International trademark classification, and the headings of the international trademark classes, are established by the Committee of Experts of the Nice Union and set forth in the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (10th ed. 2011), published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”). The general remarks, class numbers, and class headings for each international trademark class are as follows.
The International Classification is available on the WIPO website. However, because the international list was developed to classify goods and services and not to identify specific goods and services, most entries will not be sufficiently definite to use in an identification of goods and/or services.
On January 1, 2015, the Nice Classification, Tenth Edition, version 2015 (NCL 10-2015), became effective. Noteworthy changes are highlighted in the document below. To see a comprehensive list of all the new or changed entries, on or after January 1, 2015 please use the following search strategy in the USPTO ID Manual: “20150101”[ED]. To conduct the search in the TMNG-IDM (beta version of the ID Manual), click “on the Advanced Search” link, enter “01/01/2015” as the “From” and “To” effective dates, and click on the “Go” button.
General remarks
The indications of goods or services appearing in the class headings are general indications relating to the fields to which, in principle, the goods or services belong. The Alphabetical List should therefore be consulted in order to ascertain the exact classification of each individual product or service.
Goods
If a product cannot be classified with the aid of the List of Classes, the Explanatory Notes and the Alphabetical List, the following remarks set forth the criteria to be applied:
(a) A finished product is in principle classified according to its function or purpose. If the function or purpose of a finished product is not mentioned in any class heading, the finished product is classified by analogy with other comparable finished products, indicated in the Alphabetical List. If none is found, other subsidiary criteria, such as that of the material of which the product is made or its mode of operation, are applied.
(b) A finished product which is a multipurpose composite object (e.g., clocks incorporating radios) may be classified in all classes that correspond to any of its functions or intended purposes. If those functions or purposes are not mentioned in any class heading, other criteria, indicated under (a), above, are to be applied.
(c) Raw materials, unworked or semi-worked, are in principle classified according to the material of which they consist.
(d) Goods intended to form part of another product are in principle classified in the same class as that product only in cases where the same type of goods cannot normally be used for another purpose. In all other cases, the criterion indicated under (a), above, applies.
(e) When a product, whether finished or not, is classified according to the material of which it is made, and it is made of different materials, the product is in principle classified according to the material
which predominates.
(f) Cases adapted to the product they are intended to contain are in principle classified in the same class as the product.
Services
If a service cannot be classified with the aid of the List of Classes, the Explanatory Notes and the Alphabetical List, the following remarks set forth the criteria to be applied:
(a) Services are in principle classified according to the branches of activities specified in the headings of the service classes and in their Explanatory Notes or, if not specified, by analogy with other comparable services indicated in the Alphabetical List.
(b) Rental services are in principle classified in the same classes as the services provided by means of the rented objects (e.g., Rental of telephones, covered by Class 38). Leasing services are analogous to rental services and therefore should be classified in the same way. However, hire- or lease-purchase financing is classified in Class 36 as a financial service.
(c) Services that provide advice, information or consultation are in principle classified in the same classes as the services that correspond to the subject matter of the advice, information or consultation, e.g., transportation consultancy (Cl. 39), business management consultancy (Cl. 35), financial consultancy (Cl. 36), beauty consultancy (Cl. 44). The rendering of the advice, information or consultancy by electronic means (e.g., telephone, computer) does not affect the classification of these services.
(d) Services rendered in the framework of franchising are in principle classified in the same class as the particular services provided by the franchisor (e.g., business advice relating to franchising (Class 35), financing services relating to franchising (Class 36), legal services relating to franchising (Class 45).
List of classes, with explanatory notes
Goods
Class 1
Chemicals used in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry;
unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics;
manures;
fire extinguishing compositions;
tempering and soldering preparations;
chemical substances for preserving foodstuffs;
tanning substances;=
adhesives used in industry.
Explanatory note
Class 1 includes mainly chemical products used in industry, science and agriculture, including those which go to the making of products belonging to other classes.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Compost;
- Salt for preserving other than for foodstuffs;
- Certain additives for the food industry (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods).
