![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 505]](../as.gif) CLASS 505, | SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY: APPARATUS, MATERIAL, PROCESS |
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
This is the generic class for subject matter involving (a) superconductor technology above 30 K and (b) Art collections involving superconductor technology. Apparatus, devices, materials, and processes involving such technology are included herein.
| (1) Note. Precursors of high temperature (Tcgreater than 30 K) superconducting material under the class definition or process of producing the same are placed in this class if proportionally constituted to provide the desired superconducting product upon decomposition, heating, deoxygenation, or oxidation. The following class(es)/subclass(es) in References to Other Classes, below, specifically provide for subject matter including superconductors functioning at temperatures of 30K and below. |
SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 29, | Metal Working, subclass 599 for process of mechanical manufacture of a superconductor. |
| 174, | Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 15.4 for cryogenic or superconductor apparatus with cooling or fluid feeding, subclass 15.5 for cable with cooling or fluid feeding, subclass 125.1 for superconductor conduit, cable or conductor structure. |
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 192.24 for forming a superconductor by coating, forming, or etching using a sputtering operation. |
| 257, | Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), subclasses 31 through 36for Josephson tunneling type superconductive devices (subclass 33 for high temperature type devices) and subclasses 661 through 663 for devices with superconductive contacts or leads. |
| 323, | Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 360 for superconductive transformer or inductor. |
| 324, | Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 248 for superconductive magnetic measuring device (i.e., magnetometer). |
| 327, | Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, subclass 186 for a miscellaneous superconducting stable state circuit, subclasses 366+ for miscellaneous superconducting gating circuits, and subclasses 527+ for miscellaneous superconducting circuits. |
| 331, | Oscillators, subclass 107 for superconductive solid state active element oscillator. |
| 333, | Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 99 for miscellaneous superconductive wave transmission line or network. |
| 335, | Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclass 216 for superconductive magnet or electromagnet. |
| 336, | Inductor Devices, Dig. 1 for superconductive inductor. |
| 338, | Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for superconductive resistance device responsive to magnetic field. |
| 361, | Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass 19 for superconductor protective circuit and subclass 141 for control circuit for electromagnetic device(s) including superconductivity. |
| 365, | Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 160 for superconductive static information storage device, subclass 161 for superconductive thin film-type static information storage device, and subclass 162 for superconductive Josephson junction type static information storage device. |
| 374, | Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 176 for temperature measurement by electric or magnetic heat sensor including sensor having hysteresis or cryogenic property (e.g., ferromagnetism, superconductivity, etc.). |
| 377, | Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 93 for a superconductive element with subject matter of the class. |
| 420, | Alloys or Metallic Compositions, art collection 901 for superconductive alloy or metallic composition. |
| 427, | Coating Processes, subclasses 62+ for process of coating to produce an electrical superconductor. |
| 428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, art collection 930 for superconductive stock material. |
SECTION III - GLOSSARY
JOSEPHSON EFFECT
The passage of paired electrons (Cooper pairs) through a weak connection (Josephson junction) between superconductors as in the tunnel passage of paired electrons through a thin dielectric layer separating two superconductors.
JOSEPHSON JUNCTION
A weak connection between superconductors through which the Josephson effect is realized.
SQUID
Superconducting QUantum Interference Device
SUPERCONDUCTING
The state of a superconductor in which it exhibits superconductivity.
SUPERCONDUCTIVE
of or pertaining to a material or device which is capable of exhibiting superconductivity.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
A property of a material that is characterized by zero electrical resistivity and, ideally, zero permeability.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 505 subclass 100]](../ps.gif) 100 | HIGH TEMPERATURE (Tc GREATER THAN 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIAL (I.E., ELEMENT, COMPOUND, OR COMPOSITION), PER SE: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. An element, compound, or composition having a critical temperature
Tc of greater than 30 K.
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| 110 | Having Tc greater than or equal to 150 K: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having a critical temperature Tc greater than or equal to 150 K. | |
| 120 | Thallium (Tl) containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having a thallium (Tl) constituent. | |
| 121 | Bismuth (Bi) containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having a bismuth (Bi) constituent. | |
| 122 | Organic polymer containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having a macromolecule composed of an indefinite number of organic monomer units. | |
| 123 | Halogen [i.e., fluorine (Fl), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), or astatine (At)] containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having a fluorine (Fl), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), or astatine (At) constituent. | |
| 124 | Free metal containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having a metal in the zero valent state as a constituent. | |
| 125 | Copper (Cu) and oxygen (O) containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Material having copper (Cu) and oxygen (O) as constituents. | |
| 126 | Containing three atoms of copper to between six and seven atoms of oxygen [e.g., YCu3O(7-d), LaCu3O(6+d),etc.]: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Material having a compound formula indicating three atoms of copper (Cu) to between six and seven atoms of oxygen (O) [i.e., YCu3O(7-d), LaCu3O(6+d), wherein d << 1]. | |
| 150 | HIGH TEMPERATURE (Tc GREATER THAN 30 K) DEVICES, SYSTEMS, APPARATUS, COMPONENTS, OR STOCK, OR PROCESSES OF USING: | ||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Articles having structure , such as devices, systems, apparatus,
components, or stock, containing an element or means capable of
operating as a superconductor at a critical temperature Tc of
greater than 30 K, or processes of using the same.
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| 160 | Measuring or testing system or device: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. System or device that is utilized for measuring or testing of mechanical, electrical, chemical, or physical properties. | |
| 161 | Bolometer: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 160. System or device that detects temperature or amount of radiation
by measuring changes in material (e.g., electrical properties, etc.)
caused by the amount of heat.
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| 162 | Magnetic field sensing system or device (e.g., SQUID, etc.): | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. System or device that utilizes superconductor sensitivity
of the quantum-mechanical phase to determine strengths of extremely
small magnetic fields.
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| 163 | Significant cryogenic refrigeration system having superconductor component as part of the system or having a superconductor device or material to be cooled present therewith (e.g., Peltier effect device, etc.): | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Significant refrigeration system or device containing a
superconductor element (a) that operates as part of the system,
such as for supplying electrical current or that participates directly
in the cooling through a thermoelectric effect; or (b) that is present
with the system as a device or material that is to be cooled; or
process of using (a) or (b).
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| 164 | Projectile or launching device or system: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. System or device utilizing force of a magnetic field to
propel an object with such force that the object continues moving
through inertia when removed from the influence of the magnetic
field or object, per se, capable of being propelled by such a device
or system.
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| 165 | System, device, or component utilizing suspension of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump, etc.): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. System, device, or component thereof having means for utilizing
a liquid suspension of particulate superconducting material.
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| 166 | Dynamoelectric machine (e.g., motor, generator, etc.), rotational system or device (e.g., clutch, rotor, bearing, etc.), or components thereof: | ||||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy or converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, system
or device that rotates during load-bearing operation or mechanically
communicates rotational force, or components thereof.
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| 170 | Information processing (e.g., logic circuits, computer, etc.), or information storage or retrieval system, device, or component (i.e., both dynamic and static): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. System, device, or component (i.e., both dynamic
and static) that is utilized in information or data processing, storage, or
retrieval.
