents, and other than the principal components
of the material treated in each case, which physically or chemically
dissolve, bind, or destroy, part or all of the colloidally dispersed
substances or colloid dispersion media, other than the stabilizing agents
or which are liquid baths. |
| | |
| FOR 133 | Resolving aqueous-petroleum or aqueous-hydrocarbon systems: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes under
subclass 326 in which the colloid systems treated, or formation
thereof inhibited, include colloidal dispersions of water in petroleum
or hydrocarbons or vice versa. |
| | |
| FOR 134 | Organic and inorganic agents (except water): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added treating substance includes both an organic compound and
a free chemical element or an inorganic compound other than water. |
| | |
| FOR 135 | Inorganic agents (except water): |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added treating substance includes a free chemical element or
inorganic compound other than water. |
| | |
| FOR 136 | Organic agents: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added treating substance includes an organic compound. |
| | |
| FOR 137 | Organic sulphoxy compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic compound which contains
a sulfo or sulfate radical or sulfur joined directly to oxygen. |
| | |
| FOR 138 | Petroleum-sulphoxy compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic compound produced by treating petroleum
or fraction thereof with sulfuric acid or other sulfonating agent. |
| | |
| FOR 139 | Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base
radical. |
| | |
| FOR 140 | Protein or carboxylic compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes a protein or an organic compound having
a carboxyl radical. |
| | |
| FOR 141 | Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base
radical. |
| | |
| FOR 142 | Carbocyclic or nonaliphatic sulphoxy or carboxylic compound: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
an added sulfoxy or carboxylic compound contains a carbon ring or
is not an aliphatic compound. |
| | |
| FOR 143 | Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base
radical. |
| | |
| FOR 144 | With non-sulphoxy non-carboxylic non-amine compounds: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic compound which does not
contain a sulfo or sulfate radical, sulfur joined directly to oxygen,
or a carboxyl, amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical. |
| | |
| FOR 145 | Protein or carboxylic compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes a protein or an organic compound having
a carboxyl radical. |
| | |
| FOR 146 | Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base
radical. |
| | |
| FOR 147 | Carbocyclic or non-aliphatic carboxylic compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
an added carboxylic compound contains a carbon ring or is not an
aliphatic compound. |
| | |
| FOR 148 | With non-carboxylic non-amine compounds: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added treating substance includes an organic compound which
does not contain a carboxylic, amine, amide, or nitrogen-base radical. |
| | |
| FOR 149 | Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added substance includes an organic amine, amide, or nitrogen-base
radical. |
| | |
| FOR 150 | With elements other than C, H, and O: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes in which
the added treating substance comprises an organic compound which
contains an element other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| | |
| FOR 151 | Vaporizing, heating, or cooling: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include vaporizing, heating, or cooling part, or all, of any phase. |
| | |
| FOR 152 | With mechanical treatment: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include mechanical treatment. |
| | |
| FOR 153 | With added component: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include addition, to the material being treated of one or more of
the principal components thereof. |
| | |
| FOR 154 | Mechanically: |
| | Foreign art collections including processes which
include filtering, centrifuging, mechanical shock or other mechanical
treatment. |
| | |
| FOR 155 | Gas-generating agent containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions for
use in producing foams which comprise in each case a foam-stabilizing
agent and a substance for use in generating a gas chemically or
otherwise. |
| | |
| FOR 156 | Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise wetting, emulsifying, foam-stabilizing or colloid dispersing
or stabilizing agents, or processes of making such compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 157 | Organic and inorganic agents containing (except water): |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise both an organic compound and a free chemical element or
an inorganic compound other than water, or processes of making such
compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 158 | Organic sulphoxy compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise organic compounds which contain a sulfo or sulfate radical
or sulfur joined directly to oxygen, or processes of making such
compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 159 | Protein or carboxylic compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise proteins or organic compounds which contain carboxyl radicals, or
processes of making such compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 160 | Organic amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise organic compounds which contain amine, amide or nitrogen-base
radicals, or processes of making such compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 161 | Protein or carboxylic compound containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise proteins or organic compounds which contain carboxyl radicals, or
processes of making such compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 162 | Organic, amine, amide, or N-base containing: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
comprise organic compounds which contain amine, amide, or nitrogen-base
radicals, or processes of making such compositions. |
| | |
| FOR 163 | Emulsification or liquid dispersant colloidization-inhibiting,
emulsion breaking or liquid dispersant colloids resolving agents: |
| | Foreign art collections including compositions which
are substances for use in breaking emulsions or resolving colloid
systems, or inhibiting formation of emulsions or other colloids,
in which the primary dispersants are liquids, or processes of making
such compositions. |
| | |
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CLASS 516,