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Raw natural resins (Cl. 2);
- Chemical products for use in medical science (Cl. 5);
- Fungicides, herbicides and preparations for destroying vermin (Cl. 5);
- Adhesives for stationery or household purposes (Cl. 16);
- Salt for preserving foodstuffs (Cl. 30);
- Straw mulch (Cl. 31).
Class 2
Paints, varnishes, lacquers;
preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood;
colorants;
mordants;
raw natural resins;
metals in foil and powder form for painters, decorators, printers and artists.
Explanatory note
Class 2 includes mainly paints, colorants and preparations used for the protection against corrosion.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Paints, varnishes and lacquers for industry, handicrafts and arts;
- Dyestuffs for clothing;
- Colorants for foodstuffs and beverages.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Unprocessed artificial resins (Cl. 1);
- Laundry blueing (Cl. 3);
- Cosmetic dyes (Cl. 3);
- Paint boxes (articles for use in school) (Cl. 16);
- Insulating paints and varnishes (Cl. 17).
Class 3
Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use;
cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations;
soaps;
perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions;
dentifrices.
Explanatory note
Class 3 includes mainly cleaning preparations and toilet preparations.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Deodorants for human beings or for animals;
- Room fragrancing preparations;
- Sanitary preparations being toiletries.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Chemical chimney cleaners (Cl. 1);
- Degreasing preparations for use in manufacturing processes (Cl. 1);
- Deodorants other than for human beings or for animals (Cl. 5);
- Sharpening stones and grindstones (hand tools) (Cl. 8).
Class 4
Industrial oils and greases;
lubricants;
dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions;
fuels (including motor spirit) and illuminants;
candles and wicks for lighting.
Explanatory note
Class 4 includes mainly industrial oils and greases, fuels and illuminants.
This Class does not include, in particular: certain special industrial oils and greases (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods).
Class 5
Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations;
sanitary preparations for medical purposes;
dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies;
dietary supplements for humans and animals;
plasters, materials for dressings;
material for stopping teeth, dental wax;
disinfectants;
preparations for destroying vermin;
fungicides, herbicides.
Explanatory note
Class 5 includes mainly pharmaceuticals and other preparations for medical or veterinary purposes.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Sanitary preparations for personal hygiene, other than toiletries;
- Diapers for babies and incontinents;
- Deodorants other than for human beings or for animals;
- Dietary supplements, intended to supplement a normal diet or to have health benefits;
- Meal replacements, dietetic food and beverages, adapted for medical or veterinary use;
- Cigarettes without tobacco, for medical purposes.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Sanitary preparations being toiletries (Cl. 3);
- Deodorants for human beings or for animals (Cl. 3);
- Supportive bandages (Cl. 10);
- Meal replacements, dietetic food and beverages not for medical or veterinary use (Cl. 29, 30, 31, 32 or 33).
Class 6
Common metals and their alloys;
metal building materials;
transportable buildings of metal;
materials of metal for railway tracks;
non-electric cables and wires of common metal;
ironmongery, small items of metal hardware;
pipes and tubes of metal;
safes;
goods of common metal not included in other classes;
ores.
Explanatory note
Class 6 includes mainly unwrought and partly wrought common metals as well as simple products made of them.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Bauxite (Cl. 1);
- Mercury, antimony, alkaline and alkaline-earth metals (Cl. 1);
- Metals in foil and powder form for painters, decorators, printers and artists (Cl. 2).
Class 7
Machines and machine tools;
motors and engines (except for land vehicles);
machine coupling and transmission components (except for land vehicles);
agricultural implements other than hand-operated;
incubators for eggs;
automatic vending machines.
Explanatory note
Class 7 includes mainly machines, machine tools, motors and engines.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Parts of motors and engines (of all kinds);
- Electric cleaning machines and apparatus.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain special machines and machine tools (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Hand tools and implements, hand-operated (Cl. 8);
- Motors and engines for land vehicles (Cl. 12).