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| 171 | Recording by magnetism, magnetic record carriers, or recording head arrangements: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Device or system that records data utilizing magnetism,
record carriers having thereon magnetic media utilized for storage
or retrieval of information, or read or write head arrangements
for magnetically recording.
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| 180 | Device producing stimulated emission (e.g., laser, maser, etc.): | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device that utilizes a superconducting component to excite
the oscillations of particles, or atoms or molecules between energy
levels for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation in the
ultraviolet, visible, infrared, or microwave region of the spectra.
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| 181 | Photoconductive, light transmissive, light emissive, or light responsive device or component: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device or component (a) that is capable of being energized
or modified by the application of light, (b) that permits light
to pass through it, or (c) that emits light in response to passage
of electrical current.
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| 182 | Device or arrangement the operation of which is modified by changing optical properties (e.g., reflectivity, transmission, etc.) of superconductive material: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Devices or arrangements that respond to variation in the
optical properties (e.g., reflectivity, transmission, etc.) of superconducting
material.
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| 183 | Having optical waveguide: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device containing an element or element, per se, that conveys
light from one point to another through an optically transparent
elongated structure (i.e., usually referred to as an optical fiber
or waveguide) by modulated transmissions, interreflectance, or reflectorization.
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| 190 | Josephson junction, per se (e.g., point contact, bridge, barrier junction, SIS, SNS, SSS, etc.), or Josephson junction with only terminals or connect: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device, per se, (a) consisting of a pair of superconductive
regions separated by a thin, less conductive portion or gap capable
of exhibiting electron or Cooper paired electron tunneling current
flow between superconducting regions referred to as a Josephson
junction, per se, or (b) Josephson junction combined with only terminals
or contacts.
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| 191 | Semiconductor thin film device or thin film electric solid-state device or system (i.e., active or passive): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device or system comprising an active or passive semiconductor
or thin film electric solid-state device, or processes of using
the same.
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| 192 | Capacitor or including capacitor: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Device that contains a capacitor or that is limited to a
passive solid-state thin film component used in electrical and electronic
circuits to store a charge of electricity, usually for very brief
periods of time, with the ability to rapidly charge and discharge.
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| 193 | Superconducting transistor (e.g., Josephson transistor, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Device or system that operates as a transistor having source,
drain, and gate that includes a high temperature superconducting
material as an integral portion of the transistor.
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| 200 | Electric discharge tube: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device having a closed usually glass container under vacuum
or containing a specific gas used for producing, influencing, or
using a flow of electrons or ions to generate light or other electromagnetic
radiation.
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| 201 | Antenna: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. A component that is the portion of a radio transmitter or
receiver station used for radiating or receiving radio waves to
or from space.
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| 202 | Electric communication system containing transmitter or receiver of pulse, digital, or electromagnetic radio, television, or radar wave form: | ||||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. System that communicates information by sending or receiving
through a transmission line or space (a) electrical pulse or digital
signal, or (b) radio, television, radar, electromagnetic wave signals,
or directional wave characteristics.
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| 203 | Electroacoustic transducer: | ||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device or system for converting (a) sound waves in the form
of traveling stresses in an elastic medium (e.g., air, etc.) into
an electric signal or (b) an electric signal into sound waves in
the form of traveling stresses in an elastic medium (e.g., air,
etc.).
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| 204 | Device or system with electronic circuitry for generation of oscillations: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device or system that contains a circuit having inductance
or capacitance and resistance arranged to produce a current that
periodically reverses.
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| 210 | High frequency waveguides, resonators, electrical networks, or other devices of the waveguide type (e.g., phase shifters, cavity filters, etc.): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Devices, systems, or components that are limited to high
frequency electrical transmission line or cable arrangements, resonators,
delay lines, and including devices having distributed inductance
and capacitance.
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| 211 | Electrical energy storage device (e.g., accumulator, etc.), inductor, transformer, magnetic switch, magnetic ring, sphere, coil, or magnetic arrangement: | ||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device for storing electrical energy (e.g., accumulator,
etc.), switching devices dependent on magnetism for operation, means
for inducing current into wires or electrical storage devices, or
magnetic ring or coil (i.e., which may include appended electrode,
lead, or nominal refrigeration means); or organizations of magnets.
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| 212 | Truncated hollow spherical or truncated cylindrical flux source bodies (e.g., magic hemisphere, magic half-ring, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Superconductor device, component, or stock in the form of an azimuthally circumscribed section of a nonoccupied or hollow partially cut-off sphere or ring (e.g., hemispherical, quarter-spherical, etc.). | |
| 213 | Noncoiled hollow magnetic arrangement: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Magnetic arrangement that has a nonoccupied hollow center in which a magnetic flux can be generated and that is not manufactured by coiling or forming coils of superconducting wires. | |
| 220 | Superconductor having metal connect, pad, connect structure, or patterned superconductor circuit, per se: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device, component, or structure having an attached metal
connect, pad, or connect structure intended to serve as a junction
for receiving electrical current from an external source or a patterned
interconnection of superconductor, per se, used for joining parts
of an electrical system.
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| 230 | Superconducting wire, tape, cable, or fiber, per se: | ||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Superconducting stock in the form of a continuous rod, elongated
flattened strip, multilayered elongated rod, or thread that may
be used to conduct electrical current.
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| 231 | Having plural superconducting wire or superconducting fiber component (e.g., multifilament wire, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Superconducting stock wherein there is more than one superconducting rod, tape, cable, or filament arranged together or encompassed by a protecting shield. | |
| 232 | Having nonsuperconducting core: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Wire, tape, cable, coil, or fiber wherein the center portion is made of nonsuperconducting material. | |
| 233 | Superconducting layer and organic or free carbon layer (i.e., adjacent or nonadjacent to superconductor): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock or component having a superconducting layer and also either an organic layer or a free carbon layer present. | |
| 234 | Superconductor next to superconductor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock or component having one superconducting material immediately adjacent to a second superconducting material layer and wherein at least one of the superconducting materials is high temperature superconducting material. | |
| 235 | Superconductor layer and one semiconducting or silicon (Si) layer: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock or component having one superconducting layer and also either a semiconductor layer or a silicon (Si) layer. | |
| 236 | Superconductor layer next to free metal containing layer: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock or component having one superconducting layer immediately
adjacent to a zero valent (i.e., free) metal containing layer.
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| 237 | Superconductor next to two or more nonsuperconductive layers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock or component having one superconducting layer immediately adjacent to two or more nonsuperconducting layers. | |
| 238 | Superconductor next to layer containing nonsuperconducting ceramic composition or inorganic compound (e.g., metal oxide, metal nitride, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock or component having one superconducting layer immediately
adjacent to a layer of nonsuperconducting composition made by firing
of earthy raw materials (e.g., as glass or clay, etc.) or any nonsuperconducting
chemical compound that does not contain carbon, with the exception
of carbon dioxide or carbonate ion (e.g., metal oxide, metal nitride,
etc.).
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| 239 | Substrate for supporting superconductor: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Stock that consists of plural layers onto which a superconducting
layer or preform is intended to be placed.