Class 8
Hand tools and implements (hand-operated);
cutlery;
side arms;
razors.
Explanatory note
Class 8 includes mainly hand-operated implements used as tools in the respective professions.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Cutlery of precious metals;
- Electric razors and clippers (hand instruments).
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain special instruments (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Machine tools and implements driven by a motor (Cl. 7);
- Surgical cutlery (Cl. 10);
- Side arms being firearms (Cl. 13);
- Paper knives (Cl. 16);
- Fencing weapons (Cl. 28).
Class 9
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity;
apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images;
magnetic data carriers, recording discs;
compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media;
mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus;
cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers;
computer software;
fire-extinguishing apparatus.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular:
- Apparatus and instruments for scientific research in laboratories;
- Apparatus and instruments for controlling ships, such as apparatus and instruments for measuring and for transmitting orders;
- Protractors;
- Punched card office machines;
- All computer programs and software regardless of recording media or means of dissemination, that is, software recorded on magnetic media or downloaded from a remote computer network.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- The following electrical apparatus and instruments:
(a) electromechanical apparatus for the kitchen (grinders and mixers for foodstuffs, fruit presses, electrical coffee mills, etc.), and certain other apparatus and instruments driven by an electrical motor, all coming under class 7;
(b) apparatus for pumping or dispensing fuels (cl. 7);
(c) electric razors, clippers (hand instruments) and flat irons (cl. 8);
(d) electrical apparatus for space heating or for the heating of liquids, for cooking, ventilating, etc. (cl. 11);
(e) electric toothbrushes and combs (cl. 21);
- Clocks and watches and other chronometric instruments (cl. 14);
- Control clocks (cl. 14);
- Amusement and game apparatus adapted for use with an external display screen or monitor (cl. 28).
Class 10
Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments, artificial limbs, eyes and teeth;
orthopedic articles;
suture materials.
Explanatory note
Class 10 includes mainly medical apparatus, instruments and articles.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Special furniture for medical use;
- Hygienic rubber articles (consult the alphabetical list of goods);
- Supportive bandages.
Class 11
Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular:
- Air conditioning apparatus;
- Bed warmers, hot water bottles, warming pans, electric or non-electric;
- Electrically heated cushions (pads) and blankets, not for medical purposes;
- Electric kettles;
- Electric cooking utensils.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Steam producing apparatus (parts of machines) (Cl. 7);
- Electrically heated clothing (Cl. 9).
Class 12
Vehicles;
apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular:
- Motors and engines for land vehicles;
- Couplings and transmission components for land vehicles;
- Air cushion vehicles.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain special vehicles not for transportation purposes (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Certain parts of vehicles (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Railway material of metal (Cl. 6);
- Motors, engines, couplings and transmission components other than for land vehicles (Cl. 7);
- Parts of motors and engines (of all kinds) (Cl. 7).
Class 13
Firearms;
ammunition and projectiles;
explosives;
fireworks.
Explanatory note
Class 13 includes mainly firearms and pyrotechnical products.
This Class does not include, in particular: matches (Cl. 34).
Class 14
Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metals or coated therewith, not included in other classes;
jewellery, precious stones;
horological and chronometric instruments.
Explanatory note
Class 14 includes mainly precious metals, goods in precious metals not included in other classes and, in general jewellery, clocks and watches.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Jewellery (i.e., imitation jewellery and jewellery of precious metal and stones);
- Cuff links, tie pins.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Goods in precious metals classified according to their function or purpose, for example, metals in foil and powder form for painters, decorators, printers and artists (Cl. 2), amalgam of gold for dentists (Cl. 5), cutlery (Cl. 8), electric contacts (Cl. 9), pen nibs of gold (Cl. 16), teapots (Cl. 21), gold and silver embroidery (Cl. 26), cigar boxes (Cl. 34);
- Objects of art not of precious metals (classified according to the material of which they consist).