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| 300 | PROCESSES OF PRODUCING OR TREATING HIGH TEMPERATURE (TcGREATER THAN 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIAL OR SUPERCONDUCTOR CONTAINING PRODUCTS OR PRECURSORS THEREOF: | ||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes of producing or treating high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconductor material or superconductor containing products
or processes of producing or treating precursors thereof.
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| 310 | With measuring or testing of superconducting properties: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process that include among other operations a step of measuring or testing of superconducting characteristics. | |
| 320 | Producing lattice imperfection flux pinning sites or increasing critical current density through particle bombardment, electromagnetic wave energy, or using fissionable material: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein a lattice imperfection flux pinning site of the superconductor is produced or critical current density of the superconductor is increased as the result of exposure to particle bombardment, electromagnetic wave energy, or through the use of fissionable material. | |
| 325 | Utilizing particle (e.g., electron beam, ion, etc.) bombardment or electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., laser, etc.) treatment of selected regions to form conducting or insulating areas: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein treatment of selected regions by particle bombardment, or electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., laser, etc.) results in a patterning or differentiation of one area over another area by converting the area into superconducting material or by converting superconducting material into nonsuperconducting material. | |
| 329 | Producing Josephson junction, per se (e.g., point contact, bridge, barrier junction, SIS, SNS, SSS, etc.): | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process that is limited to the production of a Josephson
junction, per se (i.e., a connection consisting of a pair of superconductive
regions separated by a thin, less conductive portion or gap capable
of exhibiting electron or Cooper paired electron tunneling current
flow between superconducting regions).
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| 330 | Semiconductor device or thin film electric solid-state device manufacture: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein an active or passive semiconductor device
or thin film solid-state device is manufactured.
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| 400 | Using magnetic field (e.g., for aligning, texturizing, classifying, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein a magnetic field is utilized for any purpose
(e.g., aligning, texturizing, classifying, etc.).
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| 401 | Using sonic, ultrasonic, or vibrational energy (e.g., shock processing, vibration compacting, etc.): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein sonic, ultrasonic, or vibrational energy
is used to treat the superconductor material or superconductor product
for any purpose (e.g., shock processing, compacting, etc.).
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| 410 | With material removal by etching, laser ablation, or mechanical abrasion: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein material is removed from a substrate (a)
through chemical reaction, (b) by vaporization or decomposition
due to the application of a laser, or (c) by mechanically wearing
or grinding away a portion of preform to produce a pattern or shape.
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| 411 | Utilizing plasma etching or sputter etching: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Process wherein material is removed (a) by chemical action of ionized gases in an equilibrium of positive or negative ions or chemical action of ionized gases in a vacuum (i.e., cold plasma), or (b) through momentum transfer elimination caused by the collision of ionized gases with the substrate. | |
| 412 | Laser ablation: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Process where material is removed from a substrate by vaporization or decomposition brought about by the action of a laser. | |
| 413 | Utilizing mask (e.g., photoresist, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Process wherein a shield is utilized during the etching process to protect at least a portion of a substrate from etchant, usually in a patterning operation. | |
| 420 | With glass forming, working, or treating: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein there is a glass shaping, reshaping, or
heat treating operation to change the properties of glass.
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| 425 | Producing powder or short fiber (i.e., less than 15 cm) by spraying, dropping, or slinging of solution, suspension, or melt (e.g., spray-drying, atomizing, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein a liquid solution, suspension, or melt of
superconducting material is subjected to atomizing, dropping, extruding,
or disintegrating by centrifugal action to form by surface tension,
or drying into (a) particulate, or (b) short (i.e., less than 15
cm) fiber form.
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| 430 | Process of making wire, tape, cable, coil, or fiber: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein the superconducting product produced is
stock in the form of a rod, elongated flattened strip, multilayered
elongated rod, coil, or thread that may be used to conduct electrical
current.
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| 431 | Making multifilament: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Process that produces more than one superconducting rod, tape, cable, or filament arranged together or encompassed by a protecting shield. | |
| 432 | Isostatic pressing (e.g., HIP, hydrostatic pressing, etc.): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Process wherein the superconducting material, usually in
particulate form, is compacted uniformly in all directions by the
application of constant external fluid pressure to shape the superconducting
material into a dense form.
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| 433 | With metal deforming, metal wrapping, or metal coiling: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Process wherein there is a step of (a) reforming the shape
of metal while in the solid state, (b) bending a thin solid metal
foil to surround a preform, or (c) curling solid metal into a loop.
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| 434 | With coating: | ||||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Process that includes a step of (a) applying or obtaining
on a surface of a substrate a layer of differing composition, or
(b) permeating a porous substrate with a material of composition differing
from the original substrate.
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| 440 | Utilizing sol or gel: | ||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein (a) a liquid colloidal suspension, or (b)
a colloid in which the disperse phase has combined with the continuous
phase to produce a viscous, jellylike material, is utilized at any
stage.
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| 441 | With precipitating from solution: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process in which there is a step of settling small particles
out of a liquid suspension by gravity or centrifugal force.
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| 445 | Using an organometallic intermediate (e.g., ligand, chelate, clathrate, etc.): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process in which a compound of metal and an organic material
is the transitional precursor to the superconductor final product.
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| 446 | Including coating step: | ||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Process that includes a step of (a) applying or obtaining
on a surface of a substrate a layer of differing composition, or
(b) permeating a porous substrate with a material of composition differing
from the original substrate.
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| 447 | Vapor deposition: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Process wherein the coating is applied or obtained by absorption or condensation of a gaseous material on a substrate, or by reaction of a gaseous material with a substrate. | |
| 450 | With melting: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein there is a step of heating to cause a change
from solid to liquid state.
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| 451 | With zone melting, zone solidification, or seed pulling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process wherein a small localized area is subjected to melting and solidification before an adjacent zone becomes melted or wherein a single crystal seed is utilized to pull a solidifying single crystal mass from a melt (e.g., Czochralski, etc.). | |
| 452 | And coating or impregnating with melt: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Process wherein a melt is utilized in a step of (a) applying
or obtaining on a surface of a substrate a layer of differing composition,
or (b) permeating a porous substrate with a material of composition
differing from the original substrate.
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| 460 | Producing fullerene (i.e., C60) type superconductor or analog thereof: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein the superconducting material is a doped
or nondoped 60 carbon hollow, closed-caged molecule resembling a
Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome or a homologous series of hollow,
closed-caged molecules usually having 60 or more carbon atoms, referred to
as fullerenes.
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| 461 | Producing halogen [i.e., fluorine (Fl), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), astatine (At)] containing superconductor: | ||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein the superconducting material incorporates
halogen [i.e., fluorine (Fl), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br),
astatine (At)].