Class 15
Musical instruments.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular:
- Mechanical pianos and their accessories;
- Musical boxes;
- Electrical and electronic musical instruments.
This Class does not include, in particular: apparatus for the recording, transmission, amplification and reproduction of sound (Cl. 9).
Class 16
Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes;
printed matter;
bookbinding material;
photographs;
stationery;
adhesives for stationery or household purposes;
artists’ materials;
paint brushes;
typewriters and office requisites (except furniture);
instructional and teaching material (except apparatus);
plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes);
printers’ type;
printing blocks.
Explanatory note
Class 16 includes mainly paper, goods made from that material and office requisites.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Paper knives;
- Duplicators;
- Plastic sheets, sacks and bags for wrapping and packaging.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain goods made of paper and cardboard (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Paints (Cl. 2);
- Hand tools for artists (for example, spatulas, sculptors’ chisels) (Cl. 8).
Class 17
Rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and goods made from these materials and not included in other classes;
plastics in extruded form for use in manufacture;
packing, stopping and insulating materials;
flexible pipes, not of metal.
Explanatory note
Class 17 includes mainly electrical, thermal and acoustic insulating materials and plastics, being for use in manufacture in the form of sheets, blocks and rods.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Rubber material for recapping tyres;
- Padding and stuffing materials of rubber or plastics;
- Floating anti-pollution barriers.
Class 18
Leather and imitations of leather, and goods made of these materials and not included in other classes;
animal skins, hides;
trunks and travelling bags;
umbrellas and parasols;
walking sticks;
whips, harness and saddlery.
Explanatory note
Class 18 includes mainly leather, leather imitations, travel goods not included in other classes and saddlery.
This Class does not include, in particular: clothing, footwear, headgear (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods).
Class 19
Building materials (non-metallic);
non-metallic rigid pipes for building;
asphalt, pitch and bitumen;
non-metallic transportable buildings;
monuments, not of metal.
Explanatory note
Class 19 includes mainly non-metallic building materials.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Semi-worked woods (for example, beams, planks, panels);
- Veneers;
- Building glass (for example, floor slabs, glass tiles);
- Glass granules for marking out roads;
- Letter boxes of masonry.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Cement preservatives and cement-waterproofing preparations (Cl. 1);
- Fireproofing preparations (Cl. 1).
Class 20
Furniture, mirrors, picture frames;
goods (not included in other classes) of wood, cork, reed, cane, wicker, horn, bone, ivory, whalebone, shell, amber, mother-of-pearl, meerschaum and substitutes for all these materials, or of plastics.
Explanatory note
Class 20 includes mainly furniture and its parts and plastic goods, not included in other classes.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Metal furniture and furniture for camping;
- Bedding (for example, mattresses, spring mattresses, pillows);
- Looking glasses and furnishing or toilet mirrors;
- Registration number plates not of metal;
- Letter boxes not of metal or masonry.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain special types of mirrors, classified according to their function or purpose (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Special furniture for laboratories (Cl. 9);
- Special furniture for medical use (Cl. 10);
- Bedding linen (Cl. 24);
- Eiderdowns (Cl. 24).
Class 21
Household or kitchen utensils and containers;
combs and sponges;
brushes (except paintbrushes);
brush-making materials;
articles for cleaning purposes;
steelwool;
unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass used in building);
glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes.
Explanatory note
Class 21 includes mainly small, hand-operated utensils and apparatus for household and kitchen use as well as toilet utensils, glassware and articles in porcelain.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Utensils and containers for household and kitchen use, for example, kitchen utensils, pails, pans of iron, of aluminium, of plastics or of other materials, small hand-operated apparatus for mincing, grinding or pressing;
- Electric combs;
- Electric toothbrushes;
- Dish stands and decanter stands.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain goods made of glass, porcelain and earthenware (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Cleaning preparations, soaps, etc. (Cl. 3);
- Small apparatus for mincing, grinding or pressing, which are driven by electricity (Cl. 7);
- Razors and shaving apparatus, clippers (hand instruments), metal implements and utensils for manicure and pedicure (Cl. 8);
- Cooking utensils, electric (Cl. 11);
- Toilet mirrors (Cl. 20).