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| 470 | Coating: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process that includes a step of (a) applying or obtaining
on a surface of a substrate a layer of differing composition, or
(b) permeating a porous substrate with a material of composition differing
from the original substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| 471 | Printing (e.g., screen printing, etc.) or application with solid coating means: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Process wherein coating material is applied to a substrate
in a nonuniform desired pattern, or applied through the use of a
solid coating means that carries the coating material into contact
with the substrate with deposition thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 472 | Electrolytic or electrophoretic coating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Process involving the use of electrolysis wherein a chemical change is brought about by chemical reaction that produces a coating on a substrate or involving the use of an electrical current to cause migration and deposition of a charged particle upon a substrate (i.e., electrophoretic coating). | |
| 473 | Vapor deposition: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Process wherein a material in a gaseous state (e.g., vapor, mist, smoke, etc.) is utilized to form a coating upon a substrate by absorption, condensation, or reaction. | |
| 474 | Laser evaporative (i.e., ablative) coating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Process wherein a laser is directed to a target to form the vapor that is utilized to coat a substrate. | |
| 475 | Sputtering: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Process wherein a target is bombarded by ions in a vacuum to remove material from the target by momentum transfer and to deposit the material as a coating on a substrate. | |
| 476 | RF sputtering (e.g., 13.56 MHz, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Process wherein radio frequency electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., 13.65 MHz, etc.) is utilized to energize the sputtering operation. | |
| 477 | Using plasma: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Process wherein a gaseous vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma" is utilized while coating a substrate. | |
| 480 | Utilizing electromagnetic wave energy, ion, or plasma: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein electromagnetic energy, ion, or a gaseous
vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in nonequilibrium state
referred to as a "cold plasma" is utilized for
any purpose not provided hereinabove.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 481 | Including exothermic reaction or ignition of binder: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein heat is evolved as a result of a chemical reaction or wherein an organic containing binder for superconducting precursors or superconducting material is burned (i.e., oxidized) to remove the binder. | |
| 482 | Treating with high pressure oxygen: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein oxygen or an oxygen enriched gas is utilized
under higher than atmospheric pressure, usually during conversion
of superconductor precursor to the superconducting state.
| |||
| 483 | Utilizing fluid bed: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process in which a bed of particulate material is kept in gaseous suspension at any stage in the process. | |
| 490 | Shaping or consolidating (e.g., pelletizing, compacting, etc.): | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process wherein a superconducting body having a definite
form or configuration is produced from plastic or solid material
utilizing a molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
| 491 | Utilizing isostatic pressure (e.g., HIP, etc.) or specified pressure: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 490. Process wherein a constant high pressure is applied during the shaping or consolidating of the material or wherein there is a specified pressure utilized during the shaping or consolidating of the material being shaped. | |
| 492 | Bismuth (Bi) or thallium (Tl) containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 490. Process wherein the superconducting material contains a bismuth (Bi) or thallium (Tl) constituent. | |
| 500 | Heating, annealing, or sintering: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Process that includes a step of heating, annealing, or surface
melting of particulate material by positive application of heat
with uniting through contiguous surface phase and retention of some
particulate identity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
| 501 | Bismuth (Bi) or thallium (Tl) containing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process wherein the superconducting material contains a bismuth (Bi) or thallium (Tl) constituent. | |
| 510 | PRECURSOR OF HIGH TEMPERATURE (Tc GREATER THAN 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIAL OR STOCK, PER SE, OR PROCESS OF PRODUCING THE PRECURSOR: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Substances (i.e., if proportionally constituted to provide
the desired superconducting product upon decomposition, heating,
deoxygenation, or oxidation) that form high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconductor material , stock (e.g., target, etc.) containing
the same, or process of producing the same.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
| 511 | Target for coating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Precursor that will be eroded or vaporized to provide coating material for deposition. | |
| 512 | Organometallic (e.g., ligand, clathrate, oxalate, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter wherein the precursor is an organometallic or contains organometallic. | |
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
| 700 | HIGH Tc (ABOVE 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICE, ARTICLE, OR STRUCTURED STOCK: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection comprising an electrical or magnetic device, article or structured stock which incorporates superconducting material having a superconducting transition temperature greater than 30 K. | |
| 701 | Coated or thin film device (i.e., active or passive): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter which includes a coating or film of high temperature superconducting material as a layer on a substrate. | |
| 702 | Josephson junction present: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter having a Josephson junction (i.e., connection between two superconducting materials through which electrons tunnel). Examples include microbridges (i.e., narrow region of superconducting material between two larger regions of superconducting material) or a superconducting-dielectric-superconducting sandwich. | |
| 703 | Microelectronic device with superconducting conduction line: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter in which a superconducting layer or line is used to transmit current within a microelectronic device (e.g., interconnect in a printed circuit or semiconductor device). | |
| 704 | Wire, fiber, or cable: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter wherein the superconducting material forms at least part of a wire, fiber, or cable. | |
| 705 | Magnetic coil: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter wherein the wire or cable in the shape of a ring, spiral or helix acts or is capable of acting as an electromagnet. | |
| 706 | Contact pads or leads bonded to superconductor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter which include a pad or wire lead for coupling current to the superconducting material. | |
| 725 | PROCESS OF MAKING OR TREATING HIGH Tc (ABOVE 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTING SHAPED MATERIAL, ARTICLE, OR DEVICE: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection limited to the methods of making or treating superconducting shaped material, article or device. | |
| 726 | Measuring or testing of superconducting property: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process wherein the superconducting properties of the superconducting material is tested or measured. | |
| 727 | Using magnetic field: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process in which a magnetic field is used during forming
or treating of the superconducting material, article or device.
| |||
| 728 | Etching: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process involving the removal of superconducting material by any chemical or heating procedure that delineates a pattern or shape. | |
| 729 | Growing single crystal (e.g., epitaxy, bulk): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process in which a superconducting single crystal or single crystal film is formed (e.g., epitaxial growth, bulk solid-state growth, seed pulling). | |
| 730 | Vacuum treating or coating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process which utilizes a vacuum to treat or coat a substrate (e.g., plasma spraying, molecular beam epitaxy, ion implantation). | |
| 731 | Sputter coating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 730. Process in which ions from a plasma or ion beam erode a target material under vacuum to deposit a coating or film (e.g., Magnetron, D.C., A.C., reactive sputtering) on a substrate. | |
| 732 | Evaporative coating with superconducting material: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 730. Process wherein superconducting material is vaporized with heat to deposit a coating or film on a substrate. | |
| 733 | Rapid solidification (e.g., quenching, gas-atomizing, melt-spinning, roller-quenching): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process in which a molten or melted superconducting material
or superconducting precursor material is rapidly cooled or quenched.