Class 22
Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks and bags (not included in other classes);
padding and stuffing materials (except of rubber or plastics);
raw fibrous textile materials.
Explanatory note
Class 22 includes mainly rope and sail manufacture products, padding and stuffing materials and raw fibrous textile materials.
This Class includes, in particular: cords and twines in natural or artificial textile fibres, paper or plastics.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain nets, sacks and bags (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Strings for musical instruments (Cl. 15).
Class 23
Yarns and threads, for textile use.
Class 24
Textiles and textile goods, not included in other classes;
bed covers;
table covers.
Explanatory note
Class 24 includes mainly textiles (piece goods) and textile covers for household use.
This Class includes, in particular: bedding linen of paper.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain special textiles (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Electrically heated blankets, for medical purposes (Cl. 10) and not for medical purposes (Cl. 11);
- Table linen of paper (Cl. 16);
- Horse blankets (Cl. 18).
Class 25
Clothing, footwear, headgear.
Explanatory note
This Class does not include, in particular: certain clothing and footwear for special use (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods).
Class 26
Lace and embroidery, ribbons and braid;
buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles;
artificial flowers.
Explanatory note
Class 26 includes mainly dressmakers’ articles.
This Class includes, in particular: slide fasteners.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain special types of hooks (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Certain special types of needles (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Yarns and threads for textile use (Cl. 23).
Class 27
Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors;
wall hangings (non-textile).
Explanatory note
Class 27 includes mainly products intended to be added as furnishings to previously constructed floors and walls.
This Class does not include, in particular: wooden flooring (Cl. 19).
Class 28
Games and playthings;
gymnastic and sporting articles not included in other classes;
decorations for Christmas trees.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular:
- Amusement and game apparatus adapted for use with an external display screen or monitor;
- Fishing tackle;
- Equipment for various sports and games.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Christmas tree candles (Cl. 4);
- Diving equipment (Cl. 9);
- Electrical lamps (garlands) for Christmas trees (Cl. 11);
- Fishing nets (Cl. 22);
- Clothing for gymnastics and sports (Cl. 25);
- Confectionery and chocolate decorations for Christmas trees (Cl. 30).
Class 29
Meat, fish, poultry and game;
meat extracts;
preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables;
jellies, jams, compotes;
eggs;
milk and milk products;
edible oils and fats.
Explanatory note
Class 29 includes mainly foodstuffs of animal origin as well as vegetables and other horticultural comestible products which are prepared for consumption or conservation.
This Class includes, in particular: milk beverages (milk predominating).
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain foodstuffs of plant origin (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Baby food (Cl. 5);
- Dietetic food and substances adapted for medical use (Cl. 5);
- Dietary supplements (Cl. 5);
- Salad dressings (Cl. 30);
- Fertilised eggs for hatching (Cl. 31);
- Foodstuffs for animals (Cl. 31);
- Live animals (Cl. 31).
Class 30
Coffee, tea, cocoa and artificial coffee;
rice;
tapioca and sago;
flour and preparations made from cereals;
bread, pastry and confectionery;
edible ices;
sugar, honey, treacle;
yeast, baking-powder;
salt;
mustard;
vinegar, sauces (condiments);
spices;
ice.
Explanatory note
Class 30 includes mainly foodstuffs of plant origin prepared for consumption or conservation as well as auxiliaries intended for the improvement of the flavour of food.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Beverages with coffee, cocoa, chocolate or tea base;
- Cereals prepared for human consumption (for example, oat flakes and those made of other cereals).
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Certain foodstuffs of plant origin (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods);
- Salt for preserving other than for foodstuffs (Cl. 1);
- Medicinal teas and dietetic food and substances adapted for medical use (Cl. 5);
- Baby food (Cl. 5);
- Dietary supplements (Cl. 5);
- Raw cereals (Cl. 31);
- Foodstuffs for animals (Cl. 31).
Class 31
Grains and agricultural, horticultural and forestry products not included in other classes;
live animals;
fresh fruits and vegetables;
seeds;
natural plants and flowers;
foodstuffs for animals;
malt.
Explanatory note
Class 31 includes mainly land products not having been subjected to any form of preparation for consumption, live animals and plants as well as foodstuffs for animals.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Raw woods;
- Raw cereals;
- Fertilised eggs for hatching;
- Mollusca and crustacea (live).
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Cultures of micro-organisms and leeches for medical purposes (Cl. 5);
- Dietary supplements for animals (Cl. 5);
- Semi-worked woods (Cl. 19);
- Artificial fishing bait (Cl. 28);
- Rice (Cl. 30);
- Tobacco (Cl. 34).
Class 32
Beers;
mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic beverages;
fruit beverages and fruit juices;
syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
Explanatory note
Class 32 includes mainly non-alcoholic beverages, as well as beer.
This Class includes, in particular: de-alcoholised beverages.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Beverages for medical purposes (Cl. 5);
- Milk beverages (milk predominating) (Cl. 29);
- Beverages with coffee, cocoa, chocolate or tea base (Cl. 30).
Class 33
Alcoholic beverages (except beers).
Explanatory note
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Medicinal beverages (Cl. 5);
- De-alcoholised beverages (Cl. 32).
Class 34
Tobacco;
smokers’ articles;
matches.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular: tobacco substitutes (not for medical purposes).
This Class does not include, in particular: cigarettes without tobacco, for medical purposes (Cl. 5).
Services
Class 35
Advertising;
business management;
business administration;
office functions.
Explanatory note
Class 35 includes mainly services rendered by persons or organizations principally with the object of:
- help in the working or management of a commercial undertaking, or
- help in the management of the business affairs or commercial functions of an industrial or commercial enterprise,
as well as services rendered by advertising establishments primarily undertaking communications to the public, declarations or announcements by all means of diffusion and concerning all kinds of goods or services.
This Class includes, in particular:
- The bringing together, for the benefit of others, of a variety of goods (excluding the transport thereof), enabling customers to conveniently view and purchase those goods; such services may be provided by retail stores, wholesale outlets, through mail order catalogues or by means of electronic media, for example, through web sites or television shopping programmes;
- Services consisting of the registration, transcription, composition, compilation or systematization of written communications and registrations, and also the compilation of mathematical or statistical data;
- Services of advertising agencies and services such as the distribution of prospectuses, directly or through the post, or the distribution of samples. This class may refer to advertising in connection with other services, such as those concerning bank loans or advertising by radio.
This Class does not include, in particular: services such as evaluations and reports of engineers which do not directly refer to the working or management of affairs in a commercial or industrial enterprise (consult the Alphabetical List of Services).
Class 36
Insurance;
financial affairs;
monetary affairs;
real estate affairs.
Explanatory note
Class 36 includes mainly services rendered in financial and monetary affairs and services rendered in relation to insurance contracts of all kinds.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Services relating to financial or monetary affairs comprise the following:
(a) services of all the banking establishments, or institutions connected with them such as exchange brokers or clearing services;
(b) services of credit institutions other than banks such as co-operative credit associations, individual financial companies, lenders, etc.;
(c) services of “investment trusts,” of holding companies;
(d) services of brokers dealing in shares and property;
(e) services connected with monetary affairs vouched for by trustees;
(f) services rendered in connection with the issue of travellers’ cheques and letters of credit;
- Hire- or lease-purchase financing;
- Services of realty administrators of buildings, i.e., services of letting or valuation, or financing;
- Services dealing with insurance such as services rendered by agents or brokers engaged in insurance, services rendered to insured, and insurance underwriting services.
Class 37
Building construction;
repair;
|installation services.