| |||
| 734 | From organometallic precursors (e.g., acetylacetonates): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process in which an organometallic material (e.g., acetate, acetylactonate, neodecanoate) is an intermediate or starting material utilized in the production of the superconducting material. | |
| 735 | By sol-gel process: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Process in which a colloidal dispersion (i.e., sol) is produced
and a subsequent operation produces a gel from which superconducting material
is formed. The gellation stage usually involves a controlled hydrolysis
and polycondensation of alkoxide precursors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
| 736 | From free metal precursors: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process wherein at some stage in the recited process free metal was a precursor or starting material from which the superconducting material was produced. | |
| 737 | From inorganic salt precursors (e.g., nitrates): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process wherein at some stage in the process for making the superconductor material an inorganic metal salt (e.g., nitrates) served as an intermediate or starting material. | |
| 738 | By precipitating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 737. Process wherein a solid metal salt precipitate is caused to be formed from a solution of inorganic reactants and the inorganic salt thus precipitated is treated in subsequent operations to produce superconducting material. | |
| 739 | Molding, coating, shaping or casting of superconducting material: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process wherein the superconducting material or the superconducting precursor material is subjected to a molding, coating, shaping or casting operation. | |
| 740 | To form wire or fiber: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process wherein a wire or fiber is formed. | |
| 741 | Coating or casting onto a substrate (e.g., screen printing, tape casting): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Process in which (e.g., screen printing, tape casting) a substrate is coated or a layer or film is cast onto a substrate to shape the layer or film. | |
| 742 | Annealing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Process in which the superconducting material or superconducting precursor material is annealed or subjected to a post-melting, post-sintering, or post-condensation heating operation, usually in air or a controlled oxygen environment, to produce or perfect the superconducting composition or compound. | |
| 775 | HIGH Tc (ABOVE 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIAL: | ||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection containing a superconducting compound or
composition having a superconducting transition temperature greater
than 30 K or a precursor therefor.
| |||
| 776 | Containing transition metal oxide with rare earth or alkaline earth: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Material which contains as part of the compound or composition a transition metal and either a Rare Earth (i.e., Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, PM, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) or an Alkaline Earth (i.e., Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra). | |
| 777 | Lanthanum (La) - (e.g., La2Cu04): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 776. Material wherein the Rare Earth is Lanthanum (La) (e.g., La2Cu04). | |
| 778 | Alkaline earth (i.e., Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) - [e.g., La(2-x)Ba(x)Cu04]: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 777. Material wherein the material contains, in addition to the Lanthanum (La), an Alkaline Earth (i.e., Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba) or Radium (Ra). | |
| 779 | Other rare earth (i.e., Sc, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) and alkaline earth (i.e., Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 776. Material containing another Rare Earth i.e., Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Promethium (Pm), Samarium (Sm), Europium (Eu), Gadoinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb) and Lutetium (Lu) and Alkaline Earth i.e., Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba) or Radium (Ra) but not any Lanthanum (La). | |
| 780 | Yttrium (Y) and barium (Ba) - (e.g., YBa2Cu307): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 779. Material wherein the Rare Earth is Yttrium (Y) and the Alkaline Earth is Barium (Ba). | |
| 781 | Noble metal (i.e., Ag, Au, Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd) or chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) - [e.g., YBa2Cu(3-x)Fe(x)O(y)]: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 780. Material containing a noble metal i.e., Silver (Ag), Gold
(Au), Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir), Platinum (Pt), Ruthenium (Ru),
Rhodium (Rh) or Palladium (Pd) or one or more of the Iron Group
metals i.e., Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co)
or Nickel (Ni).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 782 | Bismuth (Bi) - (e.g., BiCaSrCuO): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 776. Material containing Bismuth (Bi). | |
| 783 | Thallium (Tl) - (Tl2CaBaCu308): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 776. Material that contains Thallium (Tl) - (e.g., Tl2CaBaCu308). | |
| 784 | Bismuth (Bi) - (e.g., BaKBiO): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Material that contains Bismuth (Bi) - (e.g., BaKBiO). | |
| 785 | Composition containing superconducting material and diverse nonsuperconducting material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Material containing superconducting material and diverse
nonsuperconducting material.
| |||
| 800 | MATERIAL, PER SE, FOR LOW TEMPERATURE (TC AT OR BELOW 30K) OR PROCESS OF MAKING SAME: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection including, (a) substance(s) used to make a superconductor (Tc at or below 30k), (b) process of making the substance(s), or (c) the combination of (a) and (b). | |
| 801 | Composition: (Classes 75, 252, 501): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Subject matter involving a mixture of plural substances. | |
| 802 | Organic: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter consisting of a mixture of carbon compounds or natural substances. | |
| 803 | Magnetic: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter wherein the composition exhibits magnetic properties. | |
| 804 | Amorphous alloy: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter involving a solid noncrystalline substance without geometrical shape in the form of an alloy. | |
| 805 | Alloy or metallic: (Class 420, 420/901): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter involving an alloy or metallic mixture. | |
| 806 | Niobium base (Nb): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 805. Subject matter composed at least 50 percent of Niobium (Nb). | |
| 807 | Powder: (Class 75): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter involving an aggregation of loose small solid particles. | |
| 808 | Liquid crystal: (Class 252): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter in the form of a liquid crystal. | |
| 809 | Ceramic: (Class 501): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 801. Subject matter in the form of ceramic matter. | |
| 810 | Compound: (Class 423): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Subject matter consisting of a substance whose molecules are made up of unlike atoms and whose constituents cannot be separated by physical means. | |
| 811 | Organic: (Classes 520 - 570): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 810. Subject matter consisting of a substance whose base is carbon atom(s). | |
| 812 | Stock: (Class 428/930): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Subject matter consisting of either a composition or a compound having recited structure sufficient to make it more than either a composition or compound, but said structure being insufficient to classify the same as either a product or apparatus under the rules of classification. | |
| 813 | Wire, tape, or film: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 812. Subject matter in the form of wire, tape, or film | |
| 814 | Treated metal: (Class 148/400+): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 812. Subject matter wherein the stock is a metal which has been treated to modify the characteristics thereof. | |
| 815 | Process of making, per se: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Subject matter limited to the method of making the same, per se. | |
| 816 | Sputtering, including coating, forming, or etching: (Class 204/192.24): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 815. Subject matter consisting of the process of sputtering which
may include coating, forming, or etching.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 817 | Forming Josephson element: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 816. Subject matter for making a Josephson junction element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 818 | Coating: (Classes 204, 427/62): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 815. Subject matter involving a coating operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 819 | Vapor deposition: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter involving coating with a vapor. | |
| 820 | And etching: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter involving removal of material from a substrate. | |
| 821 | Wire: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter wherein a wire is coated. | |
| 822 | Shaping: (Classes 148, 264): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 815. Subject matter involving a molding (i.e., shaping operation). | |
| 823 | Powder metallurgy: (Class 419): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 815. Subject matter involving the production of metal, or metal containing product, from powder(s) by a sintering or like operation. | |
| 824 | Battery, thermo or photo-electric: (Class 136): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 815. Subject matter involving the production of thermoelectric or photoelectric batteries. | |
| 825 | LOW TEMPERATURE (TC AT OR BELOW 30K) SUPERCONDUCTIVITY RELATED APPARATUS, PER SE, DEVICE, PER SE, OR PROCESS OF MAKING OR OPERATING SAME: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving, (a) apparatus, per se, or (b) low temperature (Tc at or below 30k) superconductor device, per se, or (c) a process of making or of operating either (a) or (b) or the combination thereof. | |
| 826 | Coating: (Class 118): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter for performing a coating operation. | |
| 827 | Code converter: (Class 340): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means for, (a) originating or emitting a coded set of discrete signals, or (b) translating one code into another code wherein the signal information content remains unchanged, though the format may differ. | |
| 828 | Modulator: (Class 332), demodulator, or detector: (Class 329): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means either, (a) to effect a process of modifying some characteristic of an electrical signal so that it varies in step with an instantaneous value of another signal to convey information, or (b) to operate on a modulated signal to recover the modulating signal. | |
| 829 | Electrical computer or data processing system: (Classes 700-714): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including electrical apparatus and corresponding methods for performing data processing operations in which there is a significant change in the data, or for performing calculation operations. | |
| 830 | Electrical pulse counter, pulse divider, or shift register: (Class 377): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including a circuit or device for (a) making a count of electrical pulses, (b) producing output pulses which are a fraction of the number of input pulses (i.e., pulse divider), or (c) serially transforming information stored in and through a storage medium (i.e., shift register). | |
| 831 | Static information storage system or device: (Class 365, 365/160): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including apparatus or a corresponding process for storage and retrieval of information which does not require relative motion between the storage element and the information source. | |
| 832 | Josephson junction type: (Class 365/162): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 831. Subject matter wherein the storage system includes an electrical
element, known as a Josephson junction -- a weak connection between
superconductors through which the passage of paired electrons (Cooper
pairs) is achieved -- which store information in the form of the
presence or absence of a persistent current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 833 | Thin film type: (Class 365/161): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 831. Subject matter wherein the storage system includes an electrical
element consisting of a thin film of conductive or insulative material deposited
on a supporting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 834 | Plural (e.g., memory matrix, etc.): (Class 365/161): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 833. Subject matter including two or more thin film storage elements. | |
| 835 | Content addressed (i.e., associative memory type): (Class 365/49, 161): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 834. Subject matter wherein storage locations within the storage system are identified by their contents rather than by addresses. | |
| 836 | Location addressed (i.e., word organized memory type): (Class 365/161): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 834. Subject matter wherein each storage location contains a group of characters, called a word, arranged such that each position, or group of positions, in the word contains specific information and is addressed by a character, or characters, which identifies the location of the word. | |
| 837 | Random access (i.e., bit organized memory type): (Class 365/161): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 834. Subject matter wherein the storage elements can be addressed in random sequence. | |
| 838 | Plural: (e.g., memory matrix, etc.): (Class 365/160): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 831. Subject matter including two or more static information storage systems or devices. | |
| 839 | Content addressed (i.e., associative memory type): (Class 365/160): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 838. Subject matter wherein storage locations within the storage system or device are identified by their contents rather than by addresses. | |
| 840 | Location addressed (i.e., word organized memory type): (Class 365/160): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 838. Subject matter wherein each storage location contains a group of characters, called a word, arranged such that each position, or group of positions, in the word contains specific information and is addressed by a character, or characters, which identifies the location of the word. | |
| 841 | Random access (i.e., bit organized memory type: (Class 365/160): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 838. Subject matter wherein the storage locations within the storage system or device can be addressed in random sequence. | |
| 842 | Measuring and testing: (Classes 73, 324, 356, and 374): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter comprising a method or apparatus for calibrating, inspecting, measuring, sampling, or testing. | |
| 843 | Electrical: (Class 324): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 842. Subject matter wherein the method or apparatus for calibrating, inspecting, measuring, sampling, or testing either, (a) detects an electrical property of matter, or (b) detects a nonelectrical property by using an electrical principle of operation. | |
| 844 | Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system or device: (Class 324): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 843. Subject matter wherein the energy interchange between precessing atomic particles and a surrounding variable magnetic field is measured at a preferred (resonant) frequency. | |
| 845 | Magnetometer: (Class 324/248): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 843. Subject matter wherein the electrical property of matter which is detected is the direction or intensity of a magnetic field. | |
| 846 | Using superconductive quantum interference device (i.e., SQUID): (Class 324/248): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Subject matter wherein the direction or intensity of a magnetic field is sensed by a device, known as a SQUID, comprised of a superconducting loop containing one or two weak links, known as Josephson junctions, which permit conduction through a thin dielectric layer by quantum mechanical tunneling. | |
| 847 | Thermal: (Class 374): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 842. Subject matter wherein the method or apparatus for calibrating, inspecting, measuring, sampling, or testing is designed to detect the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a body of matter. | |
| 848 | Radiant energy application: (Class 250): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means for using, generating, controlling, or detecting energy propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves or travelling subatomic, atomic, or molecular particles. | |
| 849 | Infrared responsive electric signaling: (Class 250/338+): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 848. Subject matter including means to generate an electrical signal in response to irradiation by electromagnetic waves in the infrared range (approximately 760 nanometers to one millimeter). | |
| 850 | Protective circuit: (Class 361/19): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means for electrically providing
for the safety and protection of an electrical system or device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 851 | Control circuit for electromagnetic device: (Class 361/141): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter comprising a circuit for the control of a relay or other electromagnetic device. | |
| 852 | Electric motor control: (Class 318): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein an electrical circuit or device, which controls the operation of an electric motor includes superconducting components. | |
| 853 | Oscillator: (Class 331): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means for initiating and maintaining an electrical signal or an electromagnetic wave having a strictly periodic repetitious frequency. | |
| 854 | With solid state active element: (Class 331/107): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 853. Subject matter wherein the electrical signal is generated
by a circuit composed of semiconductors such as solid state diodes
or transistors.
| |||
| 855 | Amplifier: (Class 330): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein a variable electrical current or voltage input signal is applied to a device (i.e., amplifier) which controls a source of electrical energy applied to the same device from which is derived an enhanced output signal having substantially the same wave-form as the input signal. | |
| 856 | Electrical transmission or interconnection system: (Class 307): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein circuitry for the transmission of electricity between or among various active electrical devices is provided and a portion of the circuitry, one or more of the devices, or any combination thereof, is operated in a state of superconductivity. | |
| 857 | Nonlinear solid state device system or circuit: (Class 307/200+): | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Subject matter whose specific function is not provided for
elsewhere comprising circuits or devices which include solid state
devices or components through which charge carriers are conducted,
the current versus voltage characteristic of such device or component
being nonlinear.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
| 858 | Digital logic: (Class 307/476): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 857. Subject matter wherein nonarithmetical operations (e.g., selecting, sorting, matching, comparing, etc.) are performed using digital (i.e., discontinuous or discrete) electrical signal information. | |
| 859 | Function of AND, OR, NAND, NOR or NOT: (Class 307/462): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 858. Subject matter wherein the digital operations performed are limited to those defined by the Boolean operations of AND, OR, NAND, NOR or NOT. | |
| 860 | Gating (i.e., switching) circuit: (Class 307/245): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 857. Subject matter including means whereby one signal (a controlling signal) is used to control another signal (a controlled signal) by permitting, or preventing, the transmission of the controlled signal along a given path of the circuit. | |
| 861 | With josephson junction: (Class 307/245): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 860. Subject matter wherein the means of control is a device,
known as a Josephson junction, which permits conduction through
a thin dielectric layer by quantum mechanical tunneling.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
| 862 | With thin film device: (Class 307/245): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 860. Subject matter wherein the means of control includes an
electrical element consisting of a thin film of conductive or insulative
material deposited on a supporting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
| 863 | Stable state circuit for signal shaping, converting, or generating: (Class 307/277): | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 857. Subject matter including circuit means capable of at least
one or more distinct current conductive stable states for, (a) producing
an output signal having a particular waveform; or (b) modifying
either, (1) a constant (DC) input, or (2) the waveform of a time
varying (AC) input signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 864 | With Josephson junction: (Class 307/277): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter wherein the waveform modifying circuit or
device includes a device, known as a Josephson junction, which permits
conduction through a thin dielectric layer by quantum mechanical
tunneling.