Explanatory note
Class 37 includes mainly services rendered by contractors or subcontractors in the construction or making of permanent buildings, as well as services rendered by persons or organizations engaged in the restoration of objects to their original condition or in their preservation without altering their physical or chemical properties.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Services relating to the construction of buildings, roads, bridges, dams or transmission lines and services of undertakings specializing in the field of construction such as those of painters, plumbers, heating installers or roofers;
- Services auxiliary to construction services like inspections of construction plans;
- Services of shipbuilding;
- Services consisting of hiring of tools or building materials;
- Repair services, i.e., services which undertake to put any object into good condition after wear, damage, deterioration or partial destruction (restoration of an existing building or another object that has become imperfect and is to be restored to its original condition);
- Various repair services such as those in the fields of electricity, furniture, instruments, tools, etc.;
- Services of maintenance for preserving an object in its original condition without changing any of its properties (for the difference between this class and class 40 see the explanatory note of class 40).
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Services consisting of storage of goods such as clothes or vehicles (Cl. 39);
- Services connected with dyeing of cloth or clothes (Cl. 40).
Class 38
Telecommunications.
Explanatory note
Class 38 includes mainly services allowing at least one person to communicate with another by a sensory means. Such services include those which:
- allow one person to talk to another,
- transmit messages from one person to another, and
- place a person in oral or visual communication with another (radio and television).
This Class includes, in particular: services which consist essentially of the diffusion of radio or television programmes.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Radio advertising services (Cl. 35);
- Telephone marketing (telemarketing) services (Cl. 35).
Class 39
Transport;
packaging and storage of goods;
travel arrangement.
Explanatory note
Class 39 includes mainly services for the transport of people, animals or goods from one place to another (by rail, road, water, air or pipeline) and services necessarily connected with such transport, as well as services relating to the storing of goods in a warehouse or other building for their preservation or guarding.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Services rendered by companies exploiting stations, bridges, rail-road ferries, etc., used by the transporter;
- Services connected with the hiring of transport vehicles;
- Services connected with maritime tugs, unloading, the functioning of ports and docks and the salvaging of wrecked ships and their cargoes;
- Services connected with the packaging and parcelling of goods before dispatch;
- Services consisting of information about journeys or the transport of goods by brokers and tourist agencies, information relating to tariffs, timetables and methods of transport;
- Services relating to the inspection of vehicles or goods before transport.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Services relating to advertising transport undertakings such as the distribution of prospectuses or advertising on the radio (Cl. 35);
- Services relating to the issuing of travellers’ cheques or letters of credit by brokers or travel agents (Cl. 36);
- Services relating to insurances (commercial, fire or life) during the transport of persons or goods (Cl. 36);
- Services rendered by the maintenance and repair of vehicles, nor the maintenance or repair of objects connected with the transport of persons or goods (Cl. 37);
- Services relating to reservation of rooms in a hotel by travel agents or brokers (Cl. 43).
Class 40
Treatment of materials.
Explanatory note
Class 40 includes mainly services not included in other classes, rendered by the mechanical or chemical processing or transformation of objects or inorganic or organic substances.
For the purposes of classification, the mark is considered a service mark only in cases where processing or transformation is effected for the account of another person. A mark is considered a trade mark in all cases where the substance or object is marketed by the person who processed or transformed it.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Services relating to transformation of an object or substance and any process involving a change in its essential properties (for example, dyeing a garment); consequently, a maintenance service, although usually in Class 37, is included in Class 40 if it entails such a change (for example, the chroming of motor vehicle bumpers);
- Services of material treatment which may be present during the production of any substance or object other than a building; for example, services which involve cutting, shaping, polishing by abrasion or metal coating.
This Class does not include, in particular: repair services (Cl. 37).
Class 41
Education;
providing of training;
entertainment;
sporting and cultural activities.
Explanatory note
Class 41 covers mainly services rendered by persons or institutions in the development of the mental faculties of persons or animals, as well as services intended to entertain or to engage the attention.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Services consisting of all forms of education of persons or training of animals;
- Services having the basic aim of the entertainment, amusement or recreation of people;
- Presentation of works of visual art or literature to the public for cultural or educational purposes.