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| 865 | With Josephson junction: (Class 307/306): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 857. Subject matter wherein at least one of the active circuit
elements or devices includes a device, known as a Josephson junction,
which permits conduction through a thin dielectric layer by quantum
mechanical tunneling.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 866 | Wave transmission line, network, waveguide, or microwave storage device (Class 333/99): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including systems or devices which transmit, guide, or store electromagnetic energy. | |
| 867 | Electric power conversion system: (Class 363): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means to perform a sequence or combination of at least two of the operations of, (a) current conversion, (b) phase conversion, or (c) frequency conversion. | |
| 868 | Current conversion: (Class 363/14): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 867. Subject matter wherein a conversion system includes means to change alternating current into direct current, or vice versa. | |
| 869 | Power supply, regulation, or energy storage system: (Class 323): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein an electrical source is coupled to an electrical load circuit and means are provided to store electromagnetic energy or to supply or control either, (a) the magnitude of the voltage or the current in the load circuit, or (b) the phase angle between the voltage and the current in the load circuit. | |
| 870 | Including transformer or inductor: (Class 323/360): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 869. Subject matter wherein the load circuit is supplied with electricity by a transformer, an inductor, or a combination of the two. | |
| 871 | Magnetic lens: (Class 250/396): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means to deflect, scan, spread, or focus a beam of electrically charged particles. | |
| 872 | Magnetic field shield: (Class 307/91): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including means to contain or otherwise limit
the spatial distribution of a magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 873 | Active solid state device: (Class 257): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein a superconductive material forms
a part of a solid state device such as a transistor or diode.
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| 874 | With Josephson junction (e.g., SQUID, etc.): (Class 257): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 873. Subject matter including a device, known as a Josephson
junction, which permits conduction by quantum mechanical tunneling
through a thin dielectric layer situated between two superconductors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 875 | Combined with housing and cryogenic fluid cooling: (Class 257): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 873. Subject matter including, (a) fluid means to cool the device
to the critical temperature for superconductivity, and (b) means
to house the device.
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| 876 | Electrical generator or motor structure: (Class 310): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein one or more structural members of an electric motor or generator exhibit superconductivity during operation of the motor or generator. | |
| 877 | Rotary dynamoelectric type: (Class 310/40+): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 876. Subject matter wherein the motor or generator includes a working member which rotates about an axis under the influence of electromagnetic forces. | |
| 878 | With cooling: (Class 310/52+): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 877. Subject matter wherein means are provided for cooling one
or more structural members of the motor or generator in order to
establish a state of superconductivity within the member(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 879 | Magnet or electromagnet: (Class 335/216): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter comprising, (a) structure of permanent magnets, electromagnets, or a combination of the two types, or (b) magnets or electromagnets adapted for use as a source of magnetic flux for performing mechanical work. | |
| 880 | Inductor: (Class 336/DIG 1): | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter comprising one or more coils, with or without
a permeable core, whose sole purpose is to introduce inductance
into an electrical circuit.
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| 881 | Resistance device responsive to magnetic field: (Class 338/32): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter wherein a superconductive material forms a part of a resistor whose electrical resistance can be changed in proportion to the strength of an applied magnetic field. | |
| 882 | Circuit maker and breaker: (Class 200): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including devices of general application which are used for closing or opening electrical circuits and the combination of such devices with their operating means. | |
| 883 | Housing and mounting assembly with plural diverse electrical components: (Class 361/331+): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter comprising structures for enclosing or supporting
plural diverse electrical components.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 884 | Conductor: (Class 174): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter comprising details of the structure of superconductors
or of apparatus for mounting, supporting, or housing superconductors,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
| 885 | Cooling, or feeding, circulating, or distributing fluid; in superconductive apparatus: (Class 174/15): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 884. Subject matter including means for bringing a cooling fluid
into thermal contact with a superconductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| 886 | Cable: (Class 174/15): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 885. Subject matter wherein the superconductor is in the form of a cable. | |
| 887 | Conductor structure: (Classes 174/126 and 128): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 884. Subject matter including details of the structure of superconductors other than the structure providing for cooling or fluid feeding. | |
| 888 | Refrigeration: (Class 62): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including (a) process or apparatus peculiar to removing heat from a substance; (b) the resultant product of part a; or (c) process or apparatus peculiar to handling the latter as a stored product. | |
| 889 | Utilizing rare earth material: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter wherein a material containing the chemical element Yttrium with atomic *number 39 or any of the group of chemical elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71 inclusive is used to remove heat. | |
| 890 | Heat pipe device: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes an intermediate fluent heat exchanger for removing thermal energy, which intermediate heat exchanger employs solid or particulate material. | |
| 891 | Magnetic or electrical effect cooling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter wherein electromagnetic force is used to directly remove heat. | |
| 892 | Magnetic device cooling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter wherein the substance having heat removed therefrom is itself an electromagnetic apparatus. | |
| 893 | Spectrometer: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 892. Subject matter wherein the electromagnetic apparatus being cooled is a spectroscope. | |
| 894 | Cyclic cryogenic system (e.g., Sterling, Gifford-McMahon, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter wherein the heat is removed by means of a generally closed repeating sequence of operations. | |
| 895 | With regenerative heat exchanger: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 894. Subject matter which includes an intermediate fluent means for trans ferring thermal energy. | |
| 896 | Special refrigerant compound: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter wherein a particular unusual material consisting of atoms or ions of two or more different chemical elements in definite proportions and generally having properties unlike its constituent chemical elements is utilized for removing heat. | |
| 897 | Cryogenic media transfer: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter specially adapted for handling and moving very low temperature material used for removing heat. | |
| 898 | Cryogenic envelope: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter including structure or housing for preserving or maintaining a very low temperature. | |
| 899 | Method of cooling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Subject matter including processes specially adapted for (a) removing heat from a substance; (b) maintaining a very low temperature environment; or (c) preserving such an environment. | |
| 900 | Heat exchange: (Class 165): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including a process or device specially adapted for transferring thermal energy from one material to another material or the environment. | |
| 901 | Heat pipe: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Subject matter wherein an intermediate fluent heat exchanger removes or transfers thermal energy, which intermediate heat exchanger employs solid or particulate material. | |
| 902 | Railway (e.g., rapid transit, etc.): (Class 104): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including (a) railroad rolling stock and track, each of which is modified for interrelation and cooperation with each other; (b) amusement or rapid transit railroad type apparatus; (c) process, fixture, or appliance specially adapted for use with a or b; and (d) any miscellaneous feature relating to a or b not elsewhere classified. | |
| 903 | Suspension (e.g., magnetic, electrodynamic, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter wherein the railway system vehicle is adapted to travel along a guideway while held above the guideway by means of electromagnetic or other dynamic force. | |
| 904 | Guidance means (i.e., in addition to the track): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter for structure or means, other than the track, which structure or means is especially adapted for regulating or directing the course of the railway vehicle. | |
| 905 | Motor structure: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter including particular propulsion means for causing or producing motion. | |
| 906 | Switching device (i.e., electrical not railway stock diverting): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter including means or structure for making and breaking an electrical circuit or to divert electrical current from one conductor to another. | |
| 907 | Support structure: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter for a fixture, appliance, or feature which carries the weight of an article or otherwise holds or steadies an article against the pull of gravity. | |
| 908 | Method of operation: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter including a process of directing, causing, or allowing a railway system or an essential part thereof to function. | |
| 909 | Power plant: (Class 60): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter involving the driving of a load by means of conversion of heat, pressure, radiant, gravitational, or other energy source into mechanical motion. | |
| 910 | Pump: (Class 417): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including process or apparatus especially adapted for moving a slurry, fluent material, or the like, if moved in a manner not inconsistent with the handling of fluid, from one place or location to another place or location different from whence it came. | |
| 911 | Fluid reaction surface (i.e., impeller): (Class 416): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including a working structure which interacts with a working fluid so as to cause reactive movement of the working structure or, alternatively, reactive movement of the working fluid. | |
| 912 | Metal founding: (Class 164): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including process or apparatus (a) for shaping fluid metallic material; (b) for shaping of fluent material to produce a mold to carry out a; (c) for shaping a fluent material to produce a form or pattern to be used in b: (d) for treating, mixing, or mechanically working a metallic material while molding or while the metallic material is in a mold; or (e) not elsewhere provided for to perfect or effect a or b. | |
| 913 | Casting process: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 912. Subject matter including a process of shaping fluent metallic material against a forming surface. | |
| 914 | Using magnetic or electric field: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 913. Subject matter wherein an energy quantity such as an electromagnetic wave or an electric field is applied directly to the work material. | |
| 915 | Making composite product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 913. Subject matter including a process of producing a multilayered article having at least two distinct zones of metal of the same or different materials. | |
| 916 | Continuous casting: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 913. Subject matter wherein a portion of a cast product is removed from a forming mold or surface as a further contiguous portion is cast. | |
| 917 | Mechanically manufacturing superconductor: (Classes 29, 72, and 228): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter for mechanically manufacturing a superconductor including (a) process or apparatus for metal working, shaping, or deforming; (b) process or apparatus for metal fusion bonding, by means other than electric heating, two juxtaposed or engaging form-sustaining work parts or (c) combined diverse process or apparatus of a and b; or (d) combined diverse mechanical manufacturing process or apparatus not elsewhere classified. | |
| 918 | With metallurgical heat treating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter including thermal treatment, other than a simple anneal or stress relief, to effect a permanent chemical or physical change in the properties of a metal workpiece. | |
| 919 | Reactive formation of superconducting intermetallic compound: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 918. Subject matter wherein the heat treating creates a superconducting layer or portion thereof by means of a chemical reaction involving two or more metallic constituents, at least one of which is generally supplied by diffusion. | |
| 920 | Utilizing diffusion barrier: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 919. Subject matter wherein the actual transport, i.e., diffusion, of discrete atoms through the lattice of the workpiece is directly regulated generally to minimize undesired side reactions produced by the heat treating. | |
| 921 | Metal working prior to treating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 919. Subject matter wherein metal deforming or shaping is done before the heat treating creates the superconducting intermetallic compound. | |
| 922 | Making Josephson junction device: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter for manufacturing a device or article having the Josephson effect, i.e., the tunneling of electron pairs through a thin insulating barrier between two superconducting materials. | |
| 923 | Making device having semiconductive component (e.g., integrated circuit, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter for manufacturing a device or article which includes a solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and that of an insulator, ranging from about 105 mhos to 10 - 7 mhos per meter, and is generally strongly temperature dependent. | |
| 924 | Making superconductive magnet or coil: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter for manufacturing (a) a spiral or helical arrangement of superconducting material or (b) an electromagnet whose winding is made of a superconductor. | |
| 925 | Making superconductive joint: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter for manufacturing a superconducting device or article having a junction of two superconductors or other superconducting paths for current, which junction, per se, is superconducting. | |
| 926 | Mechanically joining superconductive members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter for manufacturing a superconducting device or article having a junction of two superconductors, which junction is an assembly or uses a separate fastener part. | |
| 927 | Metallurgically bonding superconductive members: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter for manufacturing a superconducting device or article having a junction of two superconductors, which junction is effected by metal fusion welding. | |
| 928 | Metal deforming: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Subject matter including a metal working or shaping step. | |
| 929 | By extruding: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 928. Subject matter wherein the metal deforming includes forcing the metal work through an orifice of a die to produce a continuously formed product. | |
| 930 | By drawing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 928. Subject matter wherein the metal deforming includes pulling the metal work through a die to reduce the work"s cross section. | |
| 931 | Classifying, separating, and assorting solids using magnetism: (Class 209): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Subject matter including method or apparatus, which sets apart, distributes into groups of like kind, or segregates solid materials by means of electromagnetic force, which causes the solid material to be separated according to the degree of responsivity to such force. | |
| 932 | Separating diverse particulates: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 931. Subject matter for separating different types of unlike particles or very small pieces. | |
| 933 | In liquid slurry: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 932. Subject matter wherein the diverse particulates to be separated are supplied in free-flowing pumpable suspension in a liquid. | |
| 950 | MANUFACTURING SYSTEM OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING HIGH TEMPERATURE (I.E., Tc GREATER THAN 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTOR PRODUCT, DEVICE, ARTICLE, OR STOCK (I.E., WHICH SYSTEM OR APPARATUS DOESNOT ITSELF CONTAIN A SUPERCONDUCTING COMPONENT): |
| Cross-reference art collection of systems or apparatus utilized for the manufacturing of high temperature (Tc 30 K) superconductor product, article, or stock that is not itself a superconductor product, device, article, or stock and that does not contain a superconducting component. | |
| 951 | NPL PLUS FP HIGH TEMPERATURE (Tc GREATER THAN 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTOR: MATERIAL (I.E., ELEMENT, COMPOUND, OR COMPOSITION) DEVICES, SYSTEMS, APPARATUS, COMPONENTS, STOCK, PROCESSES OF USING SAME, OR PROCESSES OF PRODUCING OR TREATING HIGH TEMPERATURE (Tc GREATER THAN 30 K) SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIAL OR SUPERCONDUCTOR CONTAINING PRODUCTS OR PRECURSORS THEREOF: | ||
Cross-reference art collection of nonpatent literature and
foreign patents for high temperature (Tc 30
K) superconductors including material (i.e., element, compound,
or composition), devices, systems, apparatus, components, stock,
processes of using same, or processes of producing or treating high
temperature (Tc 30 K) superconductor material
or superconductor containing products or precursors thereof.
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