Class 42
Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto;
industrial analysis and research services;
design and development of computer hardware and software.
Explanatory note
Class 42 includes mainly services provided by persons, individually or collectively, in relation to the theoretical and practical aspects of complex fields of activities; such services are provided by members of professions such as chemists, physicists, engineers, computer programmers, etc.
This Class includes, in particular:
- The services of engineers and scientists who undertake evaluations, estimates, research and reports in the scientific and technological fields (including technological consultancy);
- Scientific research services for medical purposes.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Business research and evaluations (Cl. 35);
- Word processing and computer file management services (Cl. 35);
- Financial and fiscal evaluations (Cl. 36);
- Mining and oil extraction (Cl. 37);
- Computer (hardware) installation and repair services (Cl. 37);
- Services provided by the members of professions such as medical doctors, veterinary surgeons, psychoanalysts (Cl. 44);
- Medical treatment services (Cl. 44);
- Garden design (Cl. 44);
- Legal services (Cl. 45).
Class 43
Services for providing food and drink;
temporary accommodation.
Explanatory note
Class 43 includes mainly services provided by persons or establishments whose aim is to prepare food and drink for consumption and services provided to obtain bed and board in hotels, boarding houses or other establishments providing temporary accommodation.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Reservation services for travellers’ accommodation, particularly through travel agencies or brokers;
- Boarding for animals.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Rental services for real estate such as houses, flats, etc., for permanent use (cl. 36);
- Arranging travel by tourist agencies (cl. 39);
- Preservation services for food and drink (cl. 40);
- Discotheque services (cl. 41);
- Boarding schools (cl. 41);
- Rest and convalescent homes (cl. 44).
Class 44
Medical services;
veterinary services;
hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals;
agriculture, horticulture and forestry services.
Explanatory note
Class 44 includes mainly medical care, hygienic and beauty care given by persons or establishments to human beings and animals; it also includes services relating to the fields of agriculture, horticulture and forestry.
This Class includes, in particular:
- Medical analysis services relating to the treatment of persons (such as x-ray examinations and taking of blood samples);
- Artificial insemination services;
- Pharmacy advice;
- Animal breeding;
- Services relating to the growing of plants such as gardening;
- Services relating to floral art such as floral compositions as well as garden design.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Vermin exterminating (other than for agriculture, horticulture and forestry) (Cl. 37);
- Installation and repair services for irrigation systems (Cl. 37);
- Ambulance transport (Cl. 39);
- Animal slaughtering services and taxidermy (Cl. 40);
- Timber felling and processing (Cl. 40);
- Animal training services (Cl. 41);
- Health clubs for physical exercise (Cl. 41);
- Scientific research services for medical purposes (Cl. 42);
- Boarding for animals (Cl. 43);
- Retirement homes (Cl. 43).
Class 45
Legal services; security services for the protection of property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals.
Explanatory note
This Class includes, in particular:
- Services rendered by lawyers, legal assistants, and personal advocates, to individuals, groups of individuals, organizations and enterprises;
- Investigation and surveillance services relating to the safety of persons and entities;
- Services provided to individuals in relation with social events, such as social escort services, matrimonial agencies, funeral services.
This Class does not include, in particular:
- Professional services giving direct aid in the operations or functions of a commercial undertaking (Cl. 35);
- Services relating to financial or monetary affairs and services dealing with insurance (Cl. 36);
- Escorting of travellers (Cl. 39);
- Security transport (Cl. 39);
- Services consisting of all forms of education of persons (Cl. 41);
- Performances of singers or dancers (Cl. 41);
- Computer services for the protection of software (Cl. 42);
- Services provided by others to give medical, hygienic or beauty care for human beings or animals (Cl. 44);
- Certain rental services (consult the Alphabetical List of Services and General Remark (b) relating to the classification of